平滑肌活性对兔肠系膜上静脉环箍应力应变关系的影响

将１４只家兔的肠系膜上静脉（ＳＭＶ）随机分为两组：Ⅰ（正常组）和Ⅱ（平滑肌失活组）。通过充压试验结果表明：兔ＳＭＶ环箍应力应变关系为指数函数关系，平滑肌活性对兔ＳＭＶ材料常数Ｘ２有明显影响，材料常数Ｘ２组间比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０－０５），材料常数Ｘ１组间比较差异无显著性。认为Ｘ２是平滑肌活性参数。     

住院式森田疗法治疗66例神经症——合并用药的对照研究

本文将６６例以强迫症、恐怖症为主的神经症患者分为两组，单纯治疗组以经典森田疗法进行治疗［１］，综合治疗组以新森田疗法（森田疗法合并药物治疗）进行治疗［２］，并使用ＳＣＬ－９０、ＥＰＱ、ＭＭＰＩ等量表进行了测评。结果表明：单纯治疗组与综合治疗组的疗效差异无显著性；并提示凡ＳＣＬ－９０的偏执因子分＞２．５分、ＭＭＰＩ标准量表中的癔病量表原始分及因子量表中的神经质因子高Ｔ分者，均显示综合治疗方式用药的必要性［３］。     

温度对兔肠系膜上静脉环箍应力—应变关系的影响

将１２只家兔的肠系膜上静脉随机分为两组。通过充压试验结果表明，兔ＳＭＶ环箍应力－应变关系为指数函数关系，温度对兔ＳＭＶ材料常数有明显影响。材料常数ｘ１组间比较有显著性差异，材料常数ｘ２组间比较差异无显著性。认为Ｘ１是温度敏感因子。     

肾移植受者外周血sICAM—1检测的临床意义

动态监测４１例肾移植受者血清可溶性细胞间粘附分子－１水平的变化发现：肾移植术后肾功能稳定组与正常对照组及尿毒症组之间，血清ｓＩＣＡＭ－１差异不显著；急性肾小管坏死组与环孢素Ａ肾中毒组，血清ｓＩＡＭ－１轻度升高，两组间及与肾功能稳定组之间差异不显著，急性排斥组（ＡＲ）与感染组血清ｓＩＣＡＭ－１明显升高，两组间差异不显著，但与肾功能稳定组比较，差异非常显著，且ＡＲ组血清ｓＩＣＡＭ－１比血肌酐提高１￣３     

2708名4-14岁儿童的品德、个性和气质评估

目的 :探讨我国独生子女的品德、个性和气质差异。方法 :采用自编的学龄前儿童和学龄儿童品德表、 4-9岁和 10 -14岁儿童气质表及艾森克儿童个性问卷 (EPQ)对 40 8名 (配对组 )和 2 3 0 0名(非配对组 )独生与非独生子女作了品德、个性和气质的测试。结果 :品德总分在父母问卷中 ,配对组与非配对组中独生组的品德总分均显著低于非独生组 (P≤ 0 0 5 ) ,而在教师问卷中两组差异无显著性。个性类型中 ,非配对组中的学龄组独生组的外向型个性类型显著高于非独生组 (P≤ 0 0 5 ) ,而配对组两组差异无显著性。在情绪稳定性方面 ,独生组的情绪不稳定型显著高于非独生组 (P≤ 0 0 5 ) ,而情绪稳定型则独生组显著低于非独生组 (P≤ 0 0 1)。气质类型中 ,配对组和非配对组中 ,独生组的胆汁—多血质型和胆汁—抑郁质均高于非独生组 (P <0 0 5～ 0 0 1)。其余各项两组均差异无显著性。结论 :独生与非独生子女的个性气质随年龄增长差异渐不明显 ,与家庭评价有关。     

K矫正对MMPI临床量表剖图的影响

目的：了解加Ｋ矫正对ＭＭＰＩ剖图的影响和临床意义。方法：比较精神分裂症组（ｎ＝７２）和强迫症组（ｎ＝３１）５个临床量表（Ｈｓ、Ｐｄ、Ｐｔ、Ｓｃ、Ｍａ）加Ｋ前后Ｔ分数的变化，量表间的相关性和疾病鉴别能力。结果：５个临床量表加Ｋ后，在精神分裂症组和强迫症组的ＭＭＰＩ剖图上，与这两类精神疾病诊断密切相关的量表Ｓｃ和Ｐｔ的Ｔ分数分别平均升高２．５５和３．９６个Ｔ分点；加Ｋ后的剖图，精神分裂症的两点编码由３６／６３改变为６８／８６，强迫症组由２３／３２改变为２７／７２。而且，加Ｋ前后，临床量表间的相关水平也发生变化，加Ｋ后使利用相应的编码解释的可能性增加。当Ｔ≥６５时，加Ｋ后两类精神疾病的人数分别增加１５．１％（Ｐ＜０．０５）和１６．１３％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：加Ｋ矫正可提高临床量表对不同精神疾病的鉴别能力     

妊高征患者血清sICAM-1和sVCAM-1水平检测

目的：探讨可溶性细胞间粘附分子（ｓＩＣＡＭ－１）及可溶性血管细胞粘附分子行高征的关系。方法：收集２０例妊高征患者及２０例正常孕妇血清，采用酶联免疫法测量ｓＩＣＡＭ－１和ｓＶＣＡＭ－１浓度。结果：妊高征组血清ｓＩＣＡＭ－１水平比正常对照组高，但统计学上无显著性；妊高征组血清ｓＶＣＡＭ－１水平显著高于对照组，统计学上差异显著（Ｐ〈０．００１）。结论：ｓＶＣＡＭ－１可能参与了妊高征的病理生理变化，并可能对于妊高征的监测和治疗有一定作用。     

105例酒依赖患者临床特征与MMPI测试结果分析

目的：探讨酒依赖病人的人格特征，以及临床表现与人格特征关系。方法：运用明尼苏达多项个性调查有（MMPI）测查我中心住院的105例酒依赖病人并进行对照分析。结果：与正常人相比，酒依赖病人量表分数存在显著性差异。年龄以35岁为界的两组病人在Hs、D、Hy、Pd量表存在显著性差异。有或无精神病性症状的两组病人在L、F、K、Hs、Hy、Pd、Pa、Sc、Pt、Ma、Si量表存在显著性的差异。结论：低年龄段或伴有精神病性症状的患者具有显著的人格偏离。     

长寿老人血脂,脂蛋白和载脂蛋白价值的研究

对９０岁以上３６例长寿老人的血脂、脂蛋白和载脂蛋白进行了测定，并与陈旧性心肌梗塞（ＯＭＩ）和成人组对比。结果显示：与ＯＭＩ组比较，长寿老人血清ＨＤＬ－ｃ／ＴＣ、ＨＤＬ－ｃ／ＬＤＬ－Ｃ和ＡｐｏＡ１／ＡｐｏＢ１００比率明显高于ＯＭＩ，而ＴＣ、ＴＧ、ＬＤｃ、ＶＬＤＬ－ｃ、ＡｐｏＢ１００和ＡｐｏＡ１明显低于ＯＭＩ，ＨＤＬ－ｃ在两组间无显著性差异，与成人组比较，长寿老人血清ＴＧ、ＶＬＤＬ－ｃ、ＡｐｏＡ、／Ａ     

宁夏地区汉族与回族青少年心理健康水平及父母养育方式的比较研究

目的：考查不同民族学生心理健康水平和父母养育方式的差异以及两者之间的关系。方法：采用父母教养方式问卷（ＥＭＢＵ）和症状自评量表（ＳＣＬ－９０）对银川市一所重点高中的３６８名汉族学生和２８９名回族学生进行了测查。结果：（１）回族学生的父亲对其子女表现出更多的情感温暖与理解，但与此同时又对其子女也有更多的处罚、严厉和过度保护倾向；而汉族学生的母亲对子女有更多的拒绝与否定倾向。（２）回族学生在症状自评量表中的躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁和恐怖的得分上明显高于汉族学生。（３）父母不良的教养方式与两组学生在ＳＣＬ－９０的多项得分均具有明显相关。结论：汉族与回族学生的心理健康水平及父母养育方式有不同程度的差异，且两者之间有一定的联系。     

Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in normal children.

Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activities of 82 healthy neonates (aged 9 hours to 11 days) and 106 healthy children (aged 2 months to 15 years) were determined. Serum GGT activity of 47 neonates (51%) was higher than the accepted upper limit of normal for adults. By three months of age, all of the children had serum GGT activities that were within the accepted normal range for adults. Thereafter there was only minimal variation in serum GGT activities of older children. Although mean serum GGT activity was higher in male children than in female children, there was no significant difference between the values for male and female neonates. That after the neonatal period serum GGT activity is constant in the adult range and is not affected by bone growth as is alkaline phosphatase suggests that GGT may be of value in the evaluation of hepatobiliary disease in children.     

国人气管——支气管——肺段支气管分支角度的测量

本文对已固定的成人尸体50例(男25、女25)和2岁左右的幼儿尸体20例的气管——支气管——肺段支气管的分支角度进行了测量。结果表明:成人男女性间、成人与幼儿间的气管与支气管、支气管与叶支气管间的角度均无显著性差异。本文为人类学和临床提供了大量可靠的数据。     

Quality of life in children surviving cancer: a personality and multi-informant perspective

OBJECTIVE: To describe quality of life (QoL) of children surviving cancer in relation to their personality, using self- and maternal reports and examining differences with healthy referents. METHOD: Sixty-seven children who survived childhood cancer were compared with eighty-one healthy children on QoL and personality characteristics. RESULTS: Children who survived cancer reported higher QoL than healthy children, whereas there were no differences for personality. Two main effects emerged for informant with children rating themselves as less neurotic and more conscientious than their mothers. The correspondence between mothers and children was substantially higher for survivors for QoL and personality ratings. QoL and trait measures share substantial variance, and personality traits significantly predict QoL. Parental personality ratings explained child QoL beyond children's personality ratings. CONCLUSIONS: Personality traits contribute to quality of life, indicating that personality significantly influences child's quality of life beyond the experience of a negative life event such as surviving cancer and its treatment. From a diagnostic perspective, parental trait ratings are informative in addition to children's ratings of personality to understand children's QoL.     

抑郁症患者EPQ测试结果分析

用艾森克个性问卷，对８０例抑郁症患者进行测验，并与常模进行对照。发现女性抑郁症患者具有内向性、精神质及情绪不稳定性的个性特征：男性患者具有精神质和情绪不稳定笥的个性特征。Ｅ维度个性分布，提示内向型频度高，中间型次之，三档性格在男女性间无差异。     

Sibling rivalry between twins in utero and childhood: Evidence from birthweight and survival of 95 919 twin pairs in 72 low- and middle-income countries

Background

This study explores the magnitude and timing of sex and gender disparities in child development by describing differences in health outcomes for male and female siblings, comparing twins to control for all aspects of life circumstances other than sex and gender.

Methods

We construct a repeat cross-sectional dataset of 191 838 twins among 1.7 million births recorded in 214 nationally representative household surveys for 72 countries between 1990 and 2016. To test for biological or social mechanisms that might favor the health of male or female infants, we describe differences in birthweights, attained heights, weights, and survival to distinguish gestational health from care practices after each child is born.

Results

We find that male fetuses grow at the expense of their co-twin, significantly reducing their sibling's birthweight and survival probabilities, but only if the other fetus is male. Female fetuses are born significantly heavier when they share the uterus with a male co-twin and have no significant difference in survival probability whether they happen to draw a male or a female co-twin. These findings demonstrate that sex-specific sibling rivalry and male frailty begin in utero, prior to gender bias after birth that typically favors male children.

Conclusions

Sex differences in child health may have competing effects with gender bias that occurs during childhood. Worse health outcomes for males with a male co-twin could be linked to hormone levels or male frailty, and could lead to underestimates of the effect sizes of later gender bias against girls. Gender bias favoring surviving male children may explain the lack of differences in height and weight observed for twins with either male or female co-twins.     

等动肌力测试10岁健康儿童肩关节屈伸肌群的发育特征

背景：肩关节是人体最灵活的关节,目前对儿童肩关节肌群发育特征的研究非常少见。 目的：通过等动肌力测试分析10岁儿童肩关节屈伸肌群力量的发育特征。 方法：运用Kinitech等动测力系统对59名10岁儿童双侧肩关节屈伸肌进行60,120 (°)/s两种速度测试。 结果与结论：①同一测试速度下同侧同名肌群男女比较,左右肩关节屈伸峰力矩、最大功率值差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。②左肩关节：男性屈肌在120 (°)/s速度下的相对体质量峰力矩值高于女性(P < 0.05),伸肌在60,120 (°)/s速度下数值高于女性(P < 0.01或P < 0.05);男性屈肌在60 (°)/s速度下的相对体质量最大功率值高于女性(P < 0.05),伸肌在60,120 (°)/s测试速度下的相对体质量最大功率值高于女性(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。③右肩关节：男性伸肌在60,120 (°)/s速度下的相对体质量峰力矩值高于女性(P < 0.05);男女屈肌在60,120 (°)/s速度下的相对体质量最大功率值差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05),男性伸肌在60,120 (°)/s速度下的相对体质量最大功率值高于女性(P < 0.01或P < 0.05)。说明10岁儿童男女相比,肩关节屈伸肌群发育无明显差异;自身相比,男女儿童肩关节伸的肌群力量要好于屈肌群,屈伸比在合理范围之内。     

The association between parental personality patterns and internalising and externalising behaviour problems in children and adolescents

Background: This study investigated the relationship between parental personality patterns and internalising and externalising behaviour problems in a clinically referred sample of children (aged 4–8) and adolescents (aged 12–18). Methods: Data from families involved in two clinical trials in Victoria, Australia were analysed (n = 59). Families were administered the Millons Clinical Multiaxial Inventory—III (MCMI‐III) which reports personality patterns consistent with Axis II disorder and an Achenbach measure of mental health as appropriate to child's age (Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Youth Self‐Report (YSR), or Adult Self‐Report (ASR)). Relationships between internalising and externalising behaviour problems, and parental personality patterns were examined via correlation and regression analyses. Results: The study found a positive correlation between parental borderline, paranoid, and avoidant personality patterns, and child and adolescent externalising behaviour problems. The relationships were generally stronger for adolescents than for children. However, no relationship was observed between parental personality patterns and internalising behaviour problems. Conclusions: These findings underline the importance of clinical assessment of the family ecology as a whole—including the interaction between parental personality patterns and child and adolescent behaviour and emotional problems. These findings contribute to the understanding of developmental risk factors for child and adolescent mental health and the transmission of psychopathology across generations.     

Reference values of erythrocyte ferritin in children and adults

The erythrocyte ferritin content was measured in 183 healthy subjects in age from 4 to 68 years; 80 were male and 103 were female. In children between the ages of 4 and 12 years there is no significant difference in the mean value between boys and girls. In females the erythrocyte ferritin concentration is independent of age. After 12 years of age the erythrocyte ferritin content is higher in men. Reference intervals were determined by the two quantiles 0.05 and 0.95. The reference interval is 3-24 age by cell in boys between 4 and 12 and females between 4 and 63; the reference interval is 5-38 age by cell in males between 13 and 68 years of age.     

维C银翘片对小儿手足口病治疗效果的临床分析

目的 观察维C银翘片对小儿手足口病(Hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)的临床治疗效果.方法 选取来我院儿科就诊并确诊为手足口病的患儿100例为研究对象,按完全随机原则分为两组:研究组和对照组,每组50例.对照组采用利巴韦林进行治疗,研究组则采用维C银翘片进行治疗,比较两组患儿的流行病学资料和临床治疗效果指标.结果 此次研究共收集男性手足口病患儿65例,女性患儿35例.患者的年龄范围为10个月～7岁,平均年龄为(2.8±1.8)岁,所有患儿中均有皮疹的发生,其中研究组患儿皮疹持续时间为(2.5±1.6)天,对照组患儿皮疹持续时间为(2.2±1.0)天.两组患儿中仅有48名在皮疹出现时伴随着发热症状,其中研究组有28名,发热持续时间为(2.2±1.1)天,对照组有20名,发热持续时间为(2.1±1.0)天.两组患儿在年龄、皮疹持续时间和发热持续时间上均无统计学差异(P＜0.05).经治疗后两组的有效治愈率无统计学差异(X2=1.382,P＞0.05).研究组患儿的退热时间(t=-4.734,P＜0.05)和退疹时间(t=-3.311,P＜0.05)均要短于对照组,但两组在口腔溃疡的痊愈时间上无明显的统计学差异(t=-1.169,P＞0.05).结论 在取得和抗病毒西药产生的同样治疗效果的基础上,维C银翘片可以明显缩短患儿退热和退疹时间,但在患儿口腔溃疡痊愈时间方面无明显优势.