首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 765 毫秒
1.
目的:制备环孢素纳米乳输液剂并采用HPLC法测定该纳米乳制剂中环孢素A的含量.方法:以注射用大豆油为油相,磷脂为乳化剂,采用高压均制法制备环孢素纳米乳.HPLC法测定含量,采用Hypersil C18(ODS2) 色谱柱(4.6 mm× 250 mm,5 靘) ;流动相为甲醇∶水(85∶15,V∶V);流速为1 mL/min;检测波长为225 nm;柱温为50 ℃.结果:所制纳米乳平均粒径为35.9 nm,表面电位为-33.1 mV,可耐热压灭菌.在本实验分离条件下环孢素A与其他组分能较好地分离,环孢素A浓度在20~300 mg/L范围内呈线形关系(r=0.9999),在高、中、低3个浓度的回收率(n=3)分别为100.28%(RSD=0.76%),100.91%(RSD=0.65%),101.11%(RSD=0.86%).结论:制备的纳米乳稳定性较好,测定方法可以用于环孢素A纳米乳的含量测定.  相似文献   

2.
目的 筛选柴胡纳米乳的处方和制备方法,并对其进行质量评价和退热药效作用的研究。方法 对乳化剂和助乳化剂进行初步筛选,再通过伪三元相图筛选处方,并对制备的柴胡纳米乳的外观性状、粒径分布、结构类型、稳定性及含量进行质量评价。进一步将Wistar大鼠随机分成空白对照组,模型对照组,阳性对照组(阿司匹林组),柴胡纳米乳高、中、低剂量组(18.00,9.00,3.00 g·kg-1);除空白对照组外,其余各组大鼠制备发热大鼠病理模型。按照预定的实验要求分别给予相应的药物,于0.5,1,1.5,2,3 h记录各组大鼠的体温变化情况,观察柴胡纳米乳的退热作用。结果 柴胡纳米乳的最佳处方为吐温-80 6 g与正丁醇3 g,柴胡提取物溶于纯水为水相20 mL,柴胡油为油相2 g。室温下制剂为黄褐色澄清透明液体,水包油型纳米乳,平均粒径为(77.21±3.66)nm,多分散系数为0.28±0.04,Zeta电位为(–18.81±1.42)mV,所含柴胡皂苷为3.071 mg·mL-1,具备良好的稳定性。动物实验中,与模型对照组比较,阿司匹林组、柴胡纳米乳高剂量组...  相似文献   

3.
目的制备两亲性聚合物β-环糊精-聚乙二醇-7-乙基-10-羟基喜树碱(β-CD-PEG-SN38)纳米胶束并进行质量评价。方法采用自组装法制备β-CD-PEG-SN38纳米胶束,采用单因素变量法对影响纳米胶束粒径的因素进行了考察,并对β-CD-PEG-SN38纳米胶束的粒径、Zeta电位、形态和稳定性进行评价。结果胶束制备的最佳条件为丙酮作有机溶剂,β-CD-PEG-SN38在丙酮中的质量浓度为1 mg/mL,有机相和水相的体积比为1∶8。该纳米胶束大小适中、粒径分布均匀,为均匀的球形结构。β-CD-PEG-SN38纳米胶束的临界胶束质量浓度为7μg/mL,在模拟的生理条件下具有良好的胶体稳定性,在4℃条件下储存6个月的粒径未发生明显变化。结论β-CD-PEG-SN38在水中能自发形成纳米胶束,粒径均匀、稳定性好,具有良好的胶体稳定性和长期储存稳定性。  相似文献   

4.
《中国药房》2017,(6):800-803
目的:为甘草次酸脂化乳的质量评价提供参考指标。方法:采用冷冻透射电子显微镜检测甘草次酸脂化乳粒子形态,激光纳米粒度仪测定其粒径、多分散系数(PDI)及电位情况;采用超高效液相色谱法测定其中有效成分甘草次酸的载药量;在30℃下放置10 d考察该制剂的稳定性。结果:制备的甘草次酸脂化乳轮廓清晰、结构完整、呈类圆形、排列紧密;平均粒径为(245.2±4.29)nm,PDI为(0.054±0.01),平均电位为(-6.25±0.54)m V;甘草次酸的载药量平均值为(1.25±0.09)mg/m L;质量浓度为0.82 mg/m L的样品在10 d内稳定性良好。结论:粒径、电位、载药量、稳定性可作为甘草次酸脂化乳的评价指标。  相似文献   

5.
以中链甘油三酯为油相,蛋黄卵磷脂和泊洛沙姆188为乳化剂,采用高压乳匀法制备普罗布考亚微乳剂.以平均粒径、多分散系数(PDI)、ζ电位和稳定性等评价指标优化了处方.按优化条件制得的普罗布考亚微乳稳定性良好,平均粒径(168.8±1.5) nm,ζ电位(50.1±1.7) mV,载药量为(4.2±1.6)mg/ml.  相似文献   

6.
目的制备番荔枝总内酯纳米混悬剂,并对其体外抗肿瘤作用进行研究。方法使用反溶剂沉淀法中的超声法制备番荔枝总内酯纳米混悬剂,考察其处方和制备工艺参数;动态光散射法测定其粒径和电位,透射电镜考察其粒径分布和形态;并对其人工胃肠液稳定性进行考察;采用MTT比色法比较番荔枝总内酯纳米混悬剂和溶液对HepG2细胞毒性差异。结果制备方法为将10 mg番荔枝总内酯与1 mg PGDA共溶于1 mL有机溶剂中,超声(250 W)快速注入到5 mL水中,减压旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂,调整总体积至5 mL。番荔枝总内酯纳米混悬剂平均粒径为(146.0±2.4)nm,多分散指数(PDI)为0.184±0.02,Zeta电位(26.0±2.0)mV,纳米混悬剂几乎呈类球型,粒径分布接近于正态分布,分布比较均匀;人工胃肠液内4 h稳定存在,粒径基本不发生变化;对HepG2细胞增殖均有一定的抑制作用,番荔枝总内酯纳米混悬剂组的细胞增殖抑制效果均优于溶液组。结论制备了以PGDA为载体的番荔枝总内酯纳米混悬剂,解决了药物的难溶和给药问题,为番荔枝总内酯的纳米剂型研究提供了参考。  相似文献   

7.
目的:研制雷公藤多苷纳米乳并对其理化性能、稳定性等进行评价。方法:结合雷公藤多苷在不同的油和表面活性剂中的溶解度以及伪三元相图的绘制,研制雷公藤多苷纳米乳,并对其类型、形态、粒径、理化参数及稳定性进行考察。结果:雷公藤多苷在聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油(RH-40)和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯(IPM)中溶解度较大,且以RH-40为表面活性剂,IPM为油相时纳米乳形成区域最大,最终纳米乳配方确定为RH-40∶IPM∶水,重量比为27∶3.3∶69.7,其中可添加浓度小于5%的透皮促渗剂氮酮;制备的雷公藤多苷纳米乳为棕黄色,澄清透明,流动性良好的O/W型纳米乳,该纳米乳粒子形态主要为圆球形,平均粒径为23.6nm,稳定性良好。结论:研制的雷公藤多苷纳米乳是质量稳定的新制剂。  相似文献   

8.
目的 筛选和优化冰片鸦胆子油纳米乳处方,制备冰片鸦胆子油纳米乳,并初步考察其对大鼠脑胶质瘤的抑瘤作用。方法 通过柱前衍生化处理,建立GC测定鸦胆子油中油酸含量的分析方法;采用转相法制备冰片鸦胆子油纳米乳;绘制伪三元相图,筛选最佳处方;透射电子显微镜观察外观形态、激光粒度仪测定粒径分布和Zeta电位;构建大鼠脑胶质瘤模型,以瘤重和瘤体积变化为指标,初步考察冰片鸦胆子油纳米乳对大鼠脑胶肿瘤的抑瘤作用。结果 建立了GC测定鸦胆子油中油酸含量的分析方法,筛选冰片鸦胆子油纳米乳最佳处方为油相肉豆蔻酸异丙酯35%,鸦胆子油(含1%冰片)35%,乳化剂Cremopher RH40 18%,Labrasol 12%,纳米乳外观呈圆整球形,平均粒径(47.60±0.57)nm,PDI为(0.22±0.01),Zeta电位为(1.06±0.12)mV,载药量(0.424 1±0.005 6)mg.mL 1。抑瘤实验显示,模型组、鸦胆子油注射剂组、鸦胆子油纳米乳组和冰片鸦胆子油纳米乳组的瘤重分别为(1.32±0.19),(0.84±0.08),(0.76±0.06)和(0.57±0.10)g,肿瘤体积分别为(72.2±9.4),(44.2±5.1),(42.3±4.9)和(27.9±2.5)mm3,鸦胆子油注射剂组、鸦胆子油纳米乳组和冰片鸦胆子油纳米组的肿瘤抑制率分别为36.49%,42.80%和56.94%。结论 所筛选的最佳处方采用转相法制备冰片鸦胆子油纳米乳,粒径分布均匀,油酸含量较高,稳定性较好。同时冰片鸦胆子油纳米乳对大鼠胶质瘤相对具有较强的抑瘤作用,初步推断冰片可能促进鸦胆子油跨过血脑屏障来提高抑瘤作用。  相似文献   

9.
目的:制备性质稳定、质量可控的来那度胺纳米水凝胶,评价其理化性质并考察其体外透皮吸收情况。方法:通过对药物溶解度的增加程度初步筛选用于制备来那度胺纳米乳的油相、表面活性剂和助表面活性剂;通过表面活性剂对油相的乳化效果进一步筛选油相;绘制伪三元相图,优化表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的质量比(Km)。用激光粒度测定仪测定来那度胺纳米乳的粒径。将来那度胺纳米乳分散于卡波姆940中制备来那度胺纳米水凝胶,考察来那度胺纳米乳的外观、形态、pH值、Zeta电位、稳定性以及体外透皮性能。结果:来那度胺纳米乳的最优处方为辛癸酸甘油酯/RH40/1,2-丙二醇/水=1∶4.5∶4.5∶6.95(m/m)。以此处方制备的来那度胺纳米乳澄清透明,外观透亮,pH值为5.20±0.14,平均粒径为(24.76±0.82)nm,多分散指数为0.256±0.088,粒径分布均一,Zeta电位为-47.33 mV,高速离心后无分层现象,耐寒耐热试验前后无明显差异,稳定性良好。来那度胺水凝胶的累积透过量显著高于原料药,透皮性能良好。结论:该研究制备的来那度胺纳米水凝胶处方组成合理、性质稳定、透皮性能良...  相似文献   

10.
《中南药学》2019,(6):830-835
目的研究熊果酸纳米乳的制备和质量评价。方法考察熊果酸在不同油相、表面活性剂和助表面活性剂中的平衡溶解度,并通过水滴定法绘制伪三元相图,确定最优的Km值和纳米乳处方,研制出适合经口给药的纳米乳制剂。分别采用离心法考察熊果酸纳米乳的外观和形态,通过电导率判断其类型以及使用激光粒度测定仪测定粒径大小,使用电子透射显微镜观察纳米乳形态。用HPLC测定含药纳米乳中熊果酸的含量,同时考察其稳定性、载药量、包封率等。结果优选处方为Cremophor RH40-聚乙二醇400-油酸乙酯(52.5∶17.5∶30,m/m/m)。所制熊果酸纳米乳为澄清或略带乳光的淡蓝色液体,离心后稳定不分层,电导率为33.7 ms·m~(-1),平均粒径(53.09±10.47)nm,呈Gauss分布,纳米乳液滴,外观圆整,大小均一,状态良好。HPLC检测其稳定性良好,包封率为86.5%,载药量为0.425mg·mL~(-1)。结论熊果酸在纳米乳中的溶解度明显增加,所制得的含药纳米乳易于制备且质量稳定,可以通过制作熊果酸纳米乳的方法来提高熊果酸的生物利用度。  相似文献   

11.
12.
13.
Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.
Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.
  相似文献   

14.
This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.  相似文献   

15.
We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.  相似文献   

16.
In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.  相似文献   

19.
20.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号