急性脊髓损伤模型大鼠白细胞介素1β和核因子κB的表达

背景：在脊髓损伤后的继发性损伤过程中,白细胞介素1β参与刺激其他细胞因子和损伤介质的合成。 目的：观察白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂对急性脊髓损伤模型大鼠损伤脊髓白细胞介素1β与核因子κB表达的影响。 方法：采用改良Allen法建立SD大鼠急性脊髓损伤模型,造模后分别在损伤处敷含白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂或仅有生理盐水的明胶海绵,于脊髓损伤1,48,72 h取损伤段脊髓标本,免疫组织化学染色检测白细胞介素1β与核因子κB的表达。 结果与结论：经白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂治疗后,损伤脊髓组织白细胞介素1β和核因子κB的表达均显著降低。说明白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂可通过抑制白细胞介素1β和核因子κB的表达,减轻局部炎症反应,对急性脊髓损伤大鼠损伤段脊髓发挥保护作用。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对大鼠脊髓损伤后运动功能恢复的影响及可能机制

目的观察N-乙酰半胱氨酸对大鼠脊髓损伤后运动功能恢复的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法健康成年Sprague-Dawley大鼠60只,随机分为N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)治疗(NAC组)、单纯脊髓损伤组(SCI组)和假手术组(Sham组),每组20只。采用Allen法损伤大鼠T9脊髓节段,制备大鼠脊髓损伤动物模型。造模成功后15 min,NAC组腹腔注射NAC 150 mg/kg,每日1次,共7次;SCI组和Sham组腹腔注射等体积的生理盐水。于术后1 d、3 d、7d、14d随机抽取各组动物5只,进行后肢功能BBB评分、ELISA检测脊髓组织中炎症因子IL-1β和IL-18水平,Western blot检测脊髓组织中Caspase1蛋白表达水平。结果与Sham组比较,SCI组术后各时间点BBB评分均显著降低,脊髓组织中炎症因子IL-18和IL-1β水平均显著升高,Caspase1蛋白表达水平显著升高(0.05)。与SCI组比较,NAC组术后3d、7d、14d BBB评分均显著升高,脊髓组织中IL-18和IL-1β水平显著降低,Caspase1表达水平显著降低(0.05)。结论 NAC促进脊髓损伤大鼠运动功能的恢复可能与抑制Caspase1表达降低炎症因子IL-1β和IL-18水平相关。     

骨髓间充质干细胞静脉移植脊髓损伤大鼠肿瘤坏死因子α及 白细胞介素1β的表达

背景：研究认为间充质干细胞的营养支持在脊髓损伤治疗中起了主要作用,其同损伤宿主神经组织间的相互作用可导致一些不利于损伤修复的炎症因子表达减少。 目的：观察大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞静脉注射移植对脊髓损伤后肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β 表达的影响。 方法：运用改良Allen法制备大鼠T10脊髓外伤性截瘫模型,随机分为对照组和骨髓间充质干细胞移植组,设未损伤脊髓的假手术组做对照。骨髓间充质干细胞移植组、假手术组均接受大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞静脉注射移植,对照组静脉注射等量PBS。 结果与结论：对照组和骨髓间充质干细胞移植组损伤脊髓肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β蛋白表达较假手术组有明显增加(P < 0.05);骨髓间充质干细胞移植组与对照组比较, 肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β蛋白表达受到明显抑制(P < 0.05)。提示大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞静脉移植后能使损伤脊髓局部的肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β表达程度降低。这可能是改变脊髓损伤区的微环境,减少脊髓继发性损伤,促进损伤大鼠运动功能恢复的机制之一。     

急性脊髓损伤模型大鼠与白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂的保护作用

背景：白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂对大鼠急性脊髓损伤后脊髓功能修复具有保护作用,但具体机制不明。 目的：观察白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂对大鼠急性脊髓损伤组织神经丝蛋白质200和胶质纤维酸性蛋白的影响。 方法：SD大鼠随机分成假手术组,生理盐水对照组和白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂治疗组。采用改良Allen氏打击法建立急性脊髓损伤大鼠模型。分别在建模后1,48和72 h获取损伤段8 mm脊髓标本。 结果和结论：免疫组织化学染色检测,白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂治疗组神经丝蛋白质200和胶质纤维酸性蛋白的表达较假手术组和生理盐水组高,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。提示白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂可使急性脊髓损伤大鼠模型损伤段脊髓神经丝蛋白质200和胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达增加,对急性脊髓损伤发挥保护作用。     

依达拉奉联合甲强龙对大鼠急性脊髓损伤的保护作用

目的探讨依达拉奉与甲强龙联合应用对大鼠急性脊髓损伤神经组织的保护作用。方法选取120只成年SD大鼠,随机分为5组(每组24只):假手术组、急性脊髓损伤组、依达拉奉治疗组(0.3mg/100g)、甲强龙治疗组(3mg/100g)和联合治疗组(依达拉奉0.3mg/100g+甲强龙1.5mg/100g)。采用改良Allen法制作大鼠T10节段急性脊髓损伤模型。应用后肢运动学评分标准(BBB评分)分别于术后1、2、7和14d对各组大鼠进行评分;采用TUNEL法检测各组脊髓损伤组织中神经细胞凋亡率的变化,Western blot法检测各组脊髓损伤组织中凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax和Caspase-3的表达水平变化。结果药物治疗各组大鼠的BBB评分均明显高于脊髓损伤组,且脊髓损伤组织中神经细胞的凋亡率以及Bax和Caspase-3的蛋白表达水平均显著降低,Bcl-2的蛋白表达水平显著增高(P0.05);联合治疗组大鼠的BBB评分明显高于依达拉奉或甲强龙单独治疗组,且脊髓损伤组织中神经细胞的凋亡率以及Bax和Caspase-3的蛋白表达水平均显著降低,Bcl-2的蛋白表达水平显著增高(P0.05)。结论依达拉奉联合甲强龙抑制大鼠急性脊髓损伤后神经细胞发生凋亡,发挥神经保护作用,同时能够减少甲强龙的使用剂量。     

促红细胞生成素抑制急性梗死心肌炎症因子的表达

背景：研究表明,炎症细胞因子可影响心肌梗死后的预后,在心脏重构的进程中起重要作用。同时促红细胞生成素的促红细胞生成之外的非造血效应也被广泛证实：促红细胞生成素可通过与靶细胞膜表面的促红细胞生成素受体结合而减少炎症反应,从而减少心肌缺血后的再灌注损伤。 目的：观察重组人促红细胞生成素对大鼠急性心肌梗死后心脏重构中炎症因子表达的影响。 方法：通过结扎左冠状动脉前降支建立SD大鼠急性心肌梗死模型,分为5组,假手术组注射生理盐水,手术对照组造模后注射生理盐水,SB203580组造模后注射p38 MAPK的高选择性阻断剂SB203580,促红细胞生成素组造模后注射促红细胞生成素注射液,促红细胞生成素+SB203580组造模后注射促红细胞生成素+ SB203580混合液,分别在造模前、造模后1 d、1周、2周及4周进行尾静脉采血,酶联免疫吸附法检测血清中白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α水平变化。 结果与结论：造模前各组大鼠血清白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α检测值差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。假手术组各时段白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α检测值差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),其余4组不同时段各因子检测值呈现造模后1 d最高,造模后4周回降的趋势(P < 0.05)。造模后手术对照组血清各因子检测值较其他组升高明显,而假手术组血清各因子检测值均低于其他4组(P < 0.05);使用药物进行干预的3组中,促红细胞生成素+SB203580组各因子检测值较低(P < 0.05),而促红细胞生成素组与SB203580组各因子检测值差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。提示重组人促红细胞生成素抑制了大鼠急性心肌梗死后心脏重构中炎症因子白细胞介素1β、白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α的表达,重组人促红细胞生成素抑制炎症因子表达的机制可能与转化生长因子β1-TAK1-p38 MAPK信号路径相关。     

脊髓全横断模型大鼠损伤区白细胞介素17的表达

背景：现阶段,针对已知的炎性递质的干预措施对于减轻脊髓继发损伤的效果局限。白细胞介素17是重要的促炎性细胞因子,在中枢神经系统疾病发病机制中的作用正逐渐受到关注。 目的：观察急性脊髓损伤模型大鼠白细胞介素17 mRNA和蛋白表达的变化规律。 方法：健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为2组：模型组制作大鼠脊髓完全横断模型,假手术组仅剪开硬脊膜而不伤及脊髓实质。开放后测定肢运动功能评分观察急性脊髓损伤对大鼠运动功能的影响,苏木精-伊红染色观察脊髓损伤后不同时间点组织病理学改变,实时荧光定量PCR、Western blot分别检测各组大鼠脊髓损伤后不同时间点白细胞介素17 mRNA和蛋白水平表达变化。 结果与结论：开放后肢运动功能评分结果：假手术组大鼠BBB评分均为20-21分,脊髓损伤1,2 d大鼠BBB评分均为0分,损伤后7 d BBB评分为0-3分(P < 0.05)。苏木精-伊红染色结果：与假手术组相比,脊髓损伤6 h后,炎性细胞浸润,神经元和胶质细胞肿胀,神经元突起减少;脊髓损伤12 h后,灰质、白质组织结构疏松、空泡化;脊髓损伤后7 d,胶质细胞增生,组织纤维化明显。RT-qPCR结果显示：白细胞介素17 mNA于脊髓损伤后3 h出现,并于6 h表达出现高峰(P < 0.01),随后表达减少,7 d后表达接近假手术组水平。Western blot结果显示：脊髓损伤6 h后,白细胞介素17表达开始升高,并于损伤后12 h出现高峰(P < 0.05),随后表达减少,至伤后7 d表达接近假手术组水平。结果可见脊髓损伤12 h后组织损伤表现最严重,并与白细胞介素17表达改变存在时间的一致性,推断白细胞介素17可能参与了脊髓继发性炎症反应过程。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程全文链接：     

活性氧在脊髓损伤中的作用及损伤机制

目的研究脊髓损伤(SCI)后脊髓组织中丙二醛(MDA)的动态水平变化和神经细胞凋亡及其凋亡相关因子表达的变化,探讨活性氧(ROS)在SCI后的作用及其分子机制。方法成年雄性大鼠132只,用改良的Allen法复制大鼠急性SCI模型,致大鼠脊髓(T10)中度挫伤,采用化学比色法测定不同时间段受损脊髓组织的MDA含量;免疫组织化学法分析受损脊髓组织区域凋亡相关因子Caspase-3、Bcl-2和Bax的表达变化;荧光原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡。结果SCI后6h,脊髓组织中MDA含量明显增高并维持到损伤后5d,期间在6h和3d出现两次高峰,7d基本恢复正常;SCI后6h脊髓组织中凋亡细胞开始增多,3d达高峰,以后逐渐减少,各时间点与假手术组比较有显著性的差异;Bcl-2和Bax蛋白损伤后6h开始有较多的表达,以后快速增多,5d达高峰,然后逐渐回落。Caspase-3蛋白在损伤后6h开始增多,3d达高峰,以后逐渐减少。3种凋亡相关因子在各时间点与假手术组比较有显著性差异;甲基强的松龙(MPSS)治疗组与SCI组比较:MDA含量、凋亡细胞数、凋亡因子Caspase-3和Bax表达减少,Bcl-2表达增加,并且在部分时间点有显著性差异。结论在SCI后ROS可能通过促进Caspase-3表达和降低Bcl-2/Bax之间的比值诱导神经细胞凋亡,从而加重了SCI继发性损伤。     

脐带沃顿胶干细胞移植对脊髓损伤大鼠炎症因子表达的影响

背景：免疫炎症反应促使大量炎症因子的产生和释放是继发性脊髓损伤的其对主要原因。 目的：探讨脐带沃顿胶干细胞移植对急性脊髓损伤大鼠的神经修复作用及其对炎症因子单核细胞趋化蛋白1和白细胞介素10表达的影响。 方法：81只健康成年雄性SD大鼠,随机分为假手术组、模型组和脐带沃顿胶干细胞移植组(n=27),后两组以脊髓半切方法建立急性脊髓损伤模型,造模后脐带沃顿胶干细胞移植组经尾静脉移植1×10⁶个脐带沃顿胶干细胞。移植后不同时间通过BBB评分评价各组大鼠的运动功能;ELISA检测不同时间点各组大鼠血清中单核细胞趋化蛋白1的含量;qRT-PCR和Western分析不同时间点损伤脊髓组织中单核细胞趋化蛋白1及白细胞介素10的表达;免疫组织化学检测损伤组织中脐带沃顿胶干细胞的迁移和神经分化情况。 结果与结论：与假手术组和模型组相比,脐带沃顿胶干细胞移植组大鼠的神经功能明显恢复(P < 0.05)。脐带沃顿胶干细胞移植组大鼠血清中单核细胞趋化蛋白1水平显著低于模型组(P < 0.05)。脐带沃顿胶干细胞移植组脊髓组织单核细胞趋化蛋白1 mRNA和蛋白表达显著低于模型组(P < 0.05),白细胞介素10 mRNA和蛋白表达显著高于模型组(P < 0.05)。移植组中脐带沃顿胶干细胞可迁移至损伤部位,并表达神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白。这些结果提示脐带沃顿胶干细胞可能通过调控脊髓损伤组织的炎症反应,促进神经修复,这也可能是脐带沃顿胶干细胞治疗脊髓损伤的机制之一。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

大鼠肝脏冷缺血再灌注损伤时姜黄素后处理对肝细胞凋亡的影响

背景:姜黄素预处理可减轻肢体缺血再灌注对肝脏的损伤,但姜黄素后处理对肝脏冷缺血再灌注损伤是否有保护作用及其机制目前研究甚少。目的:探讨大鼠肝脏冷缺血再灌注损伤时姜黄素后处理对肝细胞凋亡的影响。方法:选取成年雄性SD大鼠80只,采用随机数字表法将其分成4组(n=20):假手术组、冷缺血再灌注组、姜黄素后处理组、地塞米松组。使肝脏血流处于完全阻断状态,随后以脾静脉作为流入道和右肾上腺静脉作为流出道注入0℃复方乳酸林格液,冷灌注30min;停止冷灌注后,结扎近端脾静脉和右肾上腺静脉,切除脾脏,随即恢复肝脏血流,完成制作冷缺血再灌注模型。在大鼠冷缺血30min后,姜黄素后处理组经尾静脉注射姜黄素60 mg/kg,地塞米松组尾静脉注射地塞米松0.5 mg/kg,其他组以等量的生理盐水替代。再灌注6 h时经下腔静脉取血,检测血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸转移酶水平,随后处死大鼠,取肝组织检测丙二醛水平;采用苏木精-伊红染色观察肝脏病理变化;Hoechst33258染色法检测肝细胞凋亡指数;Westernblot检测肝组织Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达;RT-PCR检测肝组织促细胞凋亡基因Caspase-9m RNA表达;ELISA检测肝组织肿瘤坏死因子α及白细胞介素1β水平。结果与结论:①与假手术组比较,冷缺血再灌注组天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸转移酶、丙二醛和凋亡指数明显升高(P<0.05);苏木精-伊红染色切片可见肝血窦内有大量炎性细胞浸润,肝细胞嗜酸性变,胞浆内疏松化,肝细胞呈气球样变,偶可见斑片状坏死,散在点状坏死灶;Bcl-2表达下降,Bax表达明显升高(P<0.05);Caspase-9 mRNA表达、肿瘤坏死因子α及白细胞介素1β水平明显升高(P<0.05);②与冷缺血再灌注组比较,姜黄素后处理组天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸转移酶、丙二醛和凋亡指数明显下降(P<0.05);苏木精-伊红染色可见肝血窦内炎性浸润明显减轻,胞浆嗜酸性变和气球样变的肝细胞明显减少,但偶可见少量散在的点状坏死;Bcl-2表达升高,Bax表达明显下降(P<0.05);Caspase-9 mRNA表达、肿瘤坏死因子α及白细胞介素1β水平明显下降(P<0.05);③姜黄素后处理组上述各指标与地塞米松组比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);④综上所述,姜黄素后处理可减轻大鼠肝脏冷缺血再灌注损伤,其作用机制可能通过上调Bcl-2/Bax比值,抑制凋亡启动子Caspase-9mRNA的表达,减少炎性因子肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素1β的释放,发挥抗凋亡的肝保护作用。     

Edaravone effects on the expression levels of collagen type i and iv after spinal cord injury in rats北大核心

BACKGROUND: Edaravone, an effective free radical scavenger, has been reported to significantly improve the rehabilitation of limb locomotion after spinal cord injury (SCI), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism underlying edaravone promoting the recovery of limb locomotion in rats with SCI by observing the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores and expression levels of collagen type I and IV. METHODS: Thirty-six rats were randomly allocated into three groups (n=12 per group): sham group (laminectomy plus intraperitoneal injection of normal saline), model group (SCI model by NYU impactor plus intraperitoneal injection of normal saline), and edaravone group (SCI model by NYU impactor plus intraperitoneal injection of edaravone). All rats were given the administration at the 1st day post-SCI for consecutive 7 days. The Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores were tested at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days post treatment. On day 7, all rats were sacrificed to remove the spinal cord, and the morphology of neurons in the spinal cord were observed by Nissl staining; the expression levels of collagen type I and IV were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot assays. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores in the edaravone group were significantly increased at day 5 post treatment (P < 0.05). Nissl staining showed a clear boundary between grey matter and white matter, and a large nucleolus in the neurocytoplasm in the sham group; there was a complete structure of neurons, slight cellular swelling and small hematoma area in the edaravone group; many and large cavitations and swollen nucleus were found in the neurons, even without nucleolus. Immunohistochemistry and western blot assay results showed that the expression levels of collagen type I and IV in the edaravone group were significantly higher than those in the model group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that edaravone can promote the recovery of limb locomotion of rats with SCI, probably via up-regulating the expression levels of collagen type I and IV. © 2018, Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ激动剂对大鼠脊髓损伤后细胞自噬的影响

背景：过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ受体激动剂具有抗炎和抑制神经凋亡保护作用,能在一定程度上保护脊髓神经元,对脊髓损伤后细胞自噬应激调控等产生影响。 目的：观察过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ对大鼠脊髓损伤后细胞自噬的影响。 方法：将60只SD大鼠分为3组,正常对照组仅做椎板切除,不损伤脊髓,腹腔注射生理盐水;其余大鼠以改良Allen法制作大鼠脊髓损伤模型,过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ组腹腔注射罗格列酮;脊髓损伤组不做处理。损伤后1,3,7,       14 d为时间点并取材,对脊髓损伤区分别进行免疫组织化学法检测,并以Western Blot法检测Beclin 1/Bcl-2的表达变化,同时采用BBB评分方法观察神经功能恢复情况。 结果与结论：大鼠脊髓损伤后第3~14天,过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ组BBB 评分显著高于脊髓损伤组(P < 0.05)。脊髓损伤组和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ组均见自噬相关阳性细胞表达,过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ组细胞自噬程度相对降低,Beclin 1表达较脊髓损伤组降低(P < 0.05),Bcl-2表达较脊髓损伤组明显增加(P < 0.05),神经功能增强(P < 0.05)。提示过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ激动剂在一定程度上降低大鼠脊髓损伤后细胞自噬,对细胞凋亡产生拮抗作用,并在一定程度上可促进神经功能的恢复。关键词：过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ;脊髓损伤;自噬;大鼠;神经功能 缩略语注释：PPARγ：Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor,过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.15.026     

甲基强的松龙影响脊髓损伤后内源性神经干细胞的迁移

BACKGROUND:After spinal cord injury, endogenous neural stem cells are activated to proliferate and migrate to repair damaged tissue. As a clinical medicine, methylprednisolone shows a lot of functions, but its effects on endogenous neural stem cells are still unknown. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of methylprednisolone on the proliferation and migration of endogenous neural stem cells after spinal cord injury. METHODS:Seventy-five Sprague-Dawley rats were used to make animal models of T10 complete paraplegia using Allen’s method, and randomized into methylprednisolone, normal saline and model groups. Rats in these three groups were given intraperitoneal injection of 1 g/L methylprednisolone solution at a dose of 30 mg/kg for 10 minutes and at a dose of 5.4 mg/kg/h for 23 hours, given intraperitoneal injection of normal saline at the same dose and given no treatment, respectively. Neurological and motor functions were assessed by somatosensory evoked potential and Basso Beattie Bresnahan scores at 7, 14, 21, 28 days after spinal cord injury. BrdU and Nestin staining of the injured spinal cord segment was conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A large amount of BrdU- and Nestin-positive cells were visible in all the groups, and the number of these cells reached the peach at 14 days after spinal cord injury. Methylprednisolone was found to inhibit BrdU-, Nestin- or double-positive cells, indicating methylprednisolone can inhibit the proliferation and migration of endogenous neural stem cells. The results of Basso Beattie Bresnahan scores showed no notable improvement in the motor function of the limbs. Methylprednisolone also showed no significant effects on the motor evoked potential latency, but promoted nerve conduction recovery. All these findings indicate that methylprednisolone has some hindering effects on spinal cord repair by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of endogenous neural stem cells after spinal cord injury.     

早期运动训练联合神经干细胞移植对脊髓损伤模型大鼠后肢运动功能的影响

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that neural stem cell transplantation combined with exercise training can promote the recovery of hindlimb motor function from spinal cord injury in rats, but its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of early exercise training combined with neural stem cell transplantation on the recovery of hindlimb motor function in rats with spinal cord injury. METHODS: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats with spinal cord injury were randomly divided into three groups: control group (n=20, given conventional treatment after injury), cell transplantation group (n=20, given neural stem cell transplantation after injury), experimental group, (n=20, given neural stem cell transplantation combined with early exercise training after injury). Recovery of the hindlimb motor function was assessed by Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scale and inclined plane test before and at 1, 7, 14, 21 days after injury. Western blot assay was used to detect caspase-3 and myeloperoxidase expression. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was done at 21 days after injury to observe the structure changes of the injured spinal cord. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scores of Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scale and inclined plane test were significantly better in the experimental group than the cell transplantation group followed by the control group (P < 0.05). (2) In the control group, the expression of caspase-3 and myeloperoxidase was significantly increased at 14 days after injury. In the cell transplantation, the expression of caspase-3 and myeloperoxidase was significantly higher than the experimental group (P < 0.05). (3) Pathological inflammation was reduced most in the experimental group followed by the cell transplantation group. In the experimental group, the structure of injured spinal cord was improved and became relatively clear and intact. These findings indicate that neural stem cell transplantation combined with early exercise training can effectively promote the recovery of hindlimb motor function from spinal cord injury in rats, by reducing the expression of caspase-3 and myeloperoxidase and alleviating secondary lesion of the spinal cord.      

白细胞介素6受体单克隆抗体与骨髓间充质干细胞可减少急性脊髓损伤神经元的凋亡

 BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested that interleukin-6 is crucial for inducing cell apoptosis after acute spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to treat acute spinal cord injury in rats. METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group (spinal cord injury group), treatment group 1 (interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody transplantation group), treatment group 2 (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group), treatment group 3 (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell+interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody group), with six rats in each group. In the sham group, the spinal cord was only exposed with no injury, and in the other four groups, rat models of acute spinal cord injury were made using modified Allen’s method. Local injection treatment was performed in all the groups at 28 days after modeling. Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring and improved Tarlov scoring were used at 1 day before treatment and 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days after treatment to test the hindlimb function. At 28 days after treatment, TUNEL method was used to detect cell apoptosis in the spinal cord. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham group, BBB scores and improved Tarlov scores were decreased significantly in the other four groups (P < 0.05). At 7 days after treatment, the BBB scores and improved Tarlov scores in the treatment group 3 were significantly higher than those in the model group (P < 0.05). At 14 days after treatment, the BBB scores and improved Tarlov scores in the treatment groups 1 and 2 were significantly higher than those in the model group (P < 0.05); compared with the treatment group 2, the BBB score and improved Tarlov score were significantly increased in the treatment group 3 (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly increased in the other four groups (P < 0.05); compared with the model group, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly decreased in the three treatment groups (P < 0.05); compared with the treatment group 2, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly lower in the treatment group 3 (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the combined use of interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation is better than bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation alone in the treatment of spinal cord injury, and interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody reduces cell apoptosis in spinal cord injury, which is of positive significance for preventing against acute spinal cord injury.     

促红细胞生成素促进脊髓损伤大鼠移植神经干细胞存活和迁移

背景：如何有效促进移植入脊髓损伤组织内的神经干细胞存活和迁移,是目前神经修复研究的重点。 目的：观察促红细胞生成素对脊髓损伤大鼠移植神经干细胞存活、增殖和迁移的影响。 方法：将60只SD大鼠随机分为3组,均制备脊髓横断损伤模型。造模7 d,神经干细胞移植组和促红细胞生成素组于脊髓损伤处移植BrdU标记的神经干细胞7 μL(1×10⁹ L^-1),脊髓损伤对照组移植DMEM/F12培养基;促红细胞生成素组腹腔内注射促红细胞生成素5 000 U/kg,1次/d,连续注射7 d,其余两组注射等量生理盐水。于细胞移植后8周取损伤脊髓组织。 结果与结论：造模2周后,神经干细胞移植组和促红细胞生成素组BBB评分明显高于脊髓损伤对照组(P < 0.05),造模4周后,促红细胞生成素组BBB评分明显高于神经干细胞移植组(P < 0.05)。免疫荧光染色显示促红细胞生成素组大鼠损伤脊髓组织BrdU阳性细胞数量及迁移距离均大于神经干细胞移植组(P < 0.05)。说明促红细胞生成素能促进损伤脊髓组织原位移植的神经干细胞的存活与迁移,加速神经功能修复。     

盐酸川芎嗪联合骨髓间充质干细胞移植对脊髓损伤模型大鼠的神经保护

BACKGROUND: Ligustrazine hydrochloride which promotes nerve repair can be applied to the treatment of nervous system injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of ligustrazine hydrochloride combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on electrophysiological property and hindlimb function of rats with spinal cord injury. METHODS: T9 spinal cord transection injury models were made in rats using Allen’s method, and then rat models were randomized into three groups: rats in control group received tail vein injection of culture solution; rats in cell transplantation group underwent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation via the tail vein; rats in combined group were subjected to the tail vein injection of ligustrazine hydrochloride and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that lasted for 4 hours. At 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after modeling, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores and modified Tarlov scores were used to detect the motor function of rats. At 72 hours after modeling, RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and basic fibroblast growth factor around the injured region. At 4 weeks after modeling, somatosensory and motor evoked potentials were measured for evaluation of neurophysiological recovery. At 8 weeks after modeling, horseradish peroxidase tracer was used to assess the regeneration of rat spinal cord nerve fibers; PKH-26 labeling was used to observe the survival and migration of transplanted cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks after modeling, Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores and modified Tarlov scores were significantly higher in the combined group than the cell transplantation followed by the control group (P < 0.05). At 72 hours after modeling, the expression of Bcl-2 and basic fibroblast growth factor around the injured region was significantly higher in the combined group than the cell transplantation group and control group (P < 0.05). At 4 weeks after modeling, the latencies of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials were ranked as follows: combined group < cell transplantation group < control group (P < 0.05); the amplitudes of somatosensory and motor evoked potentials were ranked as follows: combined group > cell transplantation group > control group (P < 0.05). At 8 weeks after modeling, horseradish peroxidase-labeled pyramidal cells in the cell transplantation group and combined group showed apparent crossing signs; the number of PKH-26-positive cells and horseradish peroxidase-positive cells was the most in the combined group followed by the cell transplantation group, and was the least in the control group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that ligustrazine hydrochloride combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation can facilitate nerve cell regeneration, promote the expression of Bcl-2 and basic fibroblast growth factor, and improve motor function in rats after spinal cord injury.      

神经干细胞联合胶原蛋白支架移植脊髓损伤大鼠脑细胞的凋亡

背景：目前的研究表明,从胚胎大鼠大脑皮质分离的神经干细胞在胶原蛋白凝胶中可增殖并分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。 目的：观察神经干细胞联合胶原蛋白支架移植对脊髓损伤后鼠大脑神经细胞凋亡的影响。 方法：取45只SD大鼠制作脊髓半切损伤模型,随机分为3组,造模1周后,细胞移植组大鼠运动皮质后部在脊髓损伤部位注入同种异体神经干细胞悬液,联合组在脊髓损伤部位注入同种异体神经干细胞结合胶原蛋白悬液,模型组不植入任何物质。 结果与结论：移植后1-8周,3组大鼠肢体运动功能均有不同程度恢复,且联合组移植后8周BBB运动评分明显高于其他两组(P < 0.05)。移植后1周苏木精-伊红染色显示3组均可见少量凋亡细胞及Bcl-2抗凋亡蛋白阳性细胞,大量Bax阳性细胞;随时间的推移,3组Bax凋亡蛋白阳性细胞、Bcl-2抗凋亡蛋白阳性细胞逐渐减少,并且移植后8周联合组、细胞移植组Bax阳性细胞明显低于模型组(P < 0.05),Bcl-2抗凋亡蛋白阳性细胞高于模型组(P < 0.05),此时3组均无凋亡细胞。表明神经干细胞联合胶原蛋白支架移植可抑制脊髓损伤后鼠大脑神经细胞的凋亡,促进脊髓神经功能的恢复。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

Effect of cyclosporin A on functional recovery in the spinal cord following contusion injury

Considerable evidence has shown that the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin A (CsA) may have neuroprotective properties which can be exploited in the treatment of spinal cord injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular environment within the spinal cord following injury and determine whether CsA has an effect on altering cellular interactions to promote a growth-permissive environment. CsA was administered to a group of rats 4 days after they endured a moderate contusion injury. Functional recovery was assessed using the Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale at 3, 5 and 7 weeks post-injury. The rats were sacrificed 3 and 7 weeks post-injury and the spinal cords were sectioned, stained using histological and immunohistochemical methods and analysed. Using stereology, the lesion size and cellular environment in the CsA-treated and control groups was examined. Little difference in lesion volume was observed between the two groups. An improvement in functional recovery was observed within CsA-treated animals at 3 weeks. Although we did not see significant reduction in tissue damage, there were some notable differences in the proportion of individual cells contributing to the lesion. CsA administration may be used as a technique to control the cell population of the lesion, making it more permissive to neuronal regeneration once the ideal environment for regeneration and the effects of CsA administration at different time points post-injury have been identified.