涎腺腺样囊性癌的治疗进展

腺样囊性癌多发生于涎腺,是常见的恶性肿瘤.目前,治疗涎腺腺样囊性癌主要是采用以手术为主,辅以术后放射治疗的综合治疗方案,但是该治疗方案对肿瘤局部复发和远处转移的控制效果尚不理想.本文主要从化学治疗、放射治疗和基因分子治疗等方面介绍涎腺腺样囊性癌治疗的新进展,希望能为临床治疗提供一些有效的信息,进一步完善相关的治疗.     

微血管密度和血管内皮生长因子在涎腺腺样囊性癌中的表达

目的研究微血管密度(microvesseldensity,MVD)和血管内皮生长因子(vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF)在涎腺腺样囊性癌中的表达,探讨其与该肿瘤的临床病理关系。方法采用SP免疫组织化学染色方法检测55例涎腺腺样囊性癌中MVD和VEGF的表达,采用SPSS软件行统计分析。结果VEGF在小涎腺腺样囊性癌中的高表达阳性（强度）率明显高于大涎腺(P=0.0398);随着肿瘤分期的增加,VEGF的高表达率明显增加(P=0.0175);而MVD与肿瘤部位、分期差异无显著性。MVD和VEGF的表达与该肿瘤的局部复发、远处转移、区域淋巴结转移、组织类型及生存率无显著的相关性。VEGF高表达组的平均MVD值明显高于低表达组的平均MVD值(P=0.0202)。结论在涎腺腺样囊性癌中,MVD和VEGF作为预后因素需要进一步的研究分析,二者的表达呈明显的正相关。     

涎腺腺样囊性癌的研究进展

涎腺腺样囊性癌是生长缓慢但恶性度高的涎腺上皮性肿瘤,好发于腮腺、颌下腺、舌下腺以及腭腺等小涎腺,其具有局部侵袭性强、血行性转移率高、长期预后较差等典型生物学特征,是近年来口腔颌面部肿瘤研究的热点,该文对国内外涎腺腺样囊性癌研究进展做一综述。     

微血管密度和血管内皮生和茵子在涎腺腺样囊性癌中的表达

目的：研究微血管密度（microvessel density,MVD)和血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)在涎腺腺样囊性癌中的表达，探讨其与该肿瘤的临床病理关系。方法。采用SP免疫组织化学方法检测55例涎腺样囊性癌中MVD和VEGF的表达，采用SPSS软件行统计分析。结果：VEGF在小涎腺腺样囊性癌中的高表达阳性（强度）率明显高大于涎腺（P＝0．0398）的随着肿瘤分期的增加，VEGF的高表达率明显增加（0＝0．0175）；而MVD与肿瘤部位，分期差异无显著性。MVD和VEGF的表达与该肿瘤的局部复发、远处转移，区域淋巴结转移，组织类型及生存率无显著的相关性。VEGF高表达组的平均MVD值明显高于低表达组的平均MVD值（P＝0．0202）。结论L在涎腺腺样囊性癌中MVD和VEGF作为预后因素需要进一步的研究分析，二者的表达呈明显的 正相关。     

涎腺腺样囊性癌的局部复发及远处转移因素分析

目的:探讨影响涎腺腺样囊性癌患者术后局部复发及远处转移相关因素。方法:回顾性分析49例涎腺腺样囊性癌患者的年龄、性别、民族、病变部位、治疗方法、临床分期、病理分型、病理分级、神经及周围组织侵犯、手术切缘等临床资料,通过随访后采用单因素分析,其中有统计学意义的因素再进入分析模型进行多因素的logistics回归分析;探讨各临床病理因素与患者术后复发及远处转移的关系。结果:总复发率为46.9%,远处转移率为30.6%;单因素分析结果显示:病理分型、病理分级、周围组织侵犯、手术切缘是否干净是影响患者术后复发或转移的因素。多因素分析结果显示:年龄、病变部位、病理分型、周围组织侵犯是影响术后复发,手术切缘是影响术后转移的独立因素。结论:病理分型、手术切缘是术后局部复发或转移的独立相关因素,因此对有高危险复发或转移因素的患者尽量做到手术切缘干净并定期追踪随访。     

肿瘤转移抑制基因nm23在涎腺腺样囊性癌表达的研究

目的：探讨肿瘤转移抑制基因nm23与涎腺腺样囊性癌（salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma,SACC)预后的关系。方法：采用免疫组织化学链亲和素法分析52例SACC的nm23表达,并分析nm23与SACC病理学分型、临床分期、局部复发、远处转移和患者生存率的关系。结果：nm23表达与SACC病理学分型、临床分期、局部复发和患者生存率无明显相关（P＞0．05）,而与远处转移呈高度负相关关系（P＜0．01）。结论：nm23能抑制SACC远处转移的发生,并可作为预后指标来预测SACC的远处转移,指导临床治疗。     

EphA2在涎腺肿瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的检测EphA2在涎腺肿瘤中的表达，并分析其临床病理意义。方法免疫组化S-P法检测10例正常涎腺组织、30例多形性腺瘤、30例黏液表皮样癌（MEC）、30例腺样囊性癌（ACC）中EphA2的表达。分析EphA2表达与患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、大小、TNM分期以及复发、淋巴结转移等临床病理因素的关系。比较EphA2在正常涎腺组织及几种常见的涎腺良、恶性肿瘤中的表达差异。结果EphA2在正常涎腺组织中主要表达于腺管上皮，而腺泡细胞几乎不表达。EphA2在正常涎腺组织、多形性腺瘤、涎腺癌（包括黏液表皮样癌和腺样囊性癌2组）中的表达依次增高，存在显著性差异（P〈0．05）。EphA2的表达与涎腺癌瘤体大小、TNM分期、复发和淋巴结转移有关（P〈0．05）。结论EphA2可能影响涎腺肿瘤发生、发展及其预后。     

涎腺导管癌9例报道及文献复习

目的：探讨涎腺导管癌临床病理学特征、治疗方法及预后。方法：结合我院近十年收治的9例涎腺导管癌病例,回顾国内详细记载涎腺导管癌病例报告,对其发病特点、临床表现、组织病理学特征、治疗方法和预后情况进行分析。结果：涎腺导管癌好发于老年人,以腮腺导管癌多见,临床上表现为质硬、界限不清肿块,常伴有神经侵犯症状。主要病理学特征是导管样细胞巢呈实质性、筛孔状和乳头状结构,中心有粉刺样坏死。治疗以手术扩大切除加颈淋巴清扫术为主,辅以术后放疗或化疗。术后易复发,颈淋巴结转移率高,常发生远处转移。结论：涎腺导管癌是一类较少见,且恶性程度很高的涎腺恶性肿瘤,预后较差,癌基因C-erbβ2和p53检测可能对判断早期局部复发、远处转移和生存率有所帮助。     

Paxillin在涎腺腺样囊性癌中的表达

目的：探讨Paxillin与涎腺腺样囊性癌（salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma,SACC）预后的关系。方法：采用免疫组化分析47例SACC的Paxillin表达,并统计学分析Paxillin与SACC病理学分型、临床分期、局部复发、远处转移和患者生存率的关系。结果：Paxillin表达与SACC病理学分型、局部复发和患者生存率无明显相关,而与临床分期和远处转移呈正相关关系（P〈0.05）。结论：结果提示Paxillin的过度表达在SACC中常见,其过度表达与信号传导通路的改变可能与SACC的细胞增殖及癌转移相关,从而促进SACC的远处转移;Paxillin可作为预后指标来预测SACC的远处转移,指导临床治疗。     

63例涎腺腺样囊性癌患者预后相关因素的Cox模型分析

目的 探讨影响涎腺腺样囊性癌(adenoid cystic carcinoma,ACC)患者术后生存的相关因素。方法 回顾性分析1988年1月—2005年10月在我院手术治疗并经病理确诊的63例涎腺ACC患者临床资料,对可能影响患者术后生存的指标进行Kaplan-Meier检验后,采用Cox比例风险回归模型进行多因素分析。结果 63例涎腺ACC患者术后3、5、10年的总生存率分别为77.64%、68.31%、39.26%,无瘤生存率分别为65.73%、57.17%、38.92%。Cox比例风险回归模型多因素分析结果显示:TNM分期、病理类型、神经侵犯、手术方式、放/化疗、局部复发及远处转移是影响患者术后生存的重要因素。结论 高TNM分期、实性病理类型、神经周围侵犯、有局部复发及远处转移等是涎腺ACC患者术后生存的危险因素,能缩短术后生存时间;手术加放/化疗是保护因素。?     

Treatment outcomes of sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma: 30 cases from a single institution

ObjectiveTo establish the clinical features and prognostic factors of sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC).Material and methodsThirty patients with histopathological diagnosis of sinonasal ACC who were treated at Severance Hospital between 1990 and 2010 were included in this retrospective chart review study.ResultsThe 5-year disease-specific survival and disease-free survival rates were 75.3% and 37.2%, respectively. The maxillary sinus (63.3%) and nasal cavity (23.3%) were the most common sites of primary tumour. Most patients were diagnosed with advanced-stage (III/IV) disease (80.0%) and had undergone surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (70.0%). The most common histopathological subtype was cribriform type (40.9%). Local recurrence rate and distant metastasis rates were 26.7% and 23.3%, respectively. The mean time from primary treatment to recurrence was 44.5 months. Sinonasal ACC patients with stage IV and T4 disease had significantly worse survival than those with low stage and T disease. Patients with local recurrence had worse disease-specific survival than those with distant recurrence. Distant metastasis was associated with disease-free survival but not disease-specific survival.ConclusionDespite the frequent occurrence of distant metastasis, early diagnosis and effective local control seemed to be the most important factors influencing the survival of sinonasal ACC.     

影响涎腺腺样囊性癌预后因素的探讨

目的：研究５０例涎腺腺样囊性癌（ｓａｌｉｖａｒｙａｄｅｎｏｉｄｃｙｓｔｉｃｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ，ＳＡＣＣ）患者的肿瘤部位、临床分期、组织学分型及肿瘤转移抑制基因ｎｍ２３、组织蛋白酶Ｄ（Ｃａｔｈｅｐｓｉｎ－Ｄ，Ｃａｔｈ－Ｄ）、金属硫因蛋白（ｍｅｔａｌｏｔｈｉｏｎｅｉｎ，ＭＴ）、增殖细胞核抗原（ｐｒｏｌｉｆｅｒａｔｉｎｇｃｅｌｎｕｃｌｅａｒａｎｔｉｇｅｎ，ＰＣＮＡ）、肿瘤抑制基因ｐ５３的关系。方法：用免疫组织化学反应进行多因素分析，探讨它们与局部复发、远处转移和生存率的关系。结果：影响ＳＡＣＣ局部复发的因素太多，以上各指标均不能独立判断ＳＡＣＣ的局部复发情况；ｎｍ２３和Ｃａｔｈ－Ｄ与ＳＡＣＣ远处转移有明显相关性（Ｐ＜０．０５），表明ｎｍ２３和Ｃａｔｈ－Ｄ在ＳＡＣＣ远处转移中具有重要作用，是预测ＳＡＣＣ远处转移的两项独立指标；临床分期与ＳＡＣＣ患者的生存率有明显相关性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：临床分期可作为一项独立作用的指标来评价ＳＡＣＣ患者的预后。     

Prognostic value of hypercalcaemia and leucocytosis in resected oral squamous cell carcinoma

Hypercalcaemia and leucocytosis are common in our patients with progressive oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, the precise incidence, prognostic value, and correlation with the condition of the tumour remain obscure. A total of 618 patients with oral SCC who were treated primarily between 2007 and 2012 and had serum calcium concentrations and white blood cell count (WCC) measured postoperatively were included in the study. Primary TNM stage, pathological features, and the presence of locoregional recurrence or distant metastasis after comprehensive surgical treatment were recorded. The incidence of hypercalcaemia was 9.1% and that of leucocytosis 7.2%. Hypercalcaemia correlated significantly with size of primary tumour (T status), nodal involvement (N status), TNM stage, perineural invasion, lymphovascular permeation, and recurrence or metastasis of disease. Leucocytosis, however, correlated only with T status, lymphovascular permeation, and recurrence or metastasis. In multivariate analysis of survival, recurrence, metastasis, hypercalcaemia, and leucocytosis were strong independent prognostic factors. Median survival was low if the patient had hypercalcaemia or leucocytosis (179 (range 3–73) days if the patient had distant metastasis, and 43 (range 3–102) days if the patient had locoregional recurrence). The incidence of hypercalcaemia and leucocytosis was high during the course of the disease, and both conditions have an adverse impact on survival from oral SCC. Periodic evaluation of serum calcium concentrations and WCC should be routine during the postoperative period.     

Prognostic value of Ki67 from clinically and histologically ‘normal’ distant mucosa in patients surgically treated for oral squamous cell carcinoma: a prospective study

The frequent spread of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been explained by the persistence of genetically altered mucosa after surgery. This study examined whether clinically and histologically ‘normal’ mucosa distant from the primary tumour (from the opposite cheek) has an abnormal proliferative status, and whether this is associated with poor prognosis in terms of local recurrence or lymph node metastasis. The prospective study included 47 consecutive patients with OSCC. Disease-free survival endpoints were defined as the duration between surgical resection and the diagnosis of recurrence, lymph node metastasis, death or last follow-up. Proliferative status was evaluated by Ki67 expression. The mean Ki67 value (16.5 ± 8.9) in the distant mucosa was statistically higher than that in controls (8.8 ± 2.9). Abnormally high Ki67 values (>20%) were detected in 11 OSCC patients (23%). Multivariate analysis showed that Ki67 value in distant mucosa was a powerful independent prognostic factor, greater than tumour differentiation or clinical stage for the disease-free survival rate; it was statistically negative regarding local recurrence. Some patients surgically treated for OSCC have an abnormal proliferative status in areas distant from the primary tumour. The Ki67 value in these areas is a promising prognostic factor.     

57例涎腺腺样囊性癌的临床研究

腺样囊性癌（ＡＣＣ）约占涎腺肿瘤的１０～１５％。本文报告５７例中，男性３３例，女性２４例，年龄在１８～７１岁之间，以３５～５５岁多见。发病部位以腭部多见，其次为颌下腺、舌下腺。随访时间１～２０年，影响ＡＣＣ最终治愈的原因是局部复发和远处转移，局部复发以颌下腺（８２％）、舌下腺（７１％）多见，复发时间在术后１～１０年，远处转移主要是肺脏（６０％），颈淋巴结转移率为１０％，远处转移多发生在术后５～１０年，由于其远期局部复发及远处器官转移，以及带瘤生存期较长，作者认为使用五年生存率，判断治疗成功与否，随访时间似嫌过短，应对ＡＣＣ至少作１０年以上的随访，随访时应特别注意肺转移。对ＡＣＣ的治疗，除进行根治性手术外，术后应辅助放疗。     

12例唾液腺嗜酸细胞癌临床病理分析

目的:观察唾液腺嗜酸细胞癌的临床和病理组织学特征,探讨其治疗与预后.方法:回顾分析2001年3月—2010年9月诊治的12例唾液腺嗜酸细胞癌患者的临床和病理资料,并进行随访分析.应用SPSS 16.0软件包,采用Kaplan Meier法进行生存分析,并绘制生存曲线.结果:唾液腺嗜酸细胞癌临床多表现为唾液腺无痛性、不规则肿块或颈淋巴结肿大.病理学上表现为嗜酸性肿瘤细胞,异形性明显,核仁显著和浸润性生长特征.手术是首选治疗,术后可结合放疗.本组患者随访6～120个月,7例无复发及转移,1例出现局部复发及远处转移后带瘤生存,2例死于局部复发,1例出现颈淋巴结转移后死于远处转移,1例放弃治疗死于肿瘤进展.随访中2年内复发3例,复发率25％:2年内死亡3例,死亡率25％.结论:唾液腺嗜酸细胞癌是一种罕见的头颈部恶性肿瘤,其病程短、进展快.治疗上首选根治性手术,肿瘤无法彻底切除、局部病变晚期或颈淋巴结转移者需行术后放疗.原发肿瘤分期和颈淋巴结转移是影响预后的主要因素.     

影响唾液腺粘液表皮样癌患者术后生存的临床病理因素分析

目的　探讨影响唾液腺粘液表皮样癌患者术后生存的临床病理因素。方法　回顾经首次手术治疗且有完整随访资料的唾液腺粘液表皮样癌患者 70例的临床资料 ,对各项指标采用乘积限法 (Kaplan-Meier)估计各时点的生存率 ,同时进行序检验 (Logranktest)各组间差异 ,最后进入Cox比例风险模型 (CoxRegression)做多因素分析。全部资料通过SPSS软件完成。结果　 70例唾液腺粘液表皮样癌患者 ,术后 3、5、1 0年生存率分别为 90 6 6 %、88 85 %、86 6 3%。肿瘤直径小于等于 4cm、术前区域淋巴结无转移、临床处于早期 (Ⅰ、Ⅱ期 )、高分化、术后无复发和转移的患者生存期明显长于肿瘤直径大于 4cm、术前区域淋巴结有转移、临床晚期 (Ⅲ、Ⅳ期 )、低分化、术后出现复发及转移的患者。结论　TNM分类、临床分期、分化程度以及术后有无复发和转移是影响唾液腺粘液表皮样癌患者术后生存的重要因素.