急性膝交叉韧带损伤的早期治疗

1989年～1994年，我们共收治急性膝交叉韧带损伤病例20例，现将治疗体会讨论如下。临床资料本组20例，男17例，女3例；年龄14岁～58岁；左侧12例，右侧8例；20例均为韧带完全损伤、断裂，其中前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤15例，后交叉韧带（PCL）损伤5例；ACL损伤中韧带股骨髁附着部断裂3例，带骨片撕脱损伤1例，韧带腔骨附着部断裂1例，带骨片撕脱伤7例，韧带中部断裂3例。其中合并内侧副韧带损伤5例，内侧半月板损伤2例，内侧副韧带加内侧半月板损伤2例；PCL损伤中韧带胜骨附着部断裂1例，该处带骨块撕脱损伤2例，韧带中部断裂2例，其中合…     

儿童前交叉韧带损伤的治疗

目的:探讨儿童前交叉韧带损伤外科治疗的方法及疗效。方法:对17例前交叉韧带损伤的儿童,采取外科手术钢丝张力带内固定。其中胫骨脊附着点撕脱性骨折14例,胫骨附着点撕脱2例,股骨外髁附着点撕脱1例,合并内侧副韧带损伤1例,陈旧性损伤1例。结果:术后随访6月～4年17例3～14周内全部恢复功能,无1例出现膝关节不稳,优良率100%。结论:确切诊断、早期治疗、全面修复是膝关节功能恢复的关键。     

关节镜下治疗股骨髁撕脱性骨折

目的探讨关节镜下治疗膝关节后交叉韧带股骨髁起点处撕脱性骨折的效果。方法 21例交叉韧带股骨髁起点处撕脱性骨折患者在关节镜监控下,了解并处理半月板损伤,再进行骨折复位、空心可吸收螺钉内固定。结果 21例均获随访,时间12～18个月。完整随访12个月时按Lysholm标准评价膝关节功能:优19例,可2例。患者均获得满意疗效。结论关节镜治疗股骨髁撕脱性骨折创伤小,疗效好。     

后交叉韧带胫骨撕脱性骨折的手术治疗

目的 评价膝后内侧入路治疗后交叉韧带胫骨撕脱性骨折的临床疗效.方法 对于后交叉韧带胫骨撕脱性骨折,采用膝后内侧入路显露,采用空心螺钉或聚乙烯线捆绑固定骨折块,术后支具固定,早期行功能训练.结果 12例病例术后6周所有病例均显示骨性愈合,无骨折块移位.术后3月复查后抽屈试验均为阴性.按膝关节膝关节韧带损伤治疗效果判定标准(JOA),优良率为92%.无血管、神经损伤、关节液漏等并发症.结论 膝后内侧入路显露后交叉韧带胫骨撕脱性骨折,采用空心螺钉或聚乙烯线捆绑固定骨折块,手术创伤小,操作简单,固定可靠.     

认知周痹

自2002年1月-2006年1月分别采用小切口与传统切口后入路治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折35例。我们对比分析2种切口手术时间、术中出血量、伤口长度以及疗效结果,报告如下。1资料与方法1·1纳入标准有外伤史,具有腘窝部压痛、肿胀等一般症状,后抽屉试验与健侧对比差别大于10 mm以上,或骨折块较大、后抽屉试验与健侧对比5~10 mm之间者。经拍X线片、CT扫描除外后交叉韧带股骨止点撕脱骨折,明确为后交叉韧带胫骨起点撕脱骨折,不伴有膝关节其他部位骨折者,同时MR检查除外半月板损伤、前交叉韧带及侧副韧带断裂。1·2临床资料本组均为2002年1月…     

半月板撕裂和切除对前交叉韧带断裂力学稳定性的影响

目的探讨半月板对前交叉韧带断裂及重建术后胫骨前向稳定性的影响。 方法收集2017年1月至2018年10月期间前交叉韧带重建患者,排除前交叉韧带部分断裂和多发韧带损伤病例。所有不稳定半月板撕裂均行半月板部分切除术,根据半月板损伤部位及程度进行分组。采用KT-1000测量术前、术后3个月和6个月的胫骨前平移量(ATT)。组间对照采用独立样本t检验。 结果共纳入158例前交叉韧带断裂患者,其中半月板正常组61例,内侧半月板后角撕裂组49例(19例为撕脱<总宽度40%;30例为撕脱≥总宽度40%);外侧半月板撕裂组35例(12例为撕脱<总宽度40%;23例为撕脱≥总宽度40%);内侧半月板前角或体部撕裂组13例(6例为撕脱<总宽度40%;7例为撕脱≥总宽度40%)。术前内侧半月板后角撕裂≥总宽度40%患者的胫骨前平移量较半月板正常患者明显增加,差异有统计学意义(t＝12.141,P<0.01)。术后3个月及6个月,各个半月板撕裂组的ATT值与半月板正常患者相比均无差异(P >0.05)。 结论内侧半月板后角撕裂与前交叉韧带断裂可增加膝关节的不稳定性,半月板部分切除术对前交叉韧带重建术后患者的膝关节稳定性无影响。     

可吸收螺钉结合缝线治疗交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折

正2010年3月~2014年3月,我科应用可吸收螺钉结合缝线治疗29例膝关节交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折患者,效果满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组29例,男23例,女6例,年龄19~62岁。均为新鲜单纯交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折:前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折16例,后交叉     

胫骨平台外侧缘撕脱骨折的特点及临床诊治分析

目的 :探讨膝关节损伤中胫骨平台外侧缘撕脱骨折的特点及临床诊治。方法 :自2011年1月至2015年12月运用关节镜技术微创治疗关节内损伤结合双锚钉内固定胫骨平台外侧缘撕脱骨折29例,男17例,女12例;年龄27~62岁,平均41岁。20例合并前交叉韧带断裂(包含前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折),3例合并后交叉韧带断裂,1例同时合并前交叉韧带和后交叉韧带断裂,3例合并侧副韧带撕裂,2例合并胫骨平台骨折(内侧平台骨折和外侧平台骨折各1例)。术前均行X线、CT及MRI检查明确诊断,在受伤后5~14 d进行手术,平均7 d。采用Lysholm膝关节评分对膝关节术前、术后功能进行评价。结果:手术时间40~125 min,平均85 min;出血量10~30 ml,平均15 ml。术后所有患者获随访,时间12~18个月,平均14个月。Lysholm膝关节评分由术前的52.0±4.2明显提高至术后1年的91.9±1.4(t=-49.24,P0.05)。抽屉试验、Lachman试验及侧方应力试验均阴性,骨折均骨性愈合。结论 :胫骨平台外侧缘撕脱骨折提示合并有膝关节静力稳定结构(关节韧带、关节囊、半月板等)的损伤,甚至关节内骨折。常规要行CT和MRI检查,建议行关节镜探查,防止漏诊,以使患者能得到及时、全面的治疗,为膝关节功能最大限度恢复创造有利条件。     

阔筋膜重建膝交叉韧带

膝交叉韧带损伤是膝关节较严重损伤之一。近年来交通事故致此类损伤明显增加，并因常伴有膝关节侧副韧带损伤及股骨课或胫骨平台骨折，如不仔细检查易造成漏诊。早期不及时治疗，将严重危害膝关节功能，影响生活与劳动，故应引起重视。我院1986～1995年收治21例该类患者，采用阔筋重建韧带治疗，效果满意．现报告如下。临床资料本组ZI例．男19例，女2例；年龄15～54岁；左膝15例，右膝60例；损伤类型：前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤16例，其中股骨悍附着点断裂3例．附着点骨块撕脱1例，胫骨髁间突附着点断裂10例，附着点骨块撕脱2例；后交叉韧带…     

膝后侧入路治疗后交叉韧带止带撕脱骨折

1997年 2月～ 1999年 2月 ,我院采用膝后侧入路治疗 9例后交叉韧带胫骨撕脱骨折患者 ,效果满意。1　材料与方法1.1　病例资料　本组 9例 ,男 8例 ,女 1例 ,年龄 17～ 5 0岁 ,均为车祸伤。孤立性后交叉韧带止点撕脱骨折 7例 ,1例伴前交叉韧带及内侧副韧带断裂 ,1例合并有前交叉韧带、内侧副韧带断裂、内侧半月板边缘撕裂及腓骨小头撕脱骨折。手术均于伤后 3天内施行。1.2　手术方法　麻醉后 ,取俯卧位 ,在气囊止血带下 ,取横纹中 1/ 3为中心 ,作“Ｓ”形切口 ,长约 12ｃｍ。在腓肠肌内外侧头之间显露胫神经及血管 ,并显露腓肠肌内侧头…     

Hybrid Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Introduction of a New Technique for Anatomic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Recently, anatomic or double-bundle reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has been presented in an effort to more accurately restore the native anatomy. These techniques create 2 tunnels in both the femur and tibia to reproduce the bundles of the ACL. However, the increased number of tunnels, particularly on the femoral side, has raised some concerns among authors and surgeons. We describe a technique to reconstruct the 2 distinct bundles of the ACL by using a single femoral tunnel and 2 tibial tunnels, the “hybrid” ACL reconstruction. The femoral tunnel is drilled through an anteromedial arthroscopy portal, which allows placement in a more anatomic position. Fixation in the femur is achieved with a novel device that separates a soft-tissue graft into 2 independently functioning bundles. Once fixed in the femur, the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of the graft are passed through respective tunnels at the anatomic footprint on the tibia. These bundles are independently tensioned, which creates a reconconstruction that is similar to the native ACL. The technique presented provides surgeons with an alternative to other double-bundle techniques involving 4 tunnels.     

膝关节镜手术专用导向器的试制及临床应用

目的：探讨我院自行试制的膝关节镜专用滑臂式导向器用于前交叉韧带(ACL)和后交叉韧带(PCL)重建的临床效果。方法：回顾分析1996年7月--2000年2月应用滑臂式导向器定位，在关节镜下行ACL、PCL重建，随访超过18月患52例，其中ACL重建组33例，PCL重建组19例，重建材料均用深低温冷冻异体跟腱移植，术前及术后18月用Lysholm-Ⅱ评分评定膝关节功能及患运动水平。结果：根据膝关节功能评分(Lysholm-Ⅱ评分)ACL重建组：术前平均48分(36--62分)，术后18月平均86分(58--98分)，优良率90．9％(30／33)。PCL重建组：术前平均56分(42--64分)，术后18月平均84分(56--94分)，优良率89．5％(17／19)。结论：滑臂式导向器定位准确，使用方便，用于关节镜下ACL、PCL重建可获得良好的临床效果。     

A follow-up study of arthroscopic combined reconstruction of anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments with allograft patellar tendon

Objective： To evaluate the therapeutic effect of combined reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament （ ACL ） and posterior cruciate ligament （ PCL ） simultaneously by using allograft patellar tendon under arthroscopy. Methods： From May 2003 to November 2005, 10 cases of ruptured ACL and PCL were fixated with compressed screws and reconstructed under arthroscopy with allograft patellar tendon simultaneously. The clinical results were evaluated according to IKDC, Lysholm, and Tegner clinical rating scales. Results. All patients were followed up for 12-30 months （mean： 18 months ）. At the last follow-up, there was no knee extension limitation and knee flexion was between 120° and 135°, with an average of 128.38°. The Lysholm score of the 10 cases was 66. 5 ± 5. 6 before operation and 89.8 ± 3.4 at last follow up. The difference was statistically significant （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The average Tegner activity score decreased from 6.9 ± 1.7 （ range ： 4-9 ） before injury to 5.5 ± 1. 6 （rang： 2-9） at the follow-up （P=0.53）. At the end of follow-up, IKDC score was graded as A in 4 cases （40.0 % ）, B in 5 （50.0 % ）, and C in 1 （10.0%）. Of the 10 patients, 8 returned to the same sports level as before injury and 2 were under the level. Conclusion. Arthroscopic combined reconstruction of ACL and PCL with allograft patellar tendon has the advantages of minimal trauma in surgery and reliable satisfactory outcome.     

The posterior cruciate ligament arthroscopic evaluation and treatment

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is an anatomically and biomechanically complex structure. PCL injuries are reported to occur in 1–40% of acute knee injuries, with isolated PCL tears less common that PCL tears combined with other ligament injuries. Diagnosis of PCL injuries requires a high index of suspicion, careful physical examination, imaging studies, and systematic arthroscopic evaluation. Surgical reconstruction is recommended for acute PCL tears combined with other ligament or structural injuries, and when there is a negative tibial step off in an isolated PCL tear. Isolated acute PCL tears with a positive tibial step off or flat tibial step off may be treated with rehabilitation and observation and reconstructed later if symptomatic. Arthroscopic techniques of PCL reconstruction are becoming more refined and reproducible and may increase the predictability of this surgery. Carefully documented pre- and postoperative evaluations are required to judge the effectiveness of PCL reconstructive procedures.     

Symptomatic ganglion cysts of cruciate ligaments of the knee: A series of nine cases

BackgroundGanglion cysts of cruciate ligaments of the knee are uncommon, especially because a proportion of them are asymptomatic. Moreover, symptomatic lesions have diverse presentation and are not easily detected in physical examinations. The purpose of this report was to define the relationship between clinical symptoms and the sites of ganglia of cruciate ligaments of the knee.Materials and methodsWe conducted a retrospective review of a series of nine patients treated at our institute for intra-articular ganglion cysts of cruciate ligaments of the knee. One patient presented with pain and an inability to fully extend the knee. The remaining eight patients presented with nonspecific pain or pain during knee flexion and/or extension. The diagnosis and definite location of ganglia of cruciate ligaments were confirmed by arthroscopy. All patients were treated by ganglionectomy using arthroscopic techniques.ResultsSubstantial cyst impingements were observed during knee motion using arthroscopy. At the last follow-up, all but one patient had achieved considerable symptomatic improvement after arthroscopic ganglionectomy.ConclusionWe suggest that depending on cyst location, a more applicable hypothesis for knee joint pain during motion is cyst impingement on the other cruciate ligament or the intercondylar notch.     

膝关节多韧带损伤的手术治疗体会

目的 :介绍膝关节多韧带损伤的手术治疗方法和结果 ,总结治疗的经验与教训。方法 :随访自2008年至2013年经治的26例膝关节多韧带损伤患者,其中男17例,女9例;年龄29~55岁,平均40.7岁。所有患者在关节镜下采用自体或异体肌腱重建交叉韧带,并同时修补内侧副韧带、外侧副韧带及处理内外侧复合体损伤。9例分期手术,其余均采取Ⅰ期手术处理所有损伤。用Lysholm膝关节评分评价手术前后膝关节功能。结果:26例均获随访,时间为0.8~3.2年,平均1.6年,手术平均等待时间为1.2个月。术前膝关节Lysholm评分42.5±4.5(33~48分),终末随访时78.1±3.9(57~95分),随访时评分提高。术后关节活动度均超过90°,内外翻试验正常或接近正常,所有患者在屈70°时Lachman试验阴性。结论 :膝关节韧带多发损伤应首选关节镜下Ⅰ期重建;如无法Ⅰ期同时重建前后交叉韧带,则Ⅰ期先重建后交叉韧带,Ⅱ期重建前交叉韧带;后交叉韧带因多种原因易漏诊,避免因术前准备不充分而分期手术。     

The all-inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a double socket approach

The all-inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction technique places an anterior ligament substitute within twobone sockets rather than true bone tunnels. This approach is accomplished through arthroscopy portals which avoids the surgical exposure and morbidity associated with creating traditional bone tunnels.     

Posterior cruciate ligament injuries

We have studied 48 patients with posterior cruciate ligament injury and 14 knees from fresh frozen cadavers. A diagnosis of posterior cruciate ligament injury was made by the sag and posterior drawer signs and stress x-ray films, the latter being useful in the grossly swollen and multiple ligament-injured knee. For avulsion injury, surgical management gave the best results. Other isolated posterior cruciate ligament injuries did well conservatively. When posterior cruciate injury is part of a multiple ligament injury, the nature of the associated ligament injury and that of the posterior cruciate determine the type of treatment; the posterior cruciate ligament is not more important than other knee ligaments.