胰腺分裂的ERCP诊断及其意义：附14例分析

目的：探讨胰腺分裂的内窥镜逆行性胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ）表现特点及其在胰腺炎病因学中的作用。材料和方法：对临床资料完整的１４例胰腺分裂的ＥＲＣＰ、常规ＣＴ和Ｂ超（ＢＵＳ）表现、血清淀粉酶活性和合并胰腺炎情况等作一分析。结果：（１）背侧和腹侧胰管长度分别为１６．５６±２．５２ｃｍ和５．５５±１．４６ｃｍ。多数病例有背侧（１０／１４）和腹侧（８／１４）胰管扩张及末端括约肌段缩窄（１０／１４）。背胰管内造影剂的排空多延迟（８／１４）。（２）常规ＣＴ和ＢＵＳ检查未见胰腺外形改变。（３）９３％的病例合并急性或慢性胰腺炎。结论：（１）经小乳头插管行背胰管造影为诊断胰腺分裂的必要手段。（２）常规ＣＴ和ＢＵＳ无确诊价值。（３）胰腺分裂患者易因小乳头缩窄使胰液排空受阻而引起胰腺炎。     

磁共振胆胰管成像诊断低位胆系梗阻性疾病的评价

目的探讨磁共振胆胰管成像（ＭＲＣＰ）对低位胆系梗阻性疾病的临床诊断价值。方法对４４例结石、壶腹肿瘤、胰头癌、胆管癌及炎症患者进行ＭＲＣＰ成像，并对照内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影（ＥＲＣＰ）及手术病理结果分析。结果（１）因梗阻部位和程度不同，ＭＲＣＰ对胆胰管各部的显示率为５７．０％～１００．０％；（２）扩张胆管表现为枯枝样、软藤样、腊肠样；（３）梗阻端呈倒杯口状、截断状、乳头状、串珠状、鼠尾状；（４）本组ＭＲＣＰ定位诊断率为１００．０％，定性诊断率为８６．４％。结论ＭＲＣＰ对低位胆系梗阻性疾病定位诊断准确，结合源像对结石的定性诊断特异性较高，对其他病变定性尚待深入探讨。     

核素心肌灌注显像与电子束CT诊断冠心病的对比研究

目的比较核素心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像与电子束ＣＴ（ＥＢＣＴ）扫描对冠心病（ＣＨＤ）的诊断价值。方法对６４例受检者（ＣＨＤ患者５０例，非ＣＨＤ患者１４例）进行了冠状动脉造影、ＳＰＥＣＴ及ＥＢＣＴ检查。结果以冠状动脉造影为金标准，ＳＰＥＣＴ与ＥＢＣＴ诊断ＣＨＤ的灵敏度相近，分别为９２０％和９４０％；ＳＰＥＣＴ的特异性（９２９％）优于ＥＢＣＴ（２８６％），Ｐ＜００５。在判断ＥＢＣＴ结果时，采用不同的钙化积分阈值，对诊断ＣＨＤ的灵敏度和特异性影响很大，故应采用接收器工作特性分析确定适当的钙化积分阈值。结论ＥＢＣＴ虽具有一定优越性，但目前尚不能取代心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像。     

儿童良性部分性癫痫SPECT显像特点

目的探讨儿童良性部分性癫痫（ＢＰＥ）的ＳＰＥＣＴ显像特点。方法２１例ＢＰＥ患儿，在ＥＥＧ监测下，分别在觉醒期（棘波发放间期）和睡眠期（棘波发放期）进行ＳＰＥＣＴ显像，减影处理后重建断层影像。用脑血流功能变化率（ＢＦＣＲ％）数学模型进行定量分析。结果ＥＥＧ监测显示患儿觉醒期背景活动基本正常，睡眠期棘波发放频率明显增多。ＳＰＥＣＴ共见１１７个痫灶，平均每例５６±１６个。ＳＰＥＣＴ显像特点为：①多灶性镜像分布；②主要位于Ｒｏｌａｎｄｉｃ区；③“环形征”；④觉醒期的多处放射性减低区，睡眠期放射性明显填充。ＳＰＥＣＴ与ＥＥＧ的符合率为９３１％（１０９／１１７）。痫灶的ＢＦＣＲ％皆高于对应正常局部脑自然变化的范围（９９％可信区间）。棘波发放频率和ＢＦＣＲ％之间无相关性（ｒ＝０４５，Ｐ＞００５）。结论ＢＰＥ痫灶异常放电时，可致局部脑血流灌注和功能异常     

肝癌的影像学评价:1.5T MRI与常规CT、US比较

目的：探讨三种非创伤性影像检查方法ＭＲＩ、ＣＴ和ＵＳ在肝癌诊断中的敏感性和准确性。方法：５２例经病理及临床证实的ＨＣＣ行ＭＲＩ,ＣＴ和ＵＳ检查。结果：ＭＲＩ常规序列与ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ相比,敏感性以ＳＥＴ２Ｗ及ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ序列为高。对ＨＣＣ检出总的敏感性依次为ＭＲＩ（ＳＥ＋ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ）８５．８９％,ＣＴ７５．６４％,ＵＳ７１．７９％,＜３ｃｍＨＣＣ,ＭＲＩ检出的敏感性为７１．４２％明显高于ＣＴ（５１．４２％）和ＵＳ（４５．７１％）,对于＞３ｃｍＨＣＣ,三者敏感性相似。ＨＣＣ定性准确性依次为动态增强ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ（９２．０６％）,常规ＳＥ序列（８５．９３％）,ＣＴ（８４．７４％）,ＵＳ（７５．００％）,ＳＥ序列结合动态增强ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ对肝癌定性准确性可达９５％,明显优于ＣＴ和ＵＳ。结论：在ＨＣＣ的检出敏感性和定性诊断上,１．５ＴＭＲＩＳＥ序列结合动态增强ＦＭＰＳＰＧＲ明显优于常规ＣＴ和ＵＳ,为肝癌重要的影像学检查手段。     

^99mTc—MIBI心肌灌注显像与电子束CT诊断冠心病的比较

目的比较９９ｍＴｃ甲氧基异丁基异腈（ＭＩＢＩ）心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像与电子束ＣＴ（ＥＢＣＴ）冠状动脉钙化（ＣＡＣ）定量积分对冠心病诊断的价值。方法２１例经冠状动脉造影确诊的病人同时进行９９ｍＴｃＭＩＢＩ心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像（潘生丁介入试验）及ＥＢＣＴ检查，以冠状动脉造影为金标准，以决策矩阵法评价心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ及ＥＢＣＴ的临床应用价值。结果心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像灵敏度为９１％，特异性为８０％，准确性为８６％；ＥＢＣＴ以钙化积分≥１００为阳性标准，则其灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为５５％、１００％及７６％。结论心肌ＳＰＥＣＴ显像和ＥＢＣＴ冠状动脉ＣＡＣ定量积分法均为非创伤性检查法，对冠心病的诊断各具优势及局限性，有互补作用     

青少年胰胆管复合畸形（附四例报告）

青少年胰胆管复合畸形（附四例报告）郑凯尔陈峰蔡锡类例１男，１５岁。因阵发性上腹痛７年，加重１０天入院。Ｂ超示胰腺体积肿大；胃镜示慢性胃炎趋愈合。ＥＲＣＰ示胆总管汇入主胰管胰头段，胆胰共同管过长（２０．２ｍｍ），胰管粗细不均，轮廓光滑，胰管体部见环状图...     

肝胰壶腹部癌的早期X线诊断

肝胰壶腹部癌的早期Ｘ线诊断１０００３９北京军事医学科学院附属医院李凤雏，田素琴中国图书资料分类号Ｒ５７４．５１肝胰壶腹（乏特壶腹）部癌较少见，发病率约为胰腺癌的１／８［１］，较小的壶腹部癌以前报道更少。由于近些年来ＥＲＣＰ、ＰＴＣ、Ｂ超、ＣＴ的应用，...     

磁共振胆管胰管成像的临床应用研究

目的：探讨快速自旋回波（ＦＳＥ）及单次激发快速自旋回波（ＳＳＦＳＥ）对磁共振胆胰管成像（ＭＲＣＰ）的临床应用价值。材料与方法：分析应用ＦＳＥ对３５例胆道系统病变及正常志愿者的ＭＲＣＰ检查，其中２１例行ＳＳＦＳＥ并与ＦＳＥ行对照观察：结果：仅用ＦＳＥ行ＭＲＣＰ的１４例中，９例扩张的胆管经后处理显示清楚，３例显示胰管，５例无扩张的胆道显示不满意。同时用ＦＳＥ和ＳＳＦＳＥ扫描２１例，对胆管梗阻部位和扩张胆管的显示无显著差异；ＳＳＦＳＥ对无扩张胆、胰管的显示分别是７４．４％、５２．４％，显著高于ＦＳＥ的１６．６％、０．９％，对胆囊显示二者相似。结论：梗阻性胆胰管扩张者，ＦＳＥ和ＳＳＦＳＥ均可得到满意结果，而正常无扩张胆胰管的显示，ＳＳＦＳＥ较ＦＳＥ好     

急性局灶性细菌性肾炎的CT诊断

报道了１９例急性局灶性细菌性肾炎（ＡＦＢＮ）的影像表现。本组病例全部经ＣＴ、Ｂ超和ＩＶＰ检查，３例行选择性肾动脉造影（ＳＲＡＧ），结果表明ＣＴ、Ｂ超敏感性优于ＩＶＰ和ＳＲＡＧ。笔者认为ＣＴ观察到肾实质局限性肿大并多层面肾筋膜增厚为该病定性提供了有价值的诊断依据。Ｂ超、ＩＶＰ无特征性表现，ＣＴ与ＳＲＡＧ联合应用对ＡＦＢＮ的鉴别诊断很有意义。明确诊断需抗炎治疗后Ｂ超、ＣＴ复查或穿刺细胞学检查。     

"Blind" evaluation of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma: the "double duct" and other signs.

A "blind" review of 40 "look-alike" ERCP examinations was conducted to determine if pancreatic carcinoma could be diagnosed by ERCP findings alone, and if there were specific findings which occurred only in carcinoma. All 11 cases of carcinoma involving the pancreas were diagnosed correctly, with no false positives or negatives. Irregular (nodular or rat-tailed) pancreatic duct encasement or obstruction occurred exclusively in carcinoma. When the adjacent common bile duct was similarly involved (Double Duct Sign), the diagnostic certainty increased. The results suggest that ERCP is an accurate and reliable method for diagnosing pancreatic carcinoma.     

ERCP、CT、B超对胰胆管下段疾病的诊断准确性

目的 比较ERCP、CT、B超对胰胆管下段疾病的诊断准确性。方法 100例临床表现为梗阻性黄疸，反复上腹痛、恶心呕吐的患均经ERCP、CT及B超检查本组患经手术病理或活检证实为良性病变(胆总管结石)57例，恶性肿瘤31例，其中胆总管癌11例，胰头癌13例，以及壶腹癌8例。上述3种方法术前的定性诊断准确率均与手术病理结果对照。结果 对胆总管结石的定性诊断准确率：ERCP为98％(n=56)，CT为72％(n=41)，B超为61％(n=35)；对恶性肿瘤的定性诊断准确率：ERCP为97％(n=31)，CT为78％(n=25)，B超为63％(n=20）。结论 ERCP对胰胆管下段良恶性病变的定性诊断准确率明显高于CT和B超，但因CT与B超均属无创性操作且对某些恶性肿瘤也有较高的定性诊断准确率，因此在影像诊断中应考虑3项技术优势互补。     

Endoscopic retrograde computed tomography of the pancreas

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and computed tomography (CT) are well established diagnostic studies for pancreatic evaluation. We conducted a study to determine whether performing these examinations in tandem increased diagnostic accuracy. Patients undergoing ERCP with successful cannulation of the pancreatic duct and who could be placed in the gantry of our CT scanner within 30 min were included in the study. The combined examination, or endoscopic retrograde computed tomography of the pancreas (ERCTP), provided additional useful information in several types of patients including those who had intrapancreatic air without clinical abscess, those with apparent total obstruction of the pancreatic duct on ERCP, and those who were post partial pancreatectomy and were being considered for additional surgery. No additional useful information was provided in patients with a normal ERCP or in routine cases of pancreatitis.     

内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影对梗阻性黄疸诊断价值

目的　探讨内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影 (ERCP)对梗阻性黄疸诊断价值。方法　回顾性分析 65例经手术、病理证实的ERCP表现。男 3 2例 ,女 3 3例 ,平均年龄 65 .8岁。全部病例均有不同程度的阻塞性黄疸。结果　本组 65例 ,5 9例ERCP显示异常 ,其中胆道结石 3 5例 ,胆管炎 7例 ,胰头癌 7例 ,胆管癌 6例 ,壶腹部癌 3例 ,胰管内乳头状瘤 1例 ;6例ERCP未显示病变。结论　ERCP对梗阻性黄疸有较高的诊断价值     

恶性梗阻性黄疸的ERCP与CT对照分析

本文对比分析了８２例恶性梗阻性黄疸（包括胆管癌４５例，转移性癌２６例，胰头癌６例及壶腹周围癌５例）的ＥＲＣＰ与ＣＴ表现，主要发现：恶性胆管梗阻部位多位于肝外胆管近侧段；肝外胆管近侧段梗阻所致的肝内胆管重度扩张的发生率，远多于远侧段阻塞，在反映肝内胆管扩张程度、扩张范围方面ＣＴ优于ＥＲＣＰ，而显示病灶肿块直接征象方面ＥＲＣＰ优于ＣＴ。     

Disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome: imaging findings and therapeutic implications in 26 surgically corrected patients

PURPOSE: The lack of ductal continuity between a viable pancreatic tissue and the gastrointestinal tract results in the disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome (DPDS). The purpose of our study is to describe accurately the imaging features of CT scanning and endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERCP) that define the DPDS. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the computed tomography (CT) and ERCP examinations in 26 consecutive patients with surgically proven disconnected pancreatic ducts treated over a 5-year period at our institution. Two abdominal radiologists concurrently defined the imaging features (presence and size of fluid collection along the course of the pancreatic duct, upstream enhancing pancreatic parenchyma, and ERCP abnormalities) via consensus for both exams. Patient demographics, etiology of pancreatitis, surgical treatment, initial CT interpretation, and the delay between symptom onset to correct diagnosis were recorded. RESULTS: A discrete, intrapancreatic fluid collection (average size = 27 cm2 (range, 4-74 cm2) along the course of the main pancreatic duct with upstream viable pancreatic parenchyma was identified by CT in 26 cases. ERCP showed ductal obstruction at the level of the intrapancreatic fluid collection in all patients with extravasation of contrast in 14 (54%). All patients were treated by operation: 15 (58%) by internal drainage into a Roux-en-Y limb of jejunum and 11 (42%) by distal pancreatic resection. No prior CT interpretation correctly identified DPDS. The average delay between symptom onset and definitive diagnosis was 9.3 months (range, 3-36 months). CONCLUSIONS: A discrete intrapancreatic fluid collection along the expected course of the main pancreatic duct with viable upstream pancreatic parenchyma suggests the diagnosis of DPDS. ERCP findings of ductal obstruction at the level of this fluid collection with or without contrast extravasation confirm this diagnosis. Treatment is surgical and requires either internal drainage or distal pancreatic resection for complete resolution.     

Multislice CT cholangiography without biliary contrast agent: technique and initial clinical results in the assessment of patients with biliary obstruction

Our objective was to describe our technique for multislice CT cholangiography without cholangiographic contrast agent, and to present our preliminary clinical results. Thirty-seven patients with suspected biliary obstruction were studied. A multislice CT unit was used with the following technical parameters: 2.5-mm collimation; 7.5-mm/s table speed; pitch 6; 0.8-s rotation time; 300 mA; 120 kVp; 18- to 24-s scan time; scan volume ranging from the hepatic dome to below the pancreatic head; 70-s delay after injection of 150 ml of iodinated contrast agent at 4 ml/s. No biliary contrast material was given; oral iodinated contrast agent was administered to opacify bowel loops. Axial, multiplanar reformatted, and minimum intensity projection images were evaluated. The CT findings were compared with the gold standard techniques: endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) in 30 patients, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography in 5, and intraoperative cholangiography in 2. In 5 patients with ampullary lesions biopsy was made during ERCP, 9 underwent surgery, and 11 US-guided fine-needle aspiration. Bile ducts appeared hypodense within the surrounding enhanced structures. Regarding the site of obstruction, agreement between multislice CT and conventional cholangiography was observed in all cases. One patient presented negative findings on both CT and ERCP. In 31 of 36 (86%) patients, multislice CT cholangiography without cholangiographic contrast agent correctly assessed the cause of bile duct obstruction. Multislice CT cholangiography without cholangiographic contrast agent seems to be a promising diagnostic tool in the assessment of patients with bile duct obstruction. Electronic Publication     

胰管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的CT表现与临床、病理对照

目的 探讨胰管内乳又状黏液性肿瘤的CT特点，并与临床、病理对照，提高该病的诊断正确率。方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的8例胰管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的CT表现，其中男6例，女2例，平均54岁。术前8例均行CT平扫及增强检查，5例行内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）检查，8例患者亦进行了B超检查，1例行MR检查。结果 CT检查发现胰头部囊实性混合肿块6例，胰头颈体部低密度肿块1例，胰腺体积增大1例，肿块最大径5．6～9．5cm不等，增强后表现为不均匀强化，6例肿块边界尚清晰，1例病灶与胃后壁紧密粘连。8例均有不同程度的胰管扩张，无一例出现远处转移。5例ERCP检查，发现十二指肠乳头增大和黏液溢出者3例，胰头体部胰管中断1例，4例全程胰管扩张。结论 胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的CT表现有一定的特点；CT结合ERCP有助于该病的诊断和指导治疗。     

胰腺结核的影像学诊断（附4例报告）

目的：本文对胰腺结核的影像学表现进行分析。材料与方法，４例胰腺结核均经手术病理证实，影像学检查方法包括，超声，ＣＴ和ＥＲＣＰ。结果：超声检查发现胰腺病灶呈低顺声或无回声，可有周围淋巴结肿大，ＣＴ检查发现胰腺病灶及周围肿大的淋巴结呈低密度，此变化在增强扫描时更明显；ＥＲＣ胰管有可受压移位，但无破坏；结论：超声和ＣＴ检查可发现液化，坏死的胰腺病灶及受累淋巴结；ＥＲＣＰ可准确判断胰管情况，超声，ＣＴ和Ｅ     

Radiologic diagnosis and staging of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

IBD CT is the single best modality for diagnosis and staging of patients with suspected pancreatic carcinoma. While carefully performed real-time US is an excellent technique for determining the level and etiology of bile duct obstruction, it is of more limited value for diagnosis of tumors in the body and tail of the gland, and is less accurate than IBD CT for assessment of tumor resectability. Thus, most patients require IBD CT for accurate, nonoperative staging. ERCP and angiography continue to be useful adjunctive procedures for evaluation of patients with suspected pancreatic carcinoma, particularly for evaluation of equivocal CT or US findings. An isolated pancreatic mass, that is, a mass with no ancillary CT or US findings of carcinoma (local extension, distant metastases), is a non-specific finding and requires further evaluation with either ERCP or angiography, and perhaps most importantly, with FNAB. Other neoplasms may mimic pancreatic ductal carcinoma, particularly islet cell carcinoma and lymphoma. Pancreatitis also can result in a focal pancreatic mass, simulating a neoplasm. These diseases usually respond to therapy and thus it is essential to confirm the radiologic diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma with biopsy, particularly if surgery is not planned or if chemoradiation therapy is anticipated.