人肺腺癌细胞经化疗药物作用后对LAK细胞的敏感性

在体外实验中研究了８种化疗药物作用后的个旧人肺腺癌细胞（ＧＬＣ－８２）对ＬＡＫ细胞的敏感性。ＧＬＣ－８２细胞本身对化疗药物不敏感，经药物作用２４小时后用３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ释放法检测ＬＡＫ细胞对其杀伤率。结果表明：顺铂（ＣＤＤＰ）、卡铂（Ｃａｒｂｏ）、阿霉素（ＡＤＭ）、丝裂霉素（ＭＭＣ）及长春新硷（ＶＣＲ）处理后的ＧＬＣ－８２细胞对ＬＡＫ细胞的敏感性增强；环磷酰胺（ＣＴＸ）、足叶乙甙（ＶＰ１６）及５－氟脲嘧啶（５－Ｆｕ）则无明显影响。实验提示：对化疗不敏感的肺腺癌用ＣＤＤＰ、Ｃａｒｂｏ、ＡＤＭ、ＭＭＣ及ＶＣＲ后加用ＬＡＫ细胞可提高肺癌治疗的有效率。     

3H—TdR法检测LAK细胞活性的建立及人肺腺癌细胞株（GLC—82）对LAK细胞的…

用３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ释放法检测了个旧人肺腺癌细胞株（ＧＬＣ－８２），小鼠肥大细胞瘤（Ｐ８１５）及人红白血病细胞株（Ｋ５６２）对自然杀伤细胞（ＮＫ细胞），洒巴因子激活的杀伤细胞（ＬＡＫ细胞）的敏感性。结果表明：用３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ释放法检测ＮＫ、ＬＡＫ细胞活性具有灵敏、准确、重复性好的优点，适用于国内一般实验室开展；ＧＬＣ－８２细胞对ＮＫ细胞不敏感，而对ＬＡＫ细胞敏感，提示人肺腺癌用ＬＡＫ细胞治疗可能有效，ＧＬ     

抗人胰腺癌单克隆抗体介导LAK细胞体外体内抗胰腺癌作用的研究

体外４小时５１Ｃｒ释放试验表明，抗人胰腺癌单克隆抗体（ＹＰＣ３ＭｃＡｂ）能增强ＬＡＫ细胞对Ｃａｐａｎ－２人胰腺癌细胞的杀伤作用，这种ＬＡＫ细胞的抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒作用（ＡＤＣＣ），随ＹＰＣ３ＭｃＡｂ的浓度增加而加强，５０μｇ／ｍｌ的ＹＰＣ３ＭｃＡｂ增加ＬＡＫ细胞的杀伤率约６０％。而对照抗体无此作用。裸鼠体内实验表明，ＹＰＣ３ＭｃＡｂ和ＬＡＫ细胞同时使用，能完全阻止Ｃａｐａｎ－２细胞的生长，优于ＬＡＫ细胞、脾细胞和ＹＰＣ３ＭｃＡｂ的分别作用。结果提示，ＹＰＣ３ＭｃＡｂ和ＬＡＫ细胞的联合应用，对胰腺癌治疗有一定价值。     

￣3H─TdR法检测LAK细胞活性的建立及人肺腺癌细胞株（GLC─82）对LAK细胞的敏感性

用３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ释放法检测了个旧人肺腺癌细胞株（ＧＬＣ─８２），小鼠肥大细胞瘤（Ｐ８１５）及人红白血病细胞株（Ｋ５６２）对自然杀伤细胞（ＮＫ细胞），淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞（ＬＡＫ细胞）的敏感性。结果表明：用３Ｈ─ＴｄＲ释放法检测ＮＫ、ＬＡＫ细胞活性具有灵敏、准确、重复性好的优点，适用于国内一般实验室开展；ＧＬＣ─８２细胞对ＮＫ细胞不敏感，而对ＬＡＫ细胞敏感，提示人肺腺癌用ＬＡＫ细胞治疗可能有效，ＧＬＣ─８２细胞可作为检测ＬＡＫ细胞活性的靶细胞。     

视黄酸对胃癌细胞生长和p53及c—myc基因表达的影响

目的：探讨视黄酸对胃癌细胞生长和基因表达的影响。方法：以ＭＴＴ法测定细胞生长，软琼脂集落形成实验测定癌细胞恶性程度，Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ测定Ｐ５３及ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达水平。结果：１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ全反式视黄酸（ＡＴＲＡ）能够有效地抑制ＭＧｅ８０－３和ＢＧＣ－８２３细胞生长，但不能抑制ＭＫＮ４５细胞生长，ＡＴＲＡ还能够降低了３株胃癌细胞形成集落的能力。ＭＧｃ８０－３和ＧＢＣ－８２３细胞经ＡＴＲ     

粘附性淋巴因子活化的杀伤细胞抗自体白血病细胞作用的研究

建立了一套培养和处理粘附ＬＡＫ细胞（Ａ－ＬＡＫ）的系统，将１２例缓解期急性髓系白血病（ＡＭＬ）患者（ＲＰＳ）的Ａ－ＬＡＫ细胞与常规制备ＬＡＫ细胞（ＲＴ－ＬＡＫ）进行了对照研究，结果显示ＲＰＳ－Ａ－ＬＡＫ细胞于培养第１０天时其扩增指数（２０．１±１３．９）较ＲＴ－ＬＡＫ细胞的扩增指数（７．５±２．１）明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。形态学研究显示Ａ－ＬＡＫ细胞主要由大颗粒淋巴细胞组成，免疫表型分析显示其主要由ＣＤ１６＋的ＮＫ细胞组成，ＲＴ－ＬＡＫ细胞主要由ＣＤ３＋的Ｔ细胞组成。其杀伤活性与ＣＤ１６＋ＮＫ细胞之间有很好的相关性（ｒ＝０．８２，Ｐ＜０．０５）。这提示ＣＤ１６＋ＮＫ细胞是Ａ－ＬＡＫ细胞的主要组成细胞，代表了杀伤功能最强的亚群。     

CD3单克隆抗体激光活细胞的体外抗肿瘤作用

目的：观察ＣＤ３单克隆抗体激活的杀伤细胞的体外杀伤肿瘤作用。方法;采用ＭＴＴ法测定不同时期ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞的杀伤活性。结果：培养到第４天的ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞已有的杀伤活性,第１０天达高峰;ＣＤ３ＡＫ对Ｋ５６２,Ｈ７４０２和ＭＮＫ４５肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性显著高地ＬＡＫ和ＮＫ细胞,对Ｈｅｌａ－３肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性略低于ＬＡＫ细胞。     

CD3单克隆抗体活化的杀伤细胞对人胃癌细胞株MNK45体外杀伤及…

用人的外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）与抗ＣＤ３单克隆抗体和基因重组的人ＩＬ－２，共同培养制备ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞，ＰＢＭＣ与ｒＩＬ－２共同培养制备ＬＡＫ细胞，用单纯ＰＢＭＣ作为对照细胞。对这三种细胞的增殖及在体外和裸鼠体内的抗人胃癌细胞株ＭＮＫ４５作用进行了实验研究。体外试验结果表明，ＣＤ３ＡＫ对ＭＮＫ４５有明显杀伤作用，而ＬＡＫ细胞杀伤率较低，二者差异有非常显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）；用ＭＴＴ法和台盼蓝     

L－缬氨酸浓度对胃癌细胞DNA合成率及超微结构的影响

采用３Ｈ－胸腺嘧啶核苷（３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）掺入法观察Ｌ－缬氨酸（Ｌ－Ｖａｌ，必需氨基酸）浓度对胃癌细胞株（ＭＫＮ４５，ＭＫＮ２８）与非癌对照细胞ＤＮＡ合成率的影响，发现剥夺基础培养液中Ｌ－Ｖａｌ可明显阻碍胃癌细胞ＤＮＡ的合成（Ｐ＜０．０５）；透射电镜显示胃癌细胞线粒体肿胀、空泡形成及微绒毛减少等变化。Ｌ－Ｖａｌ含量倍或剥夺基础培养中Ｌ－蛋氨酸（必需氨基酸）不影响胃癌细胞的增殖速率。Ｌ－Ｖａｌ浓度对两株非癌细胞ＤＮＡ合成影响不大。本实验结果可为配制胃癌不平衡氨基酸治疗液提供依据。     

CD_3单克隆抗体活化的杀伤细胞对人胃癌细胞株MNK_（45）体外杀伤及裸鼠体

用人的外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）与抗ＣＤ３单克隆抗体和基因重组的人ＩＬ－２，共同培养制备ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞（ＣＤ３ＭｃＡｂＡｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄＫｉｌｌｅｒＣｅｌｌｓ），ＰＢＭＣ与ｒＩＬ－２共同培养制备ＬＡＫ细胞，用单纯ＰＢＭＣ作为对照细胞。对这三种细胞的增殖及在体外和裸鼠体内的抗人胃癌细胞株ＭＮＫ４５作用进行了实验研究。体外试验结果表明，ＣＤ３ＡＫ对ＭＮＫ４５有明显杀伤作用，而ＬＡＫ细胞杀伤率较低，二者差异有非常显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）；用的ＭＴＴ法和台盼蓝活细胞计数法测定这三种细胞的增殖能力和细胞数量的增加，表明ＣＤ３ＡＫ的增殖能力和扩增数量均明显高于ＬＡＫ细胞（Ｐ＜０．０１）。裸鼠体内试验结果显示，对照组及ＬＡＫ组全部长出瘤结节，而ＣＤ３ＡＫ组无一例长出皮下结节，且生存期明显长于前者。     

顺铂预处理化疗通过免疫调节增强CIK细胞对B16恶性黑色素瘤的抑制作用

目的 观察顺铂( Cisplatin,DDP)预处理化疗联合CIK细胞对B16恶性黑色素瘤的抑制作用,探讨DDP预处理化疗增强细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(cytokine - induced killer cells,CIK cells)抑瘤作用的潜在机制.方法 建立C57BL/6小鼠B16黑色素瘤模型,测量肿瘤体积,绘制...     

记忆性干细胞样T细胞在肿瘤治疗应用中的研究进展

记忆性干细胞样T细胞(stem memory T cells,TSCM)是最近几年发现的一个细胞亚群,约占外周血中总的CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞的2％～4％,是记忆性T细胞的早期分化阶段,具有记忆性细胞和干细胞的特点,基因谱介于初始T细胞和中央记忆T细胞之间.记忆性干细胞样T细胞具有自我更新和长期存活能力,这些特点使它们成为肿瘤领域关注的热点.本文将简述记忆性干细胞样T细胞的一些特点,以及它们在肿瘤治疗中的应用.     

Cell of origin of lung cancer

Lung cancer is a devastating disease and a major therapeutic burden with poor survival rates. The discovery of rare cells with stem cell‐like properties in solid tumours is emerging as an important area of cancer research and may help explain the resistance of these tumours to current therapeutics. Despite rapid developments in cancer stem cell research in other solid tumours, progress in the lung has been hampered by an incomplete understanding of the epithelial stem cell hierarchy, the heterogeneity of disease and the lack of a suitable in vivo transplantation model to assess stem cell behaviour. In this review we critically discuss what is currently known about the role of normal stem cells and cancer‐initiating cells in lung tumour development, and briefly discuss strategies aimed at advancing the field of lung stem cell biology, with an emphasis on the design and manipulation of state‐of‐art mouse models.     

Pancreatic cancer microenvironment

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains an extremely aggressive malignancy that is virtually therapy-resistant and has therefore one of the worst prognoses of all human cancers. The focus of research, which had been placed mostly on genetic and epigenetic alterations of the cancer cells themselves, has shifted gradually towards the microenvironment. The cancer microenvironment consists of various components, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, and endocrine cells, that interact with each other and the cancer cells in a complex fashion. This interplay has implications for pancreatic cancer cell growth, migration and invasion, angiogenesis, and immunological recognition of cancer cells. Evidence is accumulating that the cancer microenvironment plays an active role in disease progression, and efforts are being made to target this interplay between cancer cells and host cells to improve the outcome of this deadly disease.     

Tumor-specific T Cells which Form Clusters with Dendritic Cells and Tumor Cells and Deliver Macrophage-activating Factors

T cells prepared from tumor (Meth A)-bearing mice were cocultured with homologous tumor cells and splenic dendritic cells to enrich tumor-specific T cells by the separation of clusters. T blasts generated from clusters were capable of inhibiting the in vivo tumor cell growth. The culture supernatant of clustering cells (CLSN) was effective in activating macrophages (MØ) to be cytostatic and cytocidal against tumor cells. Moreover, it was found that CLSN contains at least 3 distinct factors; one was identified as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and the others are so far unidentified, but one acts synergistically with IFN-γ, possibly as the second signal, and the other cooperates with lipopolysaccharide but not with IFN-γ. We propose that the tumor-specific T cells secrete soluble mediators which cooperate with each other in MØ activation against tumor cells.     

一种简单γδT细胞扩增培养方法及其抗肿瘤生物学功能研究

目的 :建立一种特异快速地诱导扩增人外周血γδT细胞的方法 ,并比较了γδT细胞 ,NK和LAK细胞的抗肿瘤的生物学特性。方法 :收集用不同单抗分别包被粘附的细胞 ,然后通过MACS细胞分选仪的分选 ,获取的细胞进行细胞增殖动力学、细胞表型、细胞杀伤活性的测定以及单抗阻断效应的分析。结果 :经MACS分离得到的γδT细胞 ,培养 2周后细胞数扩增 6 0 0～ 80 0倍 ,CD3,CD8和γδ细胞表达阳性率分别是 72 .2 9% ,5 8.0 2 %和 6 5 .98%。γδT细胞对NK敏感细胞K5 6 2以及NK不敏感细胞Raji和XG 7这 3种不同靶细胞均有较高的杀伤率 ,分别为 35 .98% ,5 2 .2 7%和 6 9.0 8% ;NK细胞对此 3种细胞的杀伤率分别是 45 2 1% ,12 .34%和 11.94% ;LAK细胞的杀伤率分别为 44 .0 1% ,2 9.2 7%和 2 5 .6 8%。γδT细胞对经MHC Ⅰ类单抗阻断前后的K5 6 2 ,Raji和XG 73种靶细胞的杀伤率无明显改变。结论 :γδT细胞、NK细胞和LAK细胞都具有一定的非特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞的作用 ;γδT细胞对MHC Ⅰ类单抗阻断后的肿瘤细胞的杀伤无明显变化。提示γδT细胞较NK细胞和LAK细胞有更广泛的抗瘤谱     

胎儿LAK细胞治疗中晚期肝癌的疗效观察

自1989年1月至1991年10月,我们应用6~7个月龄的胎儿脾脏细胞和白细胞介素-2(IL-2)共培养3天后制备成胎儿LAK细胞,静脉输注或肝动脉插管灌注治疗中晚期肝癌18例.结果疼痛减轻16例,占88.9%;食欲增加14例,占77%;临床完全缓解2例,占11%;部分缓解14例,占77%;总有效率占88.9%(16/18).而且LAK细胞治疗后患者周围血OKT_4比率升高,OKT_8比率下降,说明治疗后患者免疫功能有一定改善.结果提示:①胎儿脾脏含有丰富的LAK前身细胞;②胎儿LAK细胞治疗中晚期肝癌有明显疗效.     

Ovarian tumor initiating cell populations persist following paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy treatment in vivo

Development of recurrent platinum resistant disease following chemotherapy presents a challenge in managing ovarian cancer. Using tumors derived from genetically defined mouse ovarian cancer cells, we investigated the stem cell properties of residual cells post-chemotherapy. Utilizing CD133 and Sca-1 as markers of candidate tumor initiating cells (TIC), we determined that the relative levels of CD133⁺ and Sca-1⁺ cells were unaltered following chemotherapy. CD133⁺ and Sca-1⁺ cells exhibited increased stem cell-related gene expression, were enriched in G₀/G₁-early S phase and exhibited increased tumor initiating capacity, giving rise to heterogeneous tumors. Our findings suggest that residual TICs may contribute to recurrent disease.     

Formation of solid tumors by a single multinucleated cancer cell

BACKGROUND:

Large multinucleated cells (MNCs) commonly exist in tumorigenic cancer cell lines that are used widely in research. However, the contributions of MNCs to tumorigenesis are unknown.

METHODS:

In this study, MNCs were characterized in the murine fibrosarcoma cell line UV‐2237 in vitro and in vivo at the single‐cell level.

RESULTS:

The authors observed that MNCs originated from a rare subpopulation of mononuclear cells and were positive for a senescent marker, β‐galactosidase. In addition, MNCs were responsible for the majority of clonogenic activity when cultured in hard agar; they were more resistant to chemotherapeutic agents than mononuclear cells; they could undergo asymmetric division (producing mononuclear cells) and self‐renewal in vitro and in vivo; and, most important; a single MNC produced orthotopic, subcutaneous tumors (composed mainly of mononuclear cells) that gave rise to spontaneous lung metastases in nude mice.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current results indicated that the growth of MNCs may be arrested under stress and that MNCs are highly resistant to chemotherapy and can generate clonal, orthotopic, metastatic tumors. Cancer 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society.