应激性高血糖对急性心肌梗死患者心功能的影响

目的 探讨应激性高血糖对非糖尿病急性ST段抬高性心肌梗死(STEMI)患者心功能及住院期间并发症的影响.方法 对62例既往无糖尿病病史的STEMI患者分为应激性高血糖(A)组和非应激性高血糖(B)组.根据非糖尿病患者急性心肌梗死(AMI)后24 h内(空腹>8 h,静脉未应用葡萄糖注射液的患者)空腹血糖≥6.1 mmol/L作为应激性高血糖的判定标准.A组34例,B组28例.所有患者于入院第2周行心脏超声检查,测定左室舒张末期内径(LVDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVDS)、射血分数(EF)及短轴缩短率(FS).比较两组心功能的差异,并且观察患者在住院期间内并发症的发生情况.结果 A组的EF和FS均明显低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).多元回归分析发现:血糖与AMI患者的心功能独立相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).AMI伴发应激性高血糖者住院期间并发症的发生较非应激性高血糖者有增多趋势,因病例数较少未行统计学处理.结论 AMI伴发应激性高血糖者的心功能明显低于非应激性高血糖者.血糖是AMI患者独立且与心功能有关的因素.     

Identifying and managing acute coronary syndrome

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a term used to describe the acute myocardial ischaemic syndromes of unstable angina, non ST-elevation myocardial infarction and ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Despite diagnostic and therapeutic developments over the past decade the quality of care for many patients suffering from ACS remains suboptimal. This paper describes the pathophysiology, assessment and management of patients with ACS.     

Dressler's syndrome demonstrated by late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance

A 49-year old patient presented late with an anterolateral ST-elevation myocardial infarction and was treated with rescue angioplasty to an occluded left anterior descending artery. Her recovery was complicated by low-grade pyrexia and raised inflammatory markers. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance 5 weeks after the acute presentation showed transmural infarction and global late gadolinium enhancement of the pericardium in keeping with Dressler''s syndrome.     

Adenosine myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomographic stress testing 24-72 h after uncomplicated myocardial infarction

Safety of performing adenosine myocardial perfusion stress testing as early as 24 h after acute uncomplicated myocardial infarction is not known. We evaluated 31 (14 females and 17 males, average age 72, range 46–89 years) consecutive patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction, who underwent adenosine myocardial perfusion stress imaging, 24–72 h after infarction for risk stratification. Adenosine was infused at a rate of 140 g/kg/min for 6 min. Twenty patients were presented with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Eleven patients were admitted with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Patients were monitored for signs of complication during and immediately after the stress test. The average time from admission to performance of stress tests was 51 ± 19 h, ranging from the minimum of 24 h to maximum 72 h. No complications related to adenosine infusion were detected. In conclusion, our data suggest that a further large study of early adenosine myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging may be safe in a carefully selected group of patients after uncomplicated myocardial infarction.     

Overview of contemporary reperfusion strategies in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction

The rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque in an epicardial coronary artery with subsequent occlusive coronary thrombosis has been established as the decisive event in the pathogenesis of an acute coronary syndrome, which encompasses the clinical entities of unstable angina, non-ST- and ST-elevation myocardial infarction. This article focuses on contemporary treatment strategies for patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and reviews the role of pharmacologic thrombolysis and mechanical reperfusion by percutaneous transluminal approaches. Statements of the latest guidelines for the treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction are included, as well as some recently distributed information not covered by the guideline publications. Finally, some future perspectives for the treatment of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction are outlined.     

Overview of contemporary reperfusion strategies in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction

The rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque in an epicardial coronary artery with subsequent occlusive coronary thrombosis has been established as the decisive event in the pathogenesis of an acute coronary syndrome, which encompasses the clinical entities of unstable angina, non-ST- and ST-elevation myocardial infarction. This article focuses on contemporary treatment strategies for patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction and reviews the role of pharmacologic thrombolysis and mechanical reperfusion by percutaneous transluminal approaches. Statements of the latest guidelines for the treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction are included, as well as some recently distributed information not covered by the guideline publications. Finally, some future perspectives for the treatment of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction are outlined.     

Acute coronary syndromes: identification and patient care

Acute coronary syndromes comprise acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and unstable angina. These three conditions share a very similar pathology, although treatments differ. This paper examines the pathophysiology, identification, classification and management of these conditions.     

Prognostic implications of arrhythmias during primary percutaneous coronary interventions for ST-elevation myocardial infraction

The authors reviewed current knowledge on occurrence, clinical and prognostic significance, and management of sustained ventricular arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation and bradyarrhythmias in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Cardiac arrhythmias worsen clinical course and prognosis in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary PCI. Sustained ventricular arrhythmias developing during or early after PCI and associated with mechanical restoration of coronary flow and reperfusion do not affect mortality, whereas those related to incomplete revascularization and ongoing ischemia are associated with poor prognosis. New-onset atrial fibrillation increases mortality and stroke rates in patients undergoing primary PCI. Among bradyarrhythmias, high-degree atrioventricular block is associated with short- and long-term mortality. Prompt and complete revascularization is the cornerstone of arrhythmia management. Arrhythmias related to reperfusion do not usually require specific treatment, whereas those because of ongoing ischemia, incomplete revascularization and presence of substrate require adequate management including nonpharmacological and pharmacological therapies.     

替罗非班在急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的安全性及临床预后的研究

目的:评估替罗非班用于急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗时的安全性及临床疗效。方法:将确诊为急性ST段抬高心肌梗死的患者60例随机分为替罗非班组和对照组,替罗非班组给予冠脉内或静脉内注射负荷剂量后静脉滴注替罗非班。观察两组患者冠脉介入治疗后心电图、心肌酶变化,左室射血分数以及术后发生出血不良反应的情况。结果:替罗非班组术后7d左室射血分数较对照组有明显提高(P<0.05)。患者术后2h心电图ST段恢复程度更高,住院期间及30d、3个月临床复合终点事件发生率方面有下降趋势,但差异无统计学意义。临床出血并发症差异无统计学意义。结论:对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉介入治疗时联合应用血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班安全有效。     

Survival after left ventricular free wall rupture following acute myocardial infarction by conservative treatment

Left ventricular free wall rupture (LVFWR) is a rare and fatal mechanical complication following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Cases of survival after LVFWR due to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with a conservative treatment strategy are extremely rare. In this case, a 55-year-old male patient with several cardiovascular risk factors presented to the emergency department with symptoms of ongoing chest pain and syncope. The patient's electrocardiogram was in sinus rhythm with ST-elevation on I, aVL, and V4–6 leads. His myoglobin and troponin I levels were elevated. Due to the unstable hemodynamic state of the patient, bedside echocardiography was performed. The echocardiography indicated LVFWR after AMI. Pericardiocentesis was used to restore a satisfactory hemodynamic state in the patient. Following the initial treatment, the patient opted for a conservative treatment strategy and was uneventfully discharged after 19 days.     

Electrical storm: case series and review of management

Electrical storm is defined as a recurrent episode of hemodynamically destabilizing ventricular tachyarrhythmia that usually requires electrical cardioversion or defibrillation. We describe three cases presenting with electrical storm under differing circumstances: (1) a 57-year-old man with ST-elevation myocardial infarction within 1 week of a posterior circulation stroke who developed refractory sustained ventricular tachycardia 10 days after an acute myocardial infarction; (2) a 65-year-old man who developed polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation following dobutamine echocardiography; and (3) a 20-year-old woman who developed intractable ventricular fibrillation following an overdose of a weight-reduction pill. The management of electrical storm is discussed, and evolving literature supporting the routine use of intravenous amiodarone and beta-blockers in place of intravenous lidocaine is critically examined.     

The use of antiplatelet agents in acute cardiac care.

Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin has long been established as standard therapy in the management of conditions such as ST-elevation myocardial infarction and the acute coronary syndromes (unstable angina and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction). Recently, several more potent platelet inhibitors have been developed and tested in randomized clinical trials. This article reviews the current state of the art of antiplatelet therapy.     

基于十六字诀的优质护理在ST段抬高心肌梗死自行入院患者急救中的应用效果

目的探讨基于十六字诀的优质护理在ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死自行入院患者急救中的应用效果。方法选取2017年3月至2019年2月我院收治的ST抬高型急性心肌梗死患者为研究对象,将2017年3月至2018年2月自行入院44例患者设为对照组,将2018年3月至2019年2月自行入院的44例患者设为观察组。对照组采用常规护理,观察组在此基础上采用基于十六字诀的优质护理。比较两组干预后各项时间的评价指标和抢救成功率。结果观察组患者干预后的各项急救时间均短于对照组(P<0.05),抢救成功率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论采用基于十六字诀的优质护理对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死自行入院患者实施急救护理,可改善干预后各项时间的评价指标,提高急救效率,值得推广应用。     

药物洗脱支架在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死中的应用

目的:探讨药物洗脱支架(DES)在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(AMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中应用的安全性和有效性。方法:选择2005年5月—2005年10月间的ST段抬高型AMI患者67例,在发病12h内行急诊PCI治疗,于梗死相关血管(IRA)的靶病变植入DES。术后前瞻性随访300d,观察主要心血管不良事件(MACE)(包括死亡、非致死性再梗和靶血管血运重建)的发生情况。结果:67例患者中,伴糖尿病者占20．9%,多支病变者占71．6%。67例患者共植入84枚DES,64例(95．5%)术终血流达到TIMI-3级。住院期间4例(6．0%)患者死亡,1例(1．5%)术后当天发生早期支架内血栓形成引起非致死性再梗而行靶血管再次血运重建。出院至术后300d随访期间,2例(3．0%)死亡,无一例发生晚期支架内血栓形成、非致死性再梗或因造影或临床再狭窄需行靶血管再次血运重建。结论:DES应用于ST段抬高型AMI患者具有良好的安全性,而且可以明显降低靶血管血运重建的发生率,改善患者远期预后。     

Effective Myocardial Salvage with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Late Diagnosed Acute Post-Traumatic ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Background: Acute post-traumatic ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is rare but potentially disastrous in patients with blunt cardiac injury. Sometimes the diagnosis is delayed. Failed myocardial salvage by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 9 h after the onset of post-traumatic STEMI has been described. Objective: We present a case report of a patient in whom effective myocardial salvage with PCI was obtained in a late diagnosed acute post-traumatic STEMI. Case Report: We report the case of a young man who was involved in a motorcycle crash, who had a delayed diagnosis of post-traumatic STEMI. Diagnostic coronary angiography was performed to guide treatment strategy. An occluded left anterior descending artery due to a dissection, and an intimal flap at the first diagonal branch were found. A PCI was done 18 h after the onset of the event with striking and immediate improvement of the regional left ventricular wall motion and ejection fraction. Conclusion: After blunt thoracic injury, there is the possibility of an acute post-traumatic STEMI being present when facing a patient with clues of blunt cardiac injury. If the diagnosis of acute post-traumatic STEMI is clinically strong, the patient should be managed individually according to the clinical scenario. Early recognition and prompt management are vital when dealing with patients suffering post-traumatic STEMI.     

不同途径应用替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者血流灌注的影响

目的探讨直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)中经梗死和非梗死相关动脉双途径应用替罗非班与单纯经梗死相关动脉应用替罗非班治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevationmyocardial infarction,STEMI)的效果。方法 100例STEMI患者随机分为梗死和非梗死相关动脉双途径给药组(双途径给药组)和单纯经梗死相关动脉给药组(单途径给药组)各50例。比较2组直接PCI术前和术后罪犯血管校正TIMI帧计数和心肌灌注分级水平的差异。结果双途径给药组心肌灌注分级2～3级率明显高于单途径给药组(P<0.05),心肌肌钙蛋白I水平明显低于单途径给药组(P<0.05);2组患者在罪犯血管校正TIMI帧计数方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论经梗死和非梗死相关动脉双途径给予替罗非班对STEMI患者心肌血流灌注的疗效优于单纯经梗死相关动脉给药。     

Acute Pancreatitis Complicated by ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Background

Electrocardiographic abnormalities mimicking myocardial ischemia have been reported in intra-abdominal conditions, including acute pancreatitis. However, the occurrence of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is rare.

Objectives

To present a case report of a young man with acute pancreatitis subsequently complicated by acute STEMI. The diagnosis and management of STEMI in acute pancreatitis can present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, which are reviewed.

Case Report

A 31-year-old man with no conventional coronary risk factors presented with acute abdominal pain, elevated pancreatic enzymes, and computed tomography scan findings of acute pancreatitis. The patient developed chest discomfort and presented to us on Day 2 with electrocardiographic evidence of an evolved extensive anterior wall myocardial infarction. Cardiac troponin I levels were elevated, and the electrocardiogram showed regional wall motion abnormalities in the left anterior descending territory (LAD). Coronary angiography done after stabilization showed a thrombus in the LAD, with no atherosclerotic lesions whatsoever. Hemostatic abnormalities are known in acute pancreatitis, and the development of a transient hypercoagulable state may be responsible for thrombotic complications. The overlap of some of the symptoms of the two conditions may cause diagnostic difficulty. Management issues include the choice of revascularization therapy, the safety of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy, intravenous fluid administration, and the use of cardiac medications that potentially can cause hypotension.

Conclusion

The diagnosis and management of STEMI in the setting of acute pancreatitis can be challenging. In the absence of guidelines, a multidisciplinary approach individualized to the patient’s clinical situation may be most appropriate.     

Elevated plasma procalcitonin level predicts poor prognosis of ST elevation myocardial infarction in Asian elderly

Previous studies have focused on relationship between plasma procalcitonin level and myocardial infarction risk, but this relationship in Asian elderly has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to reveal the association of peripheral procalcitonin concentration (both immediate and average levels) with myocardial infarction prognosis in Asian elderly. A total of 400?ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients, 400 unstable angina patients and 400 controls were included. Plasma levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were measured using commercially available kits. Each myocardial infarction patient received a standard therapy and a 12-month follow-up unless major adverse cardiac events occurred. On admission, plasma procalcitonin level was higher in myocardial infarction patients than in unstable angina patients and controls (p?r?=?0.650, p?相似文献