Neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio at diagnosis is an independent prognostic factor in patients with nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma: results of a large multicenter study involving 990 patients

Several studies have demonstrated the prognostic value of neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with solid tumors and non–Hodgkin lymphoma. In contrast, there is only sparse data on its prognostic role in patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). The aim of our study was to establish whether NLR could serve as an independent prognostic factor in a cohort of 990 patients with nodular sclerosis (NS)‐cHL. After analysis of the log hazard ratio (HR) as a function of NLR, we chose the value 6 as cutoff. Patients with NLR >6 had a worse progression‐free survival and overall survival compared to those with NLR ≤6; 84% vs 75% and 92% vs 88%, at 5 years, with an HR of 1.65 and 1.82, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk remained high with HR 1.44 and HR 1.54 in progression‐free survival and overall survival, respectively. In summary, our study shows that NLR is a robust and independent prognostic parameter in NS‐cHL, both in early and advanced disease. It is inexpensive and simple to apply. Thus, we conclude that NLR, possibly in combination with the international prognostic score and absolute monocyte count, is a useful guide for physicians treating NS‐cHL patients.     

EphA2蛋白在弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨EphA2蛋白在弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）中的表达情况及其与临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法 采用免疫组化EnVision法检测72例DLBCL及10例正常淋巴结组织中EphA2蛋白的表达情况,分析DLBCL组织中EphA2蛋白表达与性别、年龄、分期、B症状、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、国际预后指数（IPI）及病理分型等临床病理特征的关系,随访DLBCL患者的生存情况并分析中位生存期（OS）和无进展生存期（PFS）,同时采用Cox多因素分析影响预后的独立因素。结果 DLBCL组织中EphA2蛋白的阳性表达率为58.3％（42／72）,高于正常淋巴结组织的20.0％（2／10）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;EphA2蛋白表达与分期、病理分型有关,而与性别、年龄、B症状、LDH和IPI均无关（P＞0.05）。全组的中位PFS和OS分别为15.5和22.0个月, LDH是影响PFS和OS的独立预后因素,IPI仅是影响PFS的独立预后因素,分期、EphA2蛋白表达均是影响OS的独立预后因素（P＜0.05）。结论 EphA2蛋白在DLBCL中高表达,其表达与分期、病理分型有关,EphA2阳性表达提示预后不佳。     

Serum albumin level at diagnosis of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: an important simple prognostic factor

This study compared the value of several simple laboratory parameters with known prognostic models for predicting survival in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The data of 157 adult patients with DLBCL diagnosed at Rabin Medical Center in 2004–2008 and treated with R‐CHOP immunochemotherapy were retrospectively reviewed. Main clinical features of the cohort were as follows: mean age 63.0 years, 43% male, 63% stage III/IV disease, 28% ECOG performance status > 2, 60% elevated lactate dehydrogenase level. Median duration of follow‐up was 6.6 years. The NCCN‐International Prognostic Index (IPI) was found to be a more powerful prognosticator than the IPI. Five‐year overall survival (OS) was 69.6; 73.6% for patients with intermediate NCCN‐IPI and 38.4% for patients with poor NCCN‐IPI. On univariate analysis, pretreatment hemoglobin and albumin levels were significantly associated with survival. By albumin level, 5‐year OS was 77.6 + 4% in patients with >3.5 g/dl and 53 + 7% in patients with < 3.5 g/dl (p < 0.001); 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) was 69.9% and 50.9%, respectively (p = 0.002). By hemoglobin level, 5‐year OS was 82.9 + 4.5% in patients with >12 g/dl and 58.8 + 5% in patients with < 12 g/dl (p = 0.007); 5‐year PFS was 75.5% and 54.1%, respectively (p = 0.008). On multivariate analysis with Cox regression, pretreatment albumin level was a significant independent predictor of OS. Furthermore, 5‐year OS of patients with a high NCCN‐IPI and albumin < 3.5 g/dl was 29.2% compared with 60% in patients with albumin > 3.5 g/dl (p = 0.022). In conclusion, pretreatment albumin level is a strong prognostic factor for OS in patients with DLBCL and can discriminate high‐risk patients for good and poor prognosis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Comparison of the prognostic values of various inflammation based factors in patients with pancreatic cancer

The aim of the present study was to determine whether C-reactive protein (CRP)?Cbased systemic inflammatory response scores (modified Glasgow prognostic score, mGPS; prognostic index, PI) have prognostic value superior to that of scores based on circulating white cells (neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, NLR; platelet/lymphocyte ratio, PLR) or in combination with albumin (prognostic nutritional index, PNI) in patients with pancreatic cancer. The medical records of 177 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma were reviewed. Kaplan?CMeier methodology and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model were used to evaluate the potential prognostic factors. NLR?>?5 was associated with higher white cell count, higher PLR, elevated CRP, hypoalbuminemia, increased mGPS, PI and PNI, poorer performance status (PS), greater weight loss and poorer tumor differentiation. On multivariate analysis, only NLR (HR, 2.537; 95?% CI, 1.313?C4.902; p?=?0.006), PS, tumor?Cnode?Cmetastasis (TNM) staging, type of surgery and palliative chemotherapy were associated independently with survival, whereas PLR, mGPS, PI and PNI were not. NLR?>?5 predicted poorer overall survival (OS) compared with NLR????5 (median OS, 4.133 and 9.300, respectively; p?=?0.006). On the subgroup analysis, the median OS of patients with NLR?>?5 was 5.767?months, whereas patients with NLR????5 who had received palliative chemotherapy had a median OS of 10.200?months (p?<?0.001). Our study demonstrates that elevated NLR is superior to the mGPS, PI, PLR and PNI for prognostication in patients with pancreatic cancer.     

头颈部弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者临床特征及预后模型分析研究

背景与目的：头颈部弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（head and neck diffuse large B-cell lymphoma，HN-DLBCL）是该解剖部位常见侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤，随着含有利妥昔单抗免疫化疗方案以及局部放疗和细胞免疫治疗的成功应用，HN-DLBCL患者的缓解率和无病生存率较以往有显著提高，然而仍有一部分患者成为复发/难治性病例。前期临床研究发现，基于预后模型分层治疗可以使高危淋巴瘤患者得到早期充分干预而显著降低其复发或成为难治性病例的概率。系统分析HN-DLBCL患者的临床特点与其预后的相关性，并比较不同预后模型的分层能力。方法：回顾性分析2010年1月—2018年12月在上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院诊治的134例HN-DLBCL患者的临床资料，应用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并绘制生存曲线，log-rank检验和COX回归模型进行单因素及多因素生存预后分析，进一步采用国际预后指数（International Prognostic Index，IPI）、美国国家综合癌症网络-IPI（National Comprehensive Cancer Network-IPI，NCCN-IPI）和西班牙淋巴瘤/自体骨髓移植工作组-IPI（Spanish Lymphoma/Autologous Bone Marrow Transplant Working Group-IPI，GELTAMO-IPI）进行危险度分层，对比各预后分层系统不同危险程度患者3年生存率的差异。结果：单因素分析结果显示，Ann Arbor临床分期、非生发中心B细胞（non-germinal center B-cell，non-GCB）亚型、血清乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase，LDH）和β2微球蛋白水平是HN-DLBCL患者预后的影响因素（P<0.05），而多因素COX分析发现，LDH水平是影响患者预后的独立危险因素。根据IPI、NCCN-IPI和GELTAMO-IPI评分系统，高危HN-DLBCL患者3年总生存率（overall survival，OS）分别为44.7%、36.8%和32.8%，3年无进展生存率（progression-free survival，PFS）分别是44.3%、20.7%和16.3%，与IPI预后模型相比，NCCN-IPI和GELTAMO-IPI评分系统更能甄别高危HN-DLBCL患者。结论：在免疫化疗治疗时代，血清LDH水平是HN-DLBCL患者预后的独立危险因素，而改良国际预后模型NCCN-IPI和GELTAMO-IPI较IPI评分更能分辨高危患者。     

Inflammatory markers and overall survival in older adults with cancer

Background

Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic impact of three inflammatory markers - neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte monocyte ratio (LMR) - on overall survival (OS) in older adults with cancer.

A New Inflammatory Prognostic Index,Based on C-reactive Protein,the Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Serum Albumin is Useful for Predicting Prognosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cases

Purpose: We aimed to establish an inflammatory prognostic index (IPI) in early and advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients based on hematologic and biochemical parameters and to analyze its predictive value for NSCLC survival. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 685 patients with early and advanced NSCLC diagnosed between 2009 and 2014 was conducted with collection of clinical, and laboratory data. The IPI was calculated as C-reactive protein × NLR (neutrophil/ lymphocyte ratio)/serum albumin. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the prognostic value of relevant factors. Results: The optimal cut-off value of IPI for overall survival (OS) stratification was determined to be 15. Totals of 334 (48.8%) and 351 (51.2%) patients were assigned to high and low IPI groups, respectively. Compared with low IPI, high IPI was associated with older age, greater tumor size, high lymph node involvement, distant metastases, advanced stage and poor performance status. Median OS was worse in the high IPI group (low vs high, 8.0 vs 34.0 months; HR, 3.5; p<0.001). Progression free survival values of the patients who had high vs low IPI were determined 6 months (95% CI:5.3-6.6) and 14 months (95% CI:12.1-15.8), respectively (HR; 2.4, P<0.001). On multivariate analysis, stage, performance status, lactate dehydrogenase and IPI were independent prognostic factors for OS. Subgroup analysis showed IPI was generally a significant prognostic factor in all clinical variables. Conclusion: The described IPI may be an inexpensive, easily accessible and independent prognostic index for NSCLC patients, useful for clinical practice.     

外周血绝对单核细胞计数、血小板与绝对淋巴细胞计数比值在原发鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤中的预后分析

背景与目的:NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(natural killer/T-cell lymphoma,NKTCL)为恶性淋巴瘤中较少见的一种类型,其在临床表现及整体疗效上差别较大,目前尚无确切的危险分层指导预后.该研究旨在探索治疗前外周血绝对单核细胞计数(absolute monocyte count,AMC)、血小板与绝对淋巴细胞计数比值(platelet-lymphocyte ratio,PLR)在原发鼻腔NKTCL预后中的意义,为患者提供更确切的危险分层,从而选择恰当的治疗方案改善预后.方法:收集天津医科大学肿瘤医院2008年1月—2013年12月初诊的132例原发鼻腔NKTCL患者的临床资料.回顾性分析治疗前外周血AMC、PLR与患者5年总生存率(overall survival,OS)及无进展生存率(progression-free survival,PFS)之间的关系.患者预后的影响因素采用单因素分析和Cox比例风险模型多因素分析.结果:治疗前外周血AMC、PLR在原发鼻腔NKTCL患者的预后分层中均具有重要作用.AMC小于0.5×109个/L组患者的预后明显优于AMC大于等于0.5×109个/L组,PLR小于150组患者的预后优于PLR大于等于150组(P<0.05).根据分期、ECOG评分标准、AMC、PLR这4个独立危险因素,我们试图建立了一个新的预后模式,将所有患者分为3个不同危险组,结果发现3个组的5年OS及PFS差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:外周血AMC、PLR与原发鼻腔NKTCL患者的预后明显相关.由分期、ECOG评分标准、AMC、PLR这4个独立危险因素组成的新的预后模式可能较国际预后指数(International Prognostic Index,IPI)及韩国预后指数(Korean Prognostic Index,KPI)更确切方便、更经济实用.     

The Absolute Monocyte and Lymphocyte Prognostic Index for Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Who Receive R-CHOP

BackgroundThe baseline absolute monocyte count and absolute lymphocyte count were used to generate a prognostic index (the AMLPI) for survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).MethodsData from 245 patients with DLBCL who were treated with standard R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride, vincristine sulfate, prednisone) were reviewed. By using the values previously reported for the AMLPI, its prognostic value was examined in our population.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 22 months for censored observations, the 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rates for the international prognostic index (IPI) 0-2 and 3-5 risk groups were 73% and 58%, respectively (P = .0004); comparable overall survival (OS) rates were 88% and 68%, respectively (P < .0001). For patients with IPI scores of 0-2, 1-year PFS rates for AMLPI low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups were 92%, 89%, and 80%, respectively (P = .022); comparable 1-year OS rates were 96%, 95%, and 80%, respectively (P = .049). By multivariate analysis, with the adjustment of IPI in the model, AMLPI effects (low- vs. high-risk groups) on PFS and OS rates were significant, with P = .046 (hazard ratio [HR] 0.402 [95% CI, 0.164-0.986] and P = .052 (HR 0.325 [95% CI, 0.104-1.011]), respectively.ConclusionsThe absolute monocyte and lymphocyte counts prognostic index (the AMLPI) may add prognostic value beyond that of the IPI for patients with DLBCL who receive R-CHOP.     

弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的临床特征及预后影响因素分析

目的　探讨弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤 (DLBCL)的临床特征及其预后的影响因素。方法回顾性分析 138例DLBCL患者的临床特征 ,结合随访资料 ,对DLBCL的预后影响因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果　 87.7%侵犯淋巴结 ,6 0 .1%有结外侵犯 ,全组 5年生存率为 4 1.3%。多因素分析表明 ,患者年龄、临床分期和近期疗效是DLBCL预后的独立影响因素。国际预后指数 (IPI)计分低危组 5年生存率为 6 1.9% ,低中危组为 4 4 .3% ,高中危组为 2 0 .2 % ,高危组为 9.2 % ,差异有统计学意义(P <0 .0 1)。伴结外侵犯者 ,化疗联合手术治疗 5年生存率为 5 5 .6 % ,明显高于单纯化疗组。结论患者年龄、临床分期和近期疗效是DLBCL预后的独立影响因素 ,结外侵犯病例应采取手术和化疗联合治疗。     

Absolute monocyte/lymphocyte count prognostic score is independent of immunohistochemically determined cell of origin in predicting survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Abstract The absolute monocyte/lymphocyte count prognostic score (AMC/ALC score) has not been directly compared with the cell of origin (COO) to predict overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Thus, we retrospectively examined a new cohort of 99 patients with DLBCL treated from 2008 to 2010, (1) to validate whether AMC/ALC score affects survival, (2) to investigate whether AMC/ALC score is independent of COO to predict survival and (3) to assess whether AMC/ALC score can further stratify clinical outcomes by COO. By univariate analysis, the AMC/ALC score was a predictor for OS and PFS. On multivariate analysis performed including the COO and the International Prognostic Index, AMC/ALC score remained an independent predictor for OS and PFS. The AMC/ALC score was able to further stratify DLBCL clinical outcomes by COO. The AMC/ALC score was independent of COO and added to its ability to identify patients with high-risk disease.     

Prospective validation of a prognostic score for patients in immunotherapy phase I trials: The Gustave Roussy Immune Score (GRIm-Score)

IntroductionLife expectancy evaluation is crucial when selecting patients who may benefit from phase I studies. The Royal Marsden Hospital (RMH) prognostic score, based on three objective variables (number of metastatic sites, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum albumin) was validated in patients treated with cytotoxics and targeted therapies. We aimed to determine if those factors were applicable to immune-checkpoint therapies (ICTs) in phase I trials and to evaluate new variables that may preclude a better prognosis in patients receiving ICT.Patients and methodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of survival risk factors in a discovery cohort of 155 patients enrolled into ICT phase I trials at our institution. We computed univariate analysis and multivariate analysis (MVA) of demographics, clinical and biological data to assess their prognostic value for overall survival (OS). MVA results were used to build a prognostic score for OS. A validation cohort of 113 patients enrolled in phase I ICT trials was used to prospectively validate this score.ResultsA total of 155 patients (M/F: 83/72; median age 59) receiving an experimental ICT between March 2012 and January 2016 were included in the discovery cohort. An MVA assessing the RMH score variables showed that low albumin (hazard ratio [HR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–2.86) and LDH > upper limit normal (ULN) (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.12–3.15) were independent negative prognostic factors for OS. Interestingly, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) > 6 (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.04–2.95) was associated with a decrease in OS. The number of metastases was not associated with a poorer outcome for this ICT cohort (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.51–1.35). A risk score based on the results of the MVA (NLR > 6 = 1; LDH > ULN = 1; albumin < 35 g/l = 1) showed that patients presenting a high score (>1) had a significantly shorter OS (20.4 weeks; 95% CI 5.7–35.2) compared to those with a low score (0 or 1) (68.9 weeks; 95% CI 50–83.7) (HR 2.9, 95% CI 1.87–4.64). In the validation cohort of 113 patients, again the patients presenting a high score showed an inferior OS (HR 6.3, 95% CI 2.7–14.8).ConclusionIn ICT phase I trials, traditional prognostic variables included in the RMH score may be suboptimal to determine patient's prognosis. In this context, the NLR is a significant prognostic variable. The Gustave Roussy Immune Score, based on albumin, LDH and NLR, allows a better selection of patients for ICT phase I trials.     

Prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma treated with vascular endothelial growth factor-targeting agents

Objective: Angiogenesis represents a key element in the pathogenesis of malignancy. There are no robust data on prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapy. The present study was conducted to establish a prognostic model for patients using an oxaliplatin-based or irinotecan-based chemotherapy plus bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: Baseline characteristics and outcomes on 170 patients treated with FOLFIRI or XELOX plus anti-VEGF therapy-naïve metastatic colorectal cancer were collected from three Turkey cancer centers. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify independent prognostic factors for OS. Results: The median OS for the whole cohort was 19 months (95% CI, 14.3 to 23.6 months). Three of the seven adverse prognostic factors according to the Anatolian Society of Medical Oncology (ASMO) were independent predictors of short survival: serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) greater than the upper limit of normal (ULN; p<0.001); neutrophils greater than the ULN (p<0.0014); and progression free survival (PFS) less than 6 months (p =0.001). Conclusion: Serum LDH and neutrophil levels were the main prognostic factors in predicting survival, followed by PFS. This model validates incorporation of components of the ASMO model into patient care and clinical trials that use VEGF-targeting agents.     

FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A novel validated prognostic score to facilitate treatment decision-making in real-world

There is no prospective, randomised head-to-head trial comparing first-line FOLFIRINOX and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel in advanced pancreatic cancer. We assess real-world effectiveness and quality of life (QoL) of both regimens using a new prognostic score. This analysis includes 1540 patients with advanced pancreatic cancer from the prospective, clinical cohort study Tumour Registry Pancreatic Cancer separated into learning (n = 1027) and validation sample (n = 513). The Pancreatic Cancer Score (PCS) was developed using multivariate Cox regression. We compared overall survival (OS) and time to deterioration (TTD) for longitudinal QoL between first-line FOLFIRINOX (n = 407) and gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (n = 655) according to patients' prognostic risk, after inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) by propensity score analysis. The PCS includes nine independent prognostic factors for survival: female sex, BMI ≥24/unknown, ECOG performance status ≥1, Charlson comorbidity index ≥1, tumour staging IV/unknown at primary diagnosis, liver metastases, bilirubin >1.5× upper limit of normal (ULN), leukocytes >ULN and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ≥4. Median OS of the validation sample was 11.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.4-14.4), 8.5 (95% CI: 6.8-9.6) and 5.9 months (95% CI: 4.0-7.4) for favourable- (0-3 risk factors), intermediate- (4-5 factors) and poor-risk group (6-9 factors), respectively. After IPTW, only poor-risk patients had significantly longer median OS and TTD of overall QoL with FOLFIRINOX (OS: 6.9 months, 95% CI: 3.9-13.3; TTD: 10.6 months, 95% CI: 2.0-14.1) vs gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel (OS: 4.0 months, 95% CI: 2.8-4.8; TTD: 4.1 months, 95% CI: 2.4-4.5). Our novel PCS may facilitate treatment decisions in clinical routine of advanced pancreatic cancer, since only poor-risk, but not favourable-risk patients, seem to benefit from intensified treatment with FOLFIRINOX.     

Prognostic models for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the rituximab era: a never-ending story

BackgroundImproved treatment have modified survival outcome in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and altered the importance of previously recognized prognostic markers.Design and methodsTo evaluate International Prognostic Index (IPI) score before and after rituximab introduction and to validate the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC)/revised International Prognostic Index (R-IPI) model, we carried out a retrospective analysis on a total of 831 patients with DLBCL.ResultsOur results show that IPI lost its discriminating power with the introduction of rituximab. The analysis of our second set allowed us to validate the ALC/R-IPI model. The R-IPI and ALC/R-IPI could still be used for designing clinical trials, but both have difficulty recognizing a high percentage of poor prognosis patients, though it remains an important goal of a good prognostic model considering the modest impact of salvage treatments on survival.ConclusionsA new model on the basis of significant variables in the rituximab era and built on a large database of patients treated with rituximab is urgently needed. As prognostic models are changing with the efficacy and mechanisms of action of treatment utilized, looking for a new prognostic score is a never-ending story in which researchers are trying to hit a continuously moving target.     

Prognostic indexes in follicular lymphoma: a comparison of different prognostic systems.

BACKGROUND: The International Prognostic Index (IPI), initially designed for aggressive lymphomas, is also used in follicular lymphoma (FL) and other indolent lymphomas. Two new prognostic indexes have recently been proposed for FL [the Italian Lymphoma Intergroup (ILI) Index and the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI)]. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three indexes, IPI [age >60 years, extranodal involvement two or more sites, elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status > or =2, stage > or =3], ILI (age >60 years, extranodal involvement two or more sites, elevated LDH, male sex, B symptoms, erythrocyte sedimentation rate > or =30 mm first hour) and FLIPI (age >60 years, stage > or =3, elevated LDH, nodal involvement five or more, haemoglobin level < or =12 g/dl) were calculated in 411 patients with FL. RESULTS: Overall concordance between the three indexes was 54%. A total of 126 (31%) patients were included in the high-risk group according to IPI, 131 (32%) according to ILI and 157 (38%) after FLIPI application. Ten-year overall survival rates after applying the prognostic indexes (IPI, ILI and FLIPI) were, respectively: 72%, 71% and 72%, in the low-risk group; 51%, 60% and 49% in the intermediate-risk group; and 24%, 16% and 31% in the high-risk group. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, all three indexes, IPI, ILI and FLIPI, were useful to classify FL patients into differentiated risk groups, although the FLIPI identified a larger proportion of high-risk patients than the IPI and ILI.     

EPSILoN: A Prognostic Score Using Clinical and Blood Biomarkers in Advanced Non–Small-cell Lung Cancer Treated With Immunotherapy

BackgroundSecond-line immunotherapy (IO) has shown an overall survival benefit. However, only 18% to 20% of patients with advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) will respond, with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 2 to 4 months. Thus, biomarkers to select those patients most likely to benefit from IO are greatly needed.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 154 patients with aNSCLC who had received anti–programmed cell death 1 therapy as second line or further treatment. We assessed the absolute neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil counts at baseline (T0) and the second (T1) and third (T2) cycles. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived-NLR (dNLR), lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR), and their percentage of change at T1 and T2 compared with T0 were evaluated. The clinical characteristics and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level were also considered. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Significant biomarkers for PFS on multivariate analysis were combined in a prognostic score.ResultsFor overall survival, the negative prognostic biomarkers were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 2, NLR at T0, and dNLR at T1; the LMR at T0, T1, and T2 was identified as a positive prognostic biomarker. For PFS, the negative prognostic biomarkers were ECOG PS 2, liver metastases, NLR at T0, dNLR at T1 and T2, and ≥ 30% increase of NLR from T0 to T1; the positive prognostic biomarkers were heavy smoking, LDH, and LMR at T2. The ≥ 30% increase of LMR from T0 to T1 and T0 to T2 correlated with the overall response rate. A prognostic score (EPSILoN score; smoking, ECOG PS, liver metastases, LDH, NLR) identified 3 prognostic groups (median PFS, 10.2, 4.9, and 1.7 months, respectively; P < .001).ConclusionsThe EPSILoN score combines 5 baseline clinical and blood biomarkers and can help to identify patients with aNSCLC who will most likely benefit from second-line IO. Further studies are warranted.     

韦氏环和结内弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的临床特征与预后

目的 回顾性分析韦氏环与结内弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的临床特征和预后.方法 分析病理确诊的韦氏环和结内弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤181例资料,其中韦氏环80例,结内101例.Ann Arbor分期1期57例,Ⅱ期83期,Ⅲ期26例,Ⅳ期15例.Ⅰ-Ⅱ期接受化疗加受累野照射,Ⅲ-Ⅳ期以化疗为主.结果 与结内弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤相比,韦氏环弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤多表现为临床Ⅱ期和邻近器官受侵,少见全身症状、脾受侵、乳酸脱氢酶和β2微球蛋白升高.韦氏环和结内弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的5年总生存率分别为76%和56%(x2=2.43,P=0.119),Ⅰ～Ⅱ期韦氏环和结内弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤的5年总生存率分别为78%和58%(x2=76,P=0.097).单因素分析显示乳酸脱氢酶升高、国际预后指数评分≥1、β2微球蛋白升高是韦氏环弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤患者的预后不良因素,而β2微球蛋白升高、大肿块和国际预后指数评分≥1与结内弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤患者的预后差有关.多因素分析显示只有乳酸脱氧酶升高、β2微球蛋白值升高与伞组患者预后差有关.结论 与结内病变相比,韦氏环弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤具有某些不同的临床特征.     

Is the follicular lymphoma international prognostic index better than the international prognostic index to identify high-risk follicular lymphoma patients?

The aims of this study are to validate follicular lymphoma international prognostic index (FLIPI) prognostic score and to compare it with the international prognostic index (IPI) in a cohort of 57 Brazilian patients. According to IPI, 24 patients (42%) were in the low-risk, 28 (49%) in the intermediate-risk, and 4 (7%) in the high-risk group. The distribution according to FLIPI was: 20 (35%) in the low-risk, 8 (14%) in the intermediate-risk, and 29 (51%) in the high-risk group. According to IPI score, median OS was not reached for the low-risk, it was 45 months for the intermediate-risk and 25 months for the high-risk group (p < 0.001). When FLIPI score was applied, median OS was not reached for the low and intermediate-risk, and was 42 months for the high-risk group (p = 0.0064). These findings suggest that: (1) FLIPI score could be validated in a Brazilian population; (2) FLIPI is more accurate than IPI to identify FL patients having worse prognosis (51%); (3) IPI seems to be a better tool for clinical decisions because it selected a smaller high-risk group (7%) having worse prognosis. In our opinion, IPI high-risk patients are the real candidates for more aggressive therapies, avoiding unnecessary over-treatment.     

改良国际预后指数（NCCN-IPI）对R-CHOP方案治疗弥漫大B 细胞淋巴瘤的预后评估（附168 例临床分析）

目的:验证改良国际预后指数（NCCN-IPI）对弥漫大B 细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL ）患者免疫化疗后的预后评估价值。方法:回顾性分析天津医科大学肿瘤医院2008年1 月至2013年1 月收治的168 例初治DLBCL 患者的临床特征及预后,采用NCCN-IPI和国际预后指数（IPI）进行危险度分层和预后评估。结果:全组患者中位年龄58（24～80）岁,男性92例（54.8%）,AnnArbor分期Ⅲ～Ⅳ期94例（56.0%）,ECOGPS ≥ 2 分19例（11.3%）;发病时LDH 水平升高（> 245 U/L）占71.4% 。中位随访42（15～88）个月,3年和5 年生存率（OS）分别为（75.9 ± 3.4）% 、（65.1 ± 5.2）% 。全组患者根据IPI 评分系统,低危组占30.4% ,中低危27.4% ,中高危25.0% ,高危17.3% ;3 年OS分别为91.8% 、76.7% 、67.9% 和47.1% 。根据NCCN-IPI评分,低危组19.0% ,中低危38.1% ,中高危31.5% ,高危11.3% 。3 年OS分别为94.5% 、85.4% 、61.2% 和38.1% 。与IPI 评分相比,NCCN-IPI评分区分高危和低危患者的能力更强（NCCN-IPI:3 年OS:94.5% vs . 38.1% ;IPI:91.8% vs . 47.1%）。 结论:在利妥昔单抗一线治疗中,与IPI 指数相比,NCCN-IPI更好地整合了年龄和LDH 水平两个变量的预后作用,可作为DLBCL 患者强有力的预后分层工具。