气道正压通气治疗高血压伴阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的经鼻持续气道正压通气(nCPAP)治疗高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OS-AHS)患者,以评价该疗法对血压和睡眠呼吸监测参数的影响。方法临床确诊合并OSAHS的高血压患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组在给予常规药物(抗高血压药、抗动脉硬化药物)治疗的同时进行nCPAP治疗,对照组仅给予常规药物治疗。30天后,观察两组治疗前后血压、睡眠呼吸监测参数变化。结果高血压合并OSAHS患者共60例,治疗组和对照组各30例;治疗后治疗组的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、脉压(PP)、心率(HR)、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最长呼吸暂停时间和最低脉搏容积血氧饱和度(SpO2min),与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);部分患者降压药物减量或停用,仅用nCPAP治疗就能维持正常血压。结论nCPAP是非药物治疗合并OSAHS高血压患者的一种安全有效方法。     

高血压患者合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征正压通气与外科治疗对血压的影响

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）是一种能影响全身多脏器的常见疾病，尤其对高血压患者具有独立的危险因素。在高血压病人中，合并存在睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的患者应用降压药物控制血压极为困难，治疗效果差并被称为难治性高血压。轻中度睡眠暂停综合征的治疗方法是经鼻面罩持续气道正压（nCPAP）通气治疗，也是内科首选的最有效的治疗方法，而对于中重度OSAHS患者除nCPAP通气治疗外，部分病人常需要外科配合，以手术治疗更为有效。本研究旨在观察nCPAP通气治疗与外科手术配合对高血压合并OSAHS患者血压的影响。     

持续气道正压通气治疗老年人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并高血压的疗效

目的探讨老年人阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)与高血压之间的关系,以及经鼻持续气道正压通气(nCPAP)治疗老年人OSAHS合并高血压的远期效果。方法104例确诊为OSAHS合并高血压的门诊或住院患者,其中52例患者经过6个月的nCPAP治疗作为治疗组,于行nCPAP治疗前及治疗后6个月,进行多导睡眠图(PSG)及24h动态血压测定,另52例患者未行nCPAP治疗或治疗失败作为对照组,6个月后对两组重复上述各项指标的监测并进行统计学处理。结果治疗组治疗前最长呼吸暂停时间、睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、最低氧分压(SpO2)、收缩压/舒张压分别为(63.5±22.4)s、(46.8±19.2)次/h、(62.4±18.5)%、(146.2±9.5/90.4±8.5)mmHg,经过nCPAP治疗6个月后,上述各项指标分别为(10.5±11.4)s(、4.6±4.0)次/h(、89.81±8.2)%、(134.7±8.3/82.6±9.1)mmHg,均有显著改善(P<0.01),平均血压明显好转,治疗组降压有效率为96%,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),部分患者停用降压药。结论反复低氧血症、呼吸暂停可能是部分老年OSAHS伴发高血压的发病原因,nCPAP治疗有助于此类患者血压的恢复。     

持续气道正压通气对OSAHS合并高血压患者血压节律的影响

目的探讨持续气道正压通气（CPAP）治疗前后对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAHS）合并高血压患者血压节律的影响。方法将78例OSAHS合并高血压患者随机将患者分为对照组38例及观察组40例。两组均予常规降压药物治疗,观察组在此基础上行CPAP治疗。治疗前及治疗后进行24 h动态血压监测及睡眠监测,比较治疗前后睡眠呼吸参数与血压昼夜节律变化。结果血压昼夜节律治疗前反杓型占73.6%,两组间差异无显著性;治疗后治疗组72.5%呈杓型改变,对照组为36.8%,P〈0.05。结论 CPAP可改善OSAHS合并高血压患者的血压昼夜节律。     

nCPAP对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征合并高血压患者血压的影响

目的观察经鼻持续气道正压通气（nCPAP）治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAHS）合并高血压患者动脉血压的影响。方法将60例符合OSAHS合并高血压患者分为实验组30例和对照组30例；对照组采用常规药物降压治疗，实验组同时用常规药物治疗和nCPAP治疗，观察12周，观察治疗前后动脉血压水平变化。结果与治疗前相比，治疗后两组患者动脉血压均明显下降P〈0．05，但实验组血压下降水平明显优于对照组P〈0．05。结论nCPAP治疗OSAHS并发的高血压可能是一种针对高血压病因的非药物治疗高血压的方法。     

OSAHS合并高血压患者血浆神经肽-Y水平的变化

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并高血压患者对血浆神经肽-Y(NPY)水平的影响。方法对50例单纯OSAHS患者、50例OSAHS合并高血压患者和30名健康对照者,经多导睡眠仪监测后,用ELISA法检测血浆NPY水平。对30例重度OSAHS合并高血压患者经鼻持续正压通气(nCPAP)至少治疗2周,再次检测血浆NPY水平,并观察其变化。结果单纯OSAHS组、OSAH合并高血压组血浆NPY水平均较健康对照组升高(P<0.05)。OSAHS合并高血压组经nCPAP治疗后血浆NPY水平较治疗前下降(P<0.01),但与健康对照组相比仍偏高;血浆NPY水平与呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、氧减指数(ODI)、平均收缩压(MSBP)、平均舒张压(MDBP)呈正相关,与最低血氧饱和度(LSaO2)、平均血氧饱和度(MSaO2)呈负相关。结论 OSAHS患者血浆NPY水平升高,合并高血压者其水平较单纯OSAHS患者升高更明显;经至少2周nCPAP治疗后,OSAHS合并高血压患者血浆NPY水平下降。     

持续气道正压通气对老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者心血管合并症的影响

目的探讨老年阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者合并心血管疾病的分布情况、经鼻持续气道正压通气(nCPAP)的应用现状及对心血管合并症治疗转归的影响。方法选择资料完整的OSAHS患者575例,其中中枢型OSAHS 35例,外周型OSAHS 226例,混合型OSAHS 314例。回顾性分析患者的一般情况、合并心血管疾病以及应用nCPAP治疗的现状及治疗后心血管疾病的转归。结果 575例OSAHS患者中43.3%合并心律失常,其次为高血压(31.5%)及冠心病(26.7%);目前对OSAHS合并心血管疾病的患者应用nCPAP治疗的仅占14.6%;与未使用nCPAP治疗的患者比较,经nCPAP治疗后患者心律失常及心绞痛的发生率降低(P<0.01)。结论 OSAHS患者心律失常、冠心病、高血压发病率高,目前OSAHS合并心血管疾病患者应用nCPAP的使用率低。nCPAP治疗可降低患者心律失常及心绞痛的发生频率,提高血压达标率。     

高血压并发阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征老年患者血脂水平

目的研究老年高血压合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的血脂水平。方法 2008年9月至2010年12月我院收治老年高血压患者210例,根据呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)监测分为单纯高血压对照组44例,高血压合并轻度OSAHS组60例和高血压合并中重度OSAHS组106例,监测各组血压,比较各组患者的血脂水平差异。结果相对于单纯高血压患者,并发阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的患者,呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)高,血浆总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均增高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平降低,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论老年高血压病人合并有OSAHS者,血脂水平受到明显影响。早期诊断和进行相应治疗对于预防心脑血管并发症、改善患者预后具有重要意义。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并肺动脉高压的治疗观察

目的:探讨经鼻持续正压通气(nCPAP)对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并肺动脉高压患者的疗效及其作用机制。方法:经过多导睡眠监测仪(PSG)监测确诊为OSAHS,并经心脏彩超多普勒检查确诊为合并肺动脉高压的患者21例,随机分为两组,即nCPAP治疗组(共11例)和对照组(口服氨茶碱缓释片0.2,每晚一次,共10例),治疗3个月后,复查PSG及肺动脉压力并比较其治疗前、后的改变。结果:经过3个月的正规治疗后nCPAP治疗组呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)、夜间缺氧时间、夜间最低血氧饱和度均明显改善,肺动脉压力明显下降[(24.8±6.6)mmHg∶(35.1±4.5)mmHg)],P均<0.05。对照组治疗后上述指标均无明显改善。结论:nCPAP治疗能显著减少OSAHS患者呼吸暂停低通气指数,显著改善睡眠时的低氧状态,有效降低肺动脉高压。     

CPAP治疗对阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停患者血压变异性的影响

目的:探讨经鼻持续正压通气(nCPAP)治疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAHS)患者血压变异性的影响. 方法:采用24 h动态血压监测与多导睡眠(PSG)同步监测的方法,对102例OSAHS受试者按睡眠呼吸暂停紊乱指数(AHI)分为正常对照组、轻度组和中重度组,观察3组患者的血压情况；对中重度组加用nCPAP治疗后,再观察各项指标的改变. 结果:中重度组患者的平均血压水平均高于对照组及轻度组(P＜0.01)；中重度组患者经nCPAP治疗8周后,血压变异性包括晨峰现象、非杓型血压比例均较治疗前有明显下降(P＜0.05). 结论:OSAHS患者的血压有特征性变化,中重度患者接受有效的nCPAP治疗后,不仅纠正了呼吸障碍,也改善了血压变异性及晨峰现象.     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.