白芍总苷对小鼠慢性皮炎-湿疹的治疗作用及其部分机制

目的研究白芍总苷(TGP)对小鼠慢性皮炎-湿疹的治疗作用及其机制。方法采用二硝基氯苯(DNCB)诱导小鼠慢性皮炎-湿疹模型,用电子天平称耳片重量,千分卡尺测定耳中部的厚度,分别计算左右耳重量差及厚度差;光镜观察小鼠耳组织病理学改变;血清IL-2和IL-4含量的测定采用放射免疫测定法。结果TGP能有效减轻慢性皮炎-湿疹小鼠耳组织肿胀,改善其病理学改变,升高其降低的IL-2水平,降低其升高的IL-4水平。结论TGP对小鼠慢性皮炎-湿疹有治疗作用,其作用机制可能与调节Th1和Th2平衡有关。     

沙利度胺乳膏治疗皮炎湿疹药效学及抗炎机制

目的：研究沙利度胺乳膏对小鼠皮炎湿疹模型的治疗作用及抗炎机制。方法：60只小鼠被随机分为正常对照组,模型对照组,沙利度胺乳膏低、中、高浓度组和阳性（氢化可的松）对照组（每组10只）。采用二硝基氯苯（DNCB）诱导小鼠慢性皮炎湿疹模型。正常对照组和模型对照组给予空白基质,其他用药组外用给药,1 d 2次,连续15 d。千分尺测量小鼠左右耳中部厚度,计算左右耳厚度差;电子天平称量左右耳片质量,计算左右耳质量差;HE染色观察小鼠耳组织病理学变化,并进行病理组织学评分;ELISA法测定小鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-2、IL-4、IL-12、IL-18的含量。结果：沙利度胺乳膏能减轻小鼠耳厚度,减轻耳部炎症程度,升高其降低的IL-2、IL-4、IL-18水平,降低其升高的TNF-α、IL-12水平,并呈现良好的量效关系。结论：沙利度胺乳膏对皮炎湿疹有较好的治疗作用,其作用机制可能与调节Th1和Th2平衡有关。沙利度胺乳膏有望开发成一种治疗慢性皮炎湿疹的新药。     

复曲膏对小鼠慢性皮炎-湿疹的药效学研究

目的:研究复曲膏对小鼠慢性皮炎-湿疹的疗效.方法:以氢化可的松为对照,观察复曲膏对二硝基氯苯反复激发小鼠耳部所致慢性皮炎-湿疹的作用.结果:复曲膏能明显抑制小鼠耳部结痂的形成、减轻耳肿胀增厚和炎性细胞浸润.结论:复曲膏对慢性皮炎-湿疹具有较好的治疗作用.     

苦木水提物外用对变应性接触性皮炎模型小鼠的改善作用研究

目的:考察苦木水提物外用对变应性接触性皮炎(ACD)模型小鼠的改善作用,为其进一步开发利用提供参考。方法:将48只小鼠随机分为空白对照组(生理盐水)、模型组(生理盐水)、氢化可的松组(阳性对照,约0.15 g/耳)和苦木水提物低、中、高剂量组(0.15、0.3、0.6 g/耳,以提取物计),每组8只。耳部涂抹给药,每天上午8点和下午4点分别给药1次,连续给药7 d。除空白对照组外,其余各组小鼠在第1、2天给药后于腹部涂抹含0.5%2,4-二硝基氟苯(DNFB)的丙酮-橄榄油溶液诱导ACD模型。第7天给药结束后,于造模组小鼠左耳涂抹0.25%DNFB的丙酮-橄榄油液诱发皮炎。24 h后,肉眼观察各组小鼠左耳组织变化并进行皮损评分,测定小鼠左、右耳厚度差和质量差,检测小鼠血清中免疫球蛋白E(IgE)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)含量,并在苏木精-伊红染色后于显微镜下观察小鼠耳组织病理形态学变化。结果:与空白对照组比较,模型组小鼠左耳皮损评分显著升高(P<0.01),左、右耳厚度差和质量差以及血清中IgE、IL-6含量均显著增加(P<0.01),显微镜下可见小鼠左耳组织出现淋巴细胞浸润、细胞间水肿、红细胞渗出等病理形态学变化。与模型组比较,氢化可的松组和苦木水提物高剂量组小鼠左耳皮损评分显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01),各给药组小鼠左、右耳厚度差和质量差均显著减小(P<0.01),氢化可的松组和苦木水提物中、高剂量组小鼠血清中IgE、IL-6含量均显著降低(P<0.01),显微镜下可见各给药组小鼠左耳炎性病变均不同程度减轻。结论:苦木水提物外用对ACD模型小鼠具有较好的改善作用。     

卡泊三醇诱导小鼠特应性皮炎模型的最适条件探索

目的探讨卡泊三醇(MC903)致小鼠特应性皮炎模型的建立方法。方法诱导剂量探索实验:从d 0起,于各剂量组BALB/c小鼠右耳分别涂布0.33、1、3 nmol MC903,连续诱导7 d。每天观察小鼠耳肿胀程度并测量双耳耳厚,分别于d 3、7取材分析。诱导时间探索实验:从d 0起,于BALB/c小鼠右耳涂布2 nmol·ear-1MC903,连续诱导至d14。每天观察小鼠耳肿胀程度并测量双耳厚,分别于d 3、7、11、15获取小鼠右耳组织进行病理组织学检查。制备小鼠右耳耳组织匀浆,检测匀浆中胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP)、IL-33、IL-4、IFN-γ表达水平以及外淋巴结中DC细胞表面标记分子CD40+、CD86+和ILC2细胞百分含量的变化。结果 1每耳1、3 nmol MC903诱导的小鼠耳肿胀度从d 3开始显著增加,TSLP、IL-4水平明显增加,每耳3 nmol MC903剂量组IL-33水平于d 7明显增加。2每耳2 nmol MC903诱导的特应性皮炎小鼠从d 3起,小鼠右耳耳肿胀明显,耳厚逐渐增加,并于d 14达到峰值;小鼠耳组织病理组织学检查显示,从d 7起,小鼠右耳耳组织红肿,毛细血管扩张,炎性细胞浸润明显,耳部炎性症状维持并逐渐加重至d15;与正常小鼠相比,MC903使右耳组织匀浆中TSLP水平于d 3明显升高,随后逐渐下降,IL-4、IL-33水平于d 7明显升高,随后逐渐降低。外淋巴结中DC的表面标记分子CD40+、CD86+和ILC2的含量在d 7和d 15均有上升。结论每耳2 nmol MC903诱导小鼠7 d可成功建立小鼠特应性皮炎模型,TSLP较适检测点为d 3,IL-4、IL-33较适检测点为 d 7。     

桂枝汤通过抑制淋巴细胞向Th2细胞分化抑制变应性接触性皮炎

目的利用异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)诱导的小鼠变应性接触性皮炎模型以及小鼠脾淋巴细胞,探讨桂枝汤对变应性接触性皮炎的治疗作用和机制。方法 BALB/c小鼠腹部刮毛后,在d 1、2用质量分数为1.5%FITC溶液涂抹腹部致敏,d 6用质量分数为0.6%FITC溶液涂抹小鼠右耳进行激发,d 1～7灌胃给予桂枝汤。激发24 h后测定小鼠左右耳厚,打耳圆片;检查耳组织的病理。测定耳匀浆中IL-4、IL-5、IL-9、IFNγ,以及血清中IgE的水平。利用ConA刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞,检测IL-4、IL-10、GATA3以及IFNγ、T-bet的表达水平。结果桂枝汤明显抑制小鼠耳肿胀度,缓解耳组织中炎性细胞浸润和水肿;降低耳匀浆中IL-4、IL-9、IFNγ以及血清中IgE的水平;抑制ConA刺激下脾淋巴细胞中IL-4、IL-10、GATA3及IFNγ的表达。结论桂枝汤能明显抑制FITC诱导的小鼠变应性接触性皮炎,其机制可能与直接抑制淋巴细胞向Th2细胞分化有关。     

植物抗菌液对小鼠抗炎作用的研究

目的 观察植物抗菌液(PAS)的抗炎作用并探讨其机制.方法 分别用巴豆油和2,4-二硝基氯苯制备小鼠耳肿胀和耳接触性皮炎模型;检测小鼠耳廓肿胀度和血清中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的水平;观察小鼠致炎耳的结痂情况,测定致炎耳的厚度增加值和与正常耳的重量差;测定血清中白介素4(IL-4)和白介素12(IL-12)的含量.结果 PAS组小鼠的耳廓肿胀度和血清中TNF-α水平低于模型组的;模型组小鼠的耳结痂数多于PAS组的;PAS组的耳廓厚度增加值和与正常耳的重量差均明显低于模型组的;血清中IL-12的水平高于模型组的,IL-4的水平低于模型组的.结论 PAS能有效抑制巴豆油引起的小鼠耳肿胀,其机制可能和降低血清中TNF-α的水平有关;PAS还能有效抑制小鼠耳廓的接触性皮炎,其机制可能和升高血清中IL-12的水平和降低IL-4的水平有关.     

卡介菌多糖-核酸对二硝基氟苯诱导的接触性皮炎的治疗作用及机制

目的探讨卡介菌多糖-核酸对二硝基氟苯诱导的接触性皮炎的治疗作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法利用二硝基氟苯诱导建立小鼠接触性皮炎动物模型。激发后48小时,肌肉注射卡介菌多糖-核酸。给药期间,隔日1次对激发部位进行评分,末次给药后24小时,取激发部位皮肤进行病理学观察,取外周血ELISA法检测血浆中IL-2,IL-4andIFN-γ水平,流式细胞术检测外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群的百分比。结果治疗作用研究结果表明:卡介菌多糖-核酸可剂量依赖性缓解二硝基氟苯诱导的小鼠接触性皮炎的症状,减少激发部位皮肤中炎症细胞的数目。作用机制研究结果表明:卡介菌多糖-核酸可剂量依赖性减少外周血中IL-4水平,增加IL-2和IFN-γ水平,增加外周血中CD4+T细胞百分比及CD4+T细胞与CD8+T细胞百分比的比值。结论卡介菌多糖-核酸有望成为一种有效的治疗接触性皮炎的药物,其作用机制可能与它调节T淋巴细胞亚群和细胞因子失调有关。     

马齿苋鲜品凝胶制备及其对小鼠湿疹的初步作用

目的制备马齿苋鲜品凝胶并考察其对小鼠急性湿疹的治疗效果。方法采用正交试验设计,以卡波姆-940、丙二醇的浓度及pH值为考察因素,以卡波姆凝胶剂基质考察评分标准评分,筛选优化处方,制备马齿苋鲜品凝胶。观察马齿苋鲜品凝胶的抑菌作用,及其对小鼠急性湿疹的治疗效果。结果经优化,马齿苋凝胶处方为卡波姆-940 0.7%,丙二醇10%,pH 6.5。抑菌结果显示,马齿苋鲜品凝胶对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌均有抑制作用。对小鼠急性湿疹的治疗结果显示,马齿苋鲜品凝胶可抑制湿疹皮肤组织的炎症反应,显示出较好的治疗效果。结论通过正交试验筛选出优化处方,并观察到马齿苋鲜品凝胶对小鼠急性湿疹有治疗作用。     

润肤止痒凝胶对小鼠慢性湿疹的实验研究

目的 研究润肤止痒凝胶对小鼠慢性湿疹的治疗效果。方法 应用二甲苯建立小鼠炎症模型,4-氨基吡啶建立小鼠瘙痒模型,2.4-二硝基氯苯（DNCB）建立小鼠迟发型超敏反应模型,设模型组、凝胶基质组、青鹏软膏组、润肤止痒凝胶组,分别给予相关治疗,以伊文思蓝渗出液浓度、小鼠舔体次数、小鼠耳廓肿胀度及脏器指数评价药物的作用效果。结果 润肤止痒凝胶能有效抑制小鼠炎症反应所致的血管通透性增加（P<0.01）,减少小鼠舔体次数（P=0.015）,改善DNCB诱导的小鼠迟发型超敏反应症状[耳肿胀值P=0.027,脏器指数（P=0.003）],以减弱过敏反应的表现。结论 润肤止痒凝胶对小鼠慢性湿疹具有良好的治疗效果。     

甘草酸二铵磷脂复合物对小鼠慢性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：探讨甘草酸二铵磷脂复合物注射剂（DG-PC）对C57BL/6J小鼠慢性免疫性肝脏损害的保护作用。方法：复制C57BL/6J小鼠慢性免疫性肝脏损害模型,测定血清ALT、AST、蛋白和透明质酸（HA）,肝匀浆中超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、I型胶原（C.I）,并对肝脏组织切片进行电镜观察。结果：DG-PC可以明显改善肝损小鼠AST水平、提高白蛋白（ALB）含量、升高白球比（A/G）、降低HA含量（P〈0.01）,提高肝损小鼠的SOD和GSH水平（P〈0.01）,治疗效果优于甘草酸二铵（DG）。小鼠肝组织透射电镜观察显示DG-PC可以保护肝细胞和细胞器,减轻纤维化程度。结论：DG-PC对于C57BL/6J小鼠慢性免疫性肝损伤均具有一定的保护作用,可能与抗氧化等活性有关。     

慢性分泌性中耳炎两种非手术治疗的对比研究〔1〕

目的:比较分析中耳变压疗法与Valsava法吹张治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎的疗效。方法:采用按年龄配对设计原则,将慢性分泌性中耳炎患者48例(60耳),分为中耳变压疗法治疗组和传统Valsava法吹张对照组,即治疗组24例,30耳,对照组24例,30耳,分析比较中耳变压疗法与Valsava法吹张治疗的疗效。结果:治疗组纯音气导听阈均值明显低于对照组(t=-2.171,P=0.038);治疗组治愈9耳,显效5耳,有效8耳,无效8耳,总有效率为73.33%(22/30),对照组治愈4耳,显效1耳,有效11耳,无效14耳,总有效率为53.33%(16/30),治疗组临床疗效明显高于对照组(z=-2.195,P=0.028)。结论:中耳变压疗法治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎疗效优于传统Valsava法吹张治疗,值得临床推广应用。     

内镜下鼓室成形术对慢性中耳炎的治疗效果探讨

目的探讨内镜下鼓室成形术对慢性中耳炎的治疗效果。方法56例慢性中耳炎患者为研究对象,均进行内镜下鼓室成形术。随访7个月,观察68只患耳的治疗效果及复发情况,比较手术前后的骨导听阈值。结果随访7个月,68只患耳中共有61只为干耳,干耳率为89.71%;共有63只患耳的症状完全消失,外耳道的形态恢复正常,且鼓膜修补状态恢复良好,疾病痊愈,内镜下鼓室成形术的治愈率为92.65%;仅有1只患耳发生疾病复发,复发率为1.47%。术后,68只患耳四个不同频率阶段的骨导听阈值均优于术前,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对慢性中耳炎患者进行内镜下鼓室成形术的治疗效果良好,且复发率较低,在临床上的推广价值极大,值得应用。     

Use of an optimized in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis assay to detect contact sensitivity to nickel sulfate in mice.

This study was designed to determine whether an optimized in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis assay for identification of strong contact sensitizers would also detect sensitization to the weaker, clinically relevant allergen nickel sulfate (NiSO4). Though NiSO4 is effective in eliciting allergic skin reactions in patients sensitized to nickel-containing metals, it has been difficult to assess its potential to induce sensitization using standard or developmental in vivo animal tests. In vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis has been useful in the diagnosis of nickel allergy in humans, but has not been applied to predictive testing in animals. We used a previously optimized lymphocyte blastogenesis assay to determine whether lymphocytes from NiSO4-treated mice would exhibit NiSO4-specific proliferation and whether this would correlate with an in vivo ear swelling response. BALB/c mice given repeated open induction applications of NiSO4 were ear challenged, then lymphocytes from the draining nodes were cultured with Langerhans cell-enriched epidermal cells (EC), EC + soluble NiSO4, or NiSO4-modified EC (modified by preincubation with NiSO4). The NiSO4-modified EC stimulated significant NiSO4-specific proliferation. EC + soluble NiSO4 stimulated a nonspecific blastogenic response in lymphocytes from both NiSO4-treated and naive mice. There was no ear swelling response to NiSO4 using standard challenge procedures. However, exaggeration of the challenge procedure by gently abrading the ears just prior to NiSO4 application resulted in significant ear swelling, thereby supporting the conclusion that the in vitro results were indicative of in vivo sensitization.     

17beta-estradiol enhances contact hypersensitivity and IFN-gamma expression in inflamed skin of BALB/c mice

The effects of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) on mouse contact hypersensitivity (CHS) elicited at the ears by 4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyl-2-oxazolin-5-one (OXA) were examined. Male and female BALB/c mice were sham-treated or gonadectomized, and then subcutaneously injected with E(2) twice a week for 4 weeks. The mice were sensitized by OXA application to their back and CHS was elicited at the ears. E(2) enhanced the ear swelling of all groups at 6h after the elicitation. E(2) had no effect on the mitogenesis of splenic lymphocytes or nitric oxide synthesis by peritoneal macrophages. E(2) increased the number of thymic cells in female mice, but not male mice, and had no effect on the splenic cells of either female or male mice. Evaluation of the cytokine expressions in the inflamed skin revealed that E(2) enhanced the expression of interferon-gamma, but had no effect on the expression of interleukin-4. These results suggest that E(2) affects the thymus and enhances the production of interferon-gamma in skin to augment the skin swelling in CHS elicited by OXA.     

57例慢性化脓性中耳炎的临床治疗分析

目的观察慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的临床治疗效果。方法对于2009年1月至2011年6月在本院住院的57例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者进行治疗,根据不用的病理类型采取不同的方法进行治疗。结果 57例患者均获得随访,随访时间5~18个月,平均(12.3±2.1)个月;其中53耳经修补鼓膜后完全成活,成功率为92.9%,无穿孔发生;52耳听力提高10~15dB,占91.2%,3耳听力无改变;2耳听力轻度下降;听力提高总有效率为92.11%;患耳的听力能力治疗后较治疗前有明显提高(P<0.05)。结论不同类型的慢性化脓性中耳炎患者采用不同的治疗方法,其疗效显著,听力有明显先改善。     

Effects of ß-glucan from<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aureobasidium pullulans</Emphasis> on acute inflammation in mice

The effects of beta-glucan isolated from Aureobasidium pullulans were observed on acute xylene-induced inflammation. beta-glucan at a dose of 62.5, 125 or 250 mg/kg were administered once orally to xylene-treated mice (0.03 mL of xylene was applied on the anterior surface of the right ear to induce inflammation), and the body weight change, ear weight, histological profiles and histomorphometrical analyses of ear were conducted upon sacrifice. The xylene was topically applied 30 min after dosing with beta-glucan. The results were compared to those of diclofenac, indomethacin and dexamethasone (15 mg/kg injected once intraperitoneally). All animals were sacrificed 2 h after xylene application. Xylene application resulted in marked increases in induced ear weights compared to that of intact control ear; hence, the differences between intact and induced ear were also significantly increased. The histological characteristics of acute inflammation, such as severe vasodilation, edematous changes of skin and infiltration of inflammatory cells, were detected in xylene-treated control ears with marked increase in the thickness of the ear tissues. However, these xylene-induced acute inflammatory changes were significantly and dose-dependently decreased by beta-glucan treatment. We conclude that beta-glucan from A. pullulans has a somewhat favorable effect in the reduction of the acute inflammatory responses induced by xylene application in mice.