TLR2和TLR4单克隆抗体对DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎肠黏膜细胞因子及肠道菌群的影响

Objective To evaluate the effect of TLR2McAb and TLR4McAb on intestinal flora of DSS-induced colitis in mice. Methods Fifty healthy male BALB/c mice (SPF level), were randomly assigned into five groups: the control group( group A), the UC model group( group B), TLR2McAb intervention group( group C), TLR4McAb intervention group( group D) and TLR2McAb + TLR4McAb intervention group(group E). Clinical symptoms were evaluated by the disease activity index(DAI), while tissue sam ples were evaluated by histological scoring(HS). The quantities of mRNA for IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 were determined by real-time PCR. Meanwhile, fecal samples were obtained directly from the cecum for microbiological studies. Results After the treatment with TLR2McAb and TLR4McAb, DAI and HS were decreased significantly. Compared with group A, inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 in group B were higher. Compared with group B, expression of these three cytokines in group C to E was all markedly decreased. Group A showed a considerable predominance of Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp,while the UC model group showed a conspicuous increase of Escherichia coli and decreases of Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. After treatment with TLR2McAb or/and TLR4McAb, Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp increased to the normal level. But counts of E. Coli in the three intervention groups were not changed. Conclusion TLR2McAb and TLR4McAb suppressed the development of DSS-induced colitis and increase cecum counts of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria.     

TLR2和TLR4单克隆抗体对DSS诱导的小鼠结肠炎肠黏膜细胞因子及肠道菌群的影响

Objective To evaluate the effect of TLR2McAb and TLR4McAb on intestinal flora of DSS-induced colitis in mice. Methods Fifty healthy male BALB/c mice (SPF level), were randomly assigned into five groups: the control group( group A), the UC model group( group B), TLR2McAb intervention group( group C), TLR4McAb intervention group( group D) and TLR2McAb + TLR4McAb intervention group(group E). Clinical symptoms were evaluated by the disease activity index(DAI), while tissue sam ples were evaluated by histological scoring(HS). The quantities of mRNA for IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 were determined by real-time PCR. Meanwhile, fecal samples were obtained directly from the cecum for microbiological studies. Results After the treatment with TLR2McAb and TLR4McAb, DAI and HS were decreased significantly. Compared with group A, inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-17 in group B were higher. Compared with group B, expression of these three cytokines in group C to E was all markedly decreased. Group A showed a considerable predominance of Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp,while the UC model group showed a conspicuous increase of Escherichia coli and decreases of Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp. After treatment with TLR2McAb or/and TLR4McAb, Lactobacillus spp and Bifidobacterium spp increased to the normal level. But counts of E. Coli in the three intervention groups were not changed. Conclusion TLR2McAb and TLR4McAb suppressed the development of DSS-induced colitis and increase cecum counts of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria.     

参苓白术散通过TLR4 / NF-κB 通路对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的抑制作用研究

目的:从TLR4/NF-κB信号通路角度观察参苓白术散对DSS诱导的小鼠溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的作用及机制。方法:实验小鼠分为空白组、模型组、参苓白术散高、中、低剂量组和美沙拉嗪组。除空白组外,其余各组均自由饮用3%DSS溶液一周以建立UC模型。造模成功后各给药组予相应药物灌胃,空白组与模型组给予0.5 ml生理盐水灌胃。观察各组小鼠疾病活动指数(DAI)和结肠病理改变,酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测小鼠血清TNF-α、MIF、IL-10、EGF水平,免疫组化法检测小鼠结肠组织内TLR4、NF-κB p65蛋白表达。结果:与空白组比较,模型组小鼠DAI评分升高,结肠单位重量增加、长度变短,结肠黏膜病理受损严重,血清TNF-α、MIF含量显著升高,IL-10、EGF含量明显下降;结肠组织中NF-κB与TLR4蛋白表达上调(P0.01)。与模型组相比,参苓白术散低、中、高剂量组和美沙拉嗪组小鼠血清TNF-α、MIF含量显著降低,IL-10、EGF含量明显上升;结肠组织中NF-κB、TLR4蛋白表达下调(P0.01)。结论:参苓白术散对DSS诱导的小鼠UC有治疗作用,其作用可能与其调节TLR4/NF-κB通路及相关炎症因子,从而减轻肠道炎症反应,缓解肠黏膜损伤有关。     

双歧杆菌对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠Toll样受体基因表达的干预作用

目的:探讨双歧杆菌(Bf)活制剂对大鼠溃疡性结肠炎(UC)肠黏膜上皮细胞(IEC)中TLR2、TLR4表达的干预作用,并探讨Bf治疗UC的机理。方法:将40只SPF级SD雄性大鼠随机分为3组:空白对照组、模型组、Bf组。建立大鼠UC模型,Bf组大鼠予双歧杆菌活菌制剂灌服;空白对照组及模型组则正常饲养,不予任何处理。1月后处死全部大鼠,观察大鼠一般情况的变化,分离IECs提取IEC中的总RNA,用RT-PCR法检测TLR2、TLR4的表达。结果:Bf组UC的症状、组织损害均较模型组明显减轻。模型组TLR2、TLR4的表达明显高于Bf组与对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),Bf组TLR2、TLR4的表达明显高于空白对照组(P<0.05)。结论:UC大鼠结肠黏膜TLR2、TLR4基因高表达,Bf对TLR2、TLR4基因表达有抑制作用,从而在缓解肠道的炎症中发挥作用。     

乳酸杆菌对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠黏膜Toll样受体2及核因子-kappa B表达的影响

目的:观察乳酸杆菌对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠黏膜Toll样受体2(TLR2)及核因子-kappa B(NF-κB)表达的影响,探讨乳酸杆菌辅助治疗溃疡性结肠炎的机制.方法:采用三硝基苯磺酸/乙醇法诱导大鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型.观察并评估大鼠一般状态及组织损伤情况,以RT-PCR法和免疫组织化学分别检测TLR2、NF-κB表达.结果:乳酸杆菌组组织损伤情况明显较模型组减轻.模型组大鼠肠黏膜TLR2、NF-κB表达情况明显高于正常对照组和乳酸杆菌组.结论:乳酸杆菌可以通过抑制TLRs/NF-κB通路发挥对溃疡性结肠炎的辅助治疗作用.     

青稞酥油饮食对小鼠肠道菌群以及葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导的小鼠结肠炎症状的影响

目的探求青稞酥油饮食对小鼠肠道微生物分布及葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的小鼠慢性溃疡性结肠炎的影响。方法定制饮食,将标准鼠繁殖料(N鼠料)中的大豆油和玉米次粉替换为等比例的酥油和生青稞粉,以制成定制饲料(C鼠料)。将28只5周龄雄性小鼠随机分为4组,每组7只:1)NW组:饲养以N鼠料和水;2)ND组:饲养以N鼠料和1.8%DSS;3)CW组:饲养以C鼠料和水;4)CD组:饲养以C鼠料和1.8%DSS。以7 d 1.8%DSS溶液之后换10 d蒸馏水为1个周期,共进行3个周期完成建模。匹拉米洞法测定小鼠粪便隐血进行DAI评分,选取结肠组织HE染色及粪便微生物16S rRNA高通量测序。结果青稞酥油饮食可提高正常小鼠肠道菌群丰度,改善肠道菌群组成,其中别样棒菌属增加。加入DSS诱导溃疡性结肠炎模型后,青稞酥油饮食组DAI评分显著增高(P0.05),组织学检测结肠黏膜糜烂溃疡且肠组织腺体排列混乱,小鼠肠道菌群丰度和多样性降低(P0.05),但梭菌属、萨特氏菌属增加(P0.05)。结论青稞酥油饮食可增加正常小鼠肠道菌群丰度,改善肠道菌群组成,但对于DSS诱导的慢性溃疡性结肠炎炎性反应无显著改善。     

TLR2/TLR4在失血性休克引发的脾组织TIPE2和TLR2/TLR4信号通路分子表达上调中的作用北大核心CSCD

目的研究发现,肠淋巴液回流是导致失血性休克后免疫功能紊乱的重要因素。本研究应用TLR2^(-/-)和TLR4^(-/-)小鼠探讨失血性休克对脾组织TIPE2和TLR2/TLR4信号下游分子表达的影响。方法将不同(C57BL/6J、TLR2^(-/-)、TLR4^(-/-))来源雄性小鼠随机分为Sham组、Shock组、Shock+Drainage组,分别予以不同手术处理后,无菌获取各实验组小鼠的脾组织。应用RTPCR技术分别检测WT小鼠脾组织TIPE2、TLR2、TLR4、MyD88、TRIF、TRAF3、TRAF6的mRNA表达。应用Western blotting技术分别检测不同小鼠(C57BL/6J、TLR2^(-/-)、TLR4^(-/-))脾组织TIPE2、TLR2、TLR4、MyD88、TRIF、TRAF3、TRAF6的蛋白表达。结果与Sham组相比,失血性休克后脾脏组织TIPE2、TLR2/TLR4及其下游分子表达水平均上调,肠淋巴液引流显著降低了失血性休克导致的TIPE2、TLR2/TLR4及其下游分子的高表达。TLR2的缺失降低了Shock组脾组织TIPE2、TLR4、MyD88、TRAF6的蛋白表达。TLR4缺失降低了Shock组TIPE2、TLR2、MyD88、TRIF、TRAF6的蛋白表达。结论以TLR2、TLR4作为干预靶点,TIPE2可能通过负反馈机制调控TLR2/TLR4信号通路下游分子mRNA和蛋白的表达,有利于促进失血性休克后免疫平衡状态的恢复。     

蒙花苷对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠黏膜屏障的影响

目的 探讨蒙花苷（linarin,LN）对溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative colitis,UC）小鼠肠黏膜屏障功能的影响及其相关机制。方法 采用3%右旋葡聚糖硫酸钠（dextran sodium sulfate,DSS）饮用法制作UC小鼠模型,将造模成功的小鼠分为模型组（Model）、柳氮磺吡啶组（SASP）、蒙花苷低剂量组（L-LN）、蒙花苷中剂量组（M-LN）和蒙花苷高剂量组（H-LN）,另设置正常对照组（Control）,连续灌胃给药7 d。评估小鼠疾病活动指数（disease activity index,DAI）评分;HE染色观察结肠组织病理学变化;测定肠道黏膜通透性（以尿液中的乳果糖和甘露醇的比值表示,即L/M值）;采用ELISA法测定结肠组织炎症因子IL-1β、TNF-α及IL-6及血清中黏膜屏障通透性标志物D-乳酸（D-lactic acid,D-LA）和二胺氧化酶（diamine oxidase,DAO）水平;Western blot检测小鼠结肠组织中紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、Occludin和TLR4/NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白TLR4,NF-κBp65、NF-κB...     

TLR2、TLR4 及 MyD88 高表达与 Cm 呼吸道感染肺组织炎症相关

目的:探讨沙眼衣原体呼吸道感染过程中C3H/ HeN(C3H)小鼠过度炎症反应的机制。方法:C3H 与C57BL/6(C57)小鼠鼻腔吸入1伊103 IFU 沙眼衣原体小鼠肺炎菌株(Cm),建立沙眼衣原体小鼠肺炎模型,使用RT-PCR 检测感染后不同时间点小鼠肺组织Toll 样受体TLR2、TLR4 及转导蛋白MyD88 mRNA 的表达。结果:使用1伊103 IFU 的Cm 呼吸道感染C3H与C57BL/6(C57)诱导小鼠衣原体肺炎,Cm 感染在高易感性的C3H 小鼠及低易感的C57 小鼠均诱导Toll 样受体的表达,但在感染后第7 天及第14 天,高易感的C3H 小鼠肺组织中TLR2 和TLR4 mRNA 的表达均显著高于C57 小鼠,尤其TLR2(P<0.001 或P<0.05),进一步研究发现Cm 呼吸道感染C3H 小鼠肺组织MyD88mRNA 的表达也显著高于C57 小鼠,并在感染后第14 天仍维持高表达。结论:Cm 呼吸道感染诱导TLR2、TLR4 及MyD88 在高易感的C3H 小鼠肺组织高表达,可能与C3H 小鼠肺组织过度炎症反应相关。     

丹皮酚对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠的治疗作用及机制

目的 探究丹皮酚对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠结肠损伤的保护作用及可能机制。方法 C57BL/6小鼠40只，随机分为对照组、溃疡性结肠炎组、丹皮酚低剂量组和丹皮酚高剂量组，每组10只。测量结肠长度并计算疾病活动指数评分；HE染色观察结肠组织形态学变化；ELISA方法检测结肠组织炎症因子水平及环腺苷酸（Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cAMP）含量；TUNEL方法检测结肠组织细胞凋亡；Western blot检测磷酸二酯酶4(phosphodiesterase 4, PDE4)和蛋白激酶A(protein kinase A, PKA)蛋白表达。结果 丹皮酚抑制溃疡性结肠炎小鼠结肠缩短，降低小鼠疾病活动指数评分，改善结肠组织形态，降低结肠组织细胞凋亡，抑制结肠组织炎症因子水平，降低结肠组织PDE4蛋白表达水平，增加结肠组织cAMP含量和PKA蛋白表达水平。结论 丹皮酚减轻溃疡性结肠炎小鼠结肠损伤，其作用机制可能与调控PDE4/cAMP/PKA通路有关。     

CD4单克隆抗体在体内诱导小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡

为研究抗ＣＤ４ ＭｃＡｂ引起胸腺细胞减少的机理，本课题探讨了ＣＤ４ ＭｃＡｂ诱导胸腺细胞发生凋亡的可能性。小鼠注射抗ＣＤ４ ＭｃＡｂ后，皮质胸腺细胞体积缩小，染色质凝聚；ＰＩ染色后经流式细胞计测定，显示大量的亚二倍体细胞（凋亡细胞，Ａｐｏｐｔｏｔｉｃ ｃｅｌｌｓ），与正常小鼠相比Ｐ〈０．００１；片断化ＤＮＡ的百分比也明显高于正常小鼠，Ｐ〈０．０１。片断化ＤＮＡ在凝胶电泳上呈现典型的阶梯现象。细胞内     

Higher Monocyte Expression of TLR2 and TLR4, and Enhanced Pro-inflammatory Synergy of TLR2 with NOD2 Stimulation in Sarcoidosis

Introduction  Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. However, an infectious cause has been proposed suggesting a role for pattern-recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding domain, leucin-rich repeat containing family proteins (NLRs), in the pathogenesis. Objective  Our aim was to investigate whether differences in TLR2 and TLR4 expression, and the response to TLR2, TLR4, and NOD2 stimulation, are associated with sarcoidosis. Materials and Methods  Blood mononuclear cells from sarcoidosis patients (n = 24) and healthy subjects (n = 19) were incubated with the TLR2 ligands PGN and Pam3CSK4, the TLR4 ligand LPS, the NOD2 ligand MDP, or medium alone. After 16 h, monocyte TLR2 and TLR4 expression and cytokine secretion, including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12p70, were measured using flow cytometry and cytometric bead array. Results  TLR2 and TLR4 expression at baseline was significantly higher in patients. Combined TLR2 and NOD2 stimulation induced a four-fold higher secretion of TNFα and a 13-fold higher secretion of IL-1β in patients. Additionally, there was a synergistic effect of TLR2 with NOD2 stimulation on induction of IL-1β in patients, whereas IL-10 was synergistically induced in healthy subjects. Conclusion  Increased TLR expression and enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines after combined TLR2 and NOD2 stimulation may be related to the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. This study was supported by the Swedish Heart–Lung Foundation, King Oscar II Jubilee Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, the U.S. National Institutes of Health (Grant No. 1 R21 HL077579-01), the Stockholm County Council and Karolinska Institutet.     

Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and 4 mutations in periodontal disease

Toll-like receptors (TLR) are signal molecules essential for the cellular response to bacterial cell wall components. Different functional effective polymorphisms for the TLR 4 gene (Asp299Gly; Thr399Ile) and for the TLR 2 gene (Arg677Trp, Arg753Gln) have recently been described that are associated with impaired lipopolysaccharide signal transduction. A total of 122 patients with chronic periodontal disease and 122 healthy unrelated controls were genotyped for the Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphism of the TLR 4 gene and the Arg677Trp and Arg753Gln mutation of the TLR 2 gene. The mutations were identified with polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The prevalence of the Asp299Gly and the Thr399Ile mutant allele was 4.1% (10/244) and 4.5% (11/244) among periodontitis patients. For the healthy controls the prevalence was 3.3% (8/244) for the Asp299Gly (P = 0.810) and 3.7% (9/244) for the Thr399Ile mutant allele (P = 0.819). The Arg753Gln mutant allele was found in 2.9% (7/244) of the periodontitis subjects as compared to 4.1% (10/244) in the control group (P = 0.622). The Arg677Trp mutant allele was not found in any of the study subjects. Unlike in ulcerative colitis there was not observed an association between chronic periodontitis and the various mutations of the TLR 2 and 4 gene.     

雾化吸入灭活草分支杆菌减轻哮喘小鼠气道炎症及对Toll样受体2表达的影响

目的研究雾化吸入灭活草分支杆菌对支气管哮喘小鼠气道炎症及肺组织细胞因子分泌的影响,探讨Toll样受体2(TLR2)表达在雾化吸入灭活草分支杆菌防治支气管哮喘中的作用。方法将24只雄性Balb/c小鼠按随机数字表法分为3组,每组8只:正常对照组(A)、哮喘模型组(B)、干预组(C)。卵清蛋白(OVA)致敏制小鼠支气管哮喘模型。C组在每次卵蛋白激发前给予雾化吸入草分枝杆菌治疗,每天1次。各组动物处死后提取肺组织和支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)。进行病理HE染色、AB-PAS染色观察支气管肺炎症和气道粘液分泌情况,并行半定量分析。BALF中炎症细胞计数,检测BALF中IL-4、IL-10、IFN-γ水平。实时定量PCR检测肺组织TLR2 mRNA表达水平。结果干预组BALF中IL-4分泌减少,IL-10、IFN-γ增加(P<0.05),BALF中嗜酸性粒细胞比例低于模型组,气道炎症病变较模型组减轻,肺组织TLR2 mRNA表达水平较模型组显著升高(P<0.05)。结论吸入草分枝杆菌能减轻支气管哮喘小鼠气道炎症,其效应与调节肺内细胞因子分泌有关。草分枝杆菌可能通过上调TLR2基因的表达调节支气管哮喘的免疫失衡。     

IL-13和IL-4在哮喘发病中的作用及相互关系

目的　探讨IL 13在哮喘发病中的作用及其与IL 4的相互关系。方法　哮喘组 2 4例 ,男 17例 ,女 7例 ;健康对照组 2 4例 ,男 12例 ,女 12例。用ELISA法检测不同时段PBMC培养上清IL 13和IL 4水平及加IL 13单克隆抗体 (McAb)和IL 4McAb干预后PBMC培养上清IL 4、IL 12、IL 13和IFN γ水平。结果　 (1)IL 13动态变化 :①对照组PBMC培养 3d、5d、7d水平均较培养 1d水平高 ,差异有显著性 ,培养 3d的水平较培养 5d、7d的高 ,差异有显著性 ;②哮喘组PBMC培养 3d、5d、7d的水平均较培养 1d的水平高 ,差异有显著性 ,培养 5d的水平均较培养 3d、7d的水平高 ,但之间差异无显著性 ;③哮喘组PBMC培养 3d、5d、7d的IL 13水平均较对照组高 ,差异有显著性。 (2 )IL 4动态变化 :①对照组和哮喘组PBMC培养 1d后 ,IL 4水平明显上升 ,第 3天仍保持较高水平 ,第 5、7天明显下降 ;②哮喘组 1d、3d、5d和 7d水平均较对照组高 ,差异有显著性。 (3)IL 4McAb干预后 ,哮喘组和正常组IL 13水平与对应小鼠IgG组相比有显著性降低 ,哮喘组IFN γ水平与对应小鼠IgG组相比有显著性增高。 (4)IL 13McAb干预后IL 12水平在哮喘组和正常组均提高 ,与对应小鼠IgG组相比差异有显著性。 (5 )IL 13McAb和IL 4McAb联合干预后哮喘组I     

Subcutaneous immunization with Streptococcus pneumoniae GAPDH confers effective protection in mice via TLR2 and TLR4

The surface localized Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) of Streptococcus pneumoniae is best known as housekeeping protein. Currently, GAPDH has been recognized as moonlighting protein and virulent factor. Therefore, we investigate whether GAPDH can act as a suitable vaccine candidate protein to prevent pneumococcal infection. In this study, mice received subcutaneous vaccination with recombinant GAPDH followed by challenge with D39 and 19F showing higher survival rate and lower bacterial loads in nasal washes and lung homogenates than control. Meanwhile, high titers of rGAPDH specific antibody and elevated titers of IgG subtype indicated that rGAPDH could elicit immune response in mice. Then, we investigated the mechanism that immunization with rGAPDH conferred protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae in host. In vitro experiments, rGAPDH induced phenotypic and functional maturation of BMDCs, because the high expression of CD40, CD86 and MHC II and the production of IL-12p70, IL-6 and TNF-α were observed after treatment with rGAPDH. However, the costimulatory molecules and cytokines declined significantly in TLR2^−/− and TLR4^−/− mice, indicating rGAPDH can be a potential ligand for both TLR2 and TLR4. Subsequent investigations suggested that rGAPDH could also activate the phosphorylation of MAPKs, PI3K-Akt and NF-κB. Meantime, upregulation of mir-146a and downregulation of mir-27a in BMDCs were observed. Taken together, our findings confirm that rGAPDH, a housekeeping protein, is also qualified as a vaccine candidate protein and rGAPDH activates BMDCs in a TLR2 and TLR4 dependent manner.     

美沙拉嗪对DSS诱导小鼠溃疡性结肠炎模型Th1、Th17及Treg细胞亚群的影响

 目的:观察葡聚糖硫酸钠（DSS）诱导小鼠溃疡性结肠炎（UC）模型中辅助性T细胞（Th1、Th17亚群）及调节性T细胞（Treg）细胞亚群的变化,探讨美沙拉嗪（MSLZ）治疗UC的免疫学机制。方法: 采用流式细胞分析术检测DSS诱导的小鼠UC模型结肠组织及外周血单个核细胞中白细胞介素17（IL-17）、γ-干扰素（IFN-γ）及核转录因子Foxp3的表达,并检测MSLZ预治疗对小鼠UC 模型Th1、Th17和Treg亚群的影响。结果: 在DSS诱导的小鼠UC模型中,其外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）中CD3+T细胞高表达IL-17、IFN-γ及Foxp3,肠黏膜单个核细胞（LPMC）中CD3+T细胞高表达IFN-γ和Foxp3,但IL-17的表达与对照组无差异。进一步发现UC模型小鼠LPMC中Th17、Th1和Treg均显著高于对照组,但PBMC中只有Treg高于对照组。MSLZ预治疗能显著下调UC 模型小鼠PBMC和LPMC中Th17、Th1和Treg细胞亚群。结论: DSS诱导的小鼠 UC模型中CD4+T细胞亚群Th1、Th17及Treg细胞显著升高,提示CD4+T细胞亚群在UC发病中起重要作用,美沙拉嗪可能通过调节Th1、Th17及Treg细胞亚群发挥抗炎及治疗UC作用。     

Relationship of TLR2, TLR4 and tissue remodeling in chronic rhinosinusitis

In order to explore the role of innate immunity in the remodeling of CRS (chronic rhinosinusitis), we investigated the correlation between TLR2, TLR4 and remodeling involved cytokines and histopathological features. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect the expression of TLR2, TLR4 and TGF-β1. Masson staining was used for observing the collagen deposition. The other histopathologic features of remodeling were observed by hemotoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Nasal epithelial cell culture was used to elucidate the effect of TLR2, TLR4 agonists and inhibitors on the expression of TGF-β1 and MMP-9. The association study showed that the significantly higher expression of TLR2, TLR4, TGF-β1 and collagen appeared in CRSsNP (chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps) patients compared with CRSwNP (chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps) patients. In CRSsNP, patients with a severe epithelial damage (score 3) had a significantly higher expression of TLR2 than patients with mild epithelial damage (score ≤ 2) (P < 0.05). Moreover the expression of TLR2 correlated negatively with squamous hyperplasia in CRSsNP, and positively with gland hyperplasia in CRSwNP. The expression of TLR2 and TLR4 was closely related to neutrophil infiltration in CRSsNP (P < 0.01). TGF-β1 was downregulated by TLR2 agonist in CRSwNP and upregulated by TLR4 agonist in CRSsNP (P < 0.05). MMP-9 was upregulated by TLR4 agonist in CRSwNP (P < 0.05). TLR2 and TLR4 had close relationship with TGF-β1 and the histologic features of remodeling, especially collagen deposition and neutrophil infiltration in CRSsNP. The innate immunity could influence the histologic characteristics and involved cytokines through TLR2 and TLR4 in the remodeling of CRS.