西帕依固龈液的抑菌作用和防治牙龈炎的临床效果评价

目的 观察西帕依固龈液体外抑制牙周可疑致病菌的作用和体内防治牙龈炎的临床疗效.方法 用琼脂稀释法测定西帕依固龈液对牙龈卟啉单胞菌、中间普雷沃菌和具核梭杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC);将临床诊断为单纯性牙龈炎的50例患者随机分为实验组和对照组,基线检查后分别给予西帕依固龈液和不含有效成分基质的含漱液漱口,观察使用含漱液漱口7 d后两组受试者龈沟出血指数CSBI)和菌斑指数(PLI)的变化.结果 西帕依固龈液对牙龈卟啉单胞菌、具核梭杆菌的MIC是1.0g/L,对中间普雷沃菌的MIC是0.5 g/L:实验组用药前后的SBI和PLI差异有统计学意义,用药后两组的SBI和PLI差异有统计学意义.结论 西帕依固龈液对牙周可疑致病菌具有明显的抑制作用,可减少牙菌斑的堆积、降低SBI和改善牙龈健康.     

西帕依固龈含漱液治疗慢性牙龈炎的临床效果观察

目的：观察西帕依固龈含漱液治疗慢性牙龈炎的临床疗效.方法：选取慢性牙龈炎患者150例作为研究对象,随机分研究组和对照组.研究组使用西帕依固龈含漱液,对照组使用朵贝氏液含漱.对比两组病例牙龈充血水肿改善情况,龈沟出血指数以及菌斑指数的变化情况.结果：研究组治疗后牙龈指数临床总有效率92％,龈沟出血有效率88％,菌斑指数有效率80％,均优于对照组的80％、72％和64％,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论：西帕依固龈含漱液治疗牙龈炎疗效较好、较安全,有较好的临床应用前景.     

西帕依固龈液治疗青春期牙龈炎的临床疗效评价

目的 评价西帕依固龈液体防治青春期牙龈炎的临床疗效.方法 将80例青春期牙龈炎患者随机分成实验组30例、对照组30例及空白组20例,分别使用西帕依固龈液、复方氯己定含漱液及生理盐水,嘱患者含漱5ml/次,3 min/次,3次/d,使用2周.观察患者的牙龈指数(gingival index,GI),龈沟出血指数(sulcus bleeding index,SBI),菌斑指数(plaque index,PLI).结果 2周后实验组和对照组患者的GI,SBI,PLI均有明显改善(P＜0.05),空白组无显著变化.对照组的不良反应发生率为16.7％,实验组和空白组无不良反应.结论 西帕依固龈液能降低GI,SBI,PLI指数,改善牙龈症状,且不良反应发生率低,对青春期牙龈炎有一定的治疗效果.     

西帕依固龈液和没食子体外抗白色念珠菌的活性测定

目的：体外观察西帕依固龈液和没食子对白色念珠菌的作用,并对二者的抑菌和杀菌效果进行评价。方法：采用常量肉汤稀释法,检测西帕依固龈液和没食子的抑菌和杀菌效果。结果：西帕依固龈液对白色念珠菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为5mg/ml,最低杀菌浓度（MBC）为10mg/ml;没食子提取液对白色念珠菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为25mg/ml,杀菌浓度（MBC）为50mg/ml。结论：没食子提取液和西帕依固龈液在体外均具有一定的抗白色念珠菌活性。     

西帕依固龈液治疗慢性牙周炎的疗效观察

西帕依固龈液由没食子制成,主治牙周疾病引起的牙齿酸软,咀嚼无力,松动移位,牙龈出血等[1]。本试验通过对92例分别使用西帕依固龈液和口泰的慢性牙周炎病人的牙周状况检查,旨在了解西帕依固龈的临床疗效。     

西帕依固龈液治疗急性放射性口炎疗效观察

目的观察西帕依固龈液治疗急性放射性口炎的临床疗效。方法选取口腔及鼻咽癌患者放疗过程中出现急性放射性口炎患者70例,随机平均分为2组。实验组使用西帕依固龈液,对照组使用稀释后的复方硼砂液含漱治疗,含漱时间为晨起、3餐后清洁口腔后及临睡前,每次5～10ml,含漱2～3min,共使用2周;对2种药物的治疗效果进行比较。结果使用西帕依固龈液治疗急性放射性口炎35例,有效30例,有效率85.71%;使用复方硼砂液治疗35例,有效15例,有效率为42.86%;西帕依固龈液疗效明显优于复方硼砂液（P〈0.001）。结论西帕依固龈液对治疗急性放射性口炎具有较好的临床效果。     

西帕依固龈液用于口腔念珠菌病的治疗

口腔念珠菌病是临床工作中常见病和多发病,2005-10～2007-10我科将西帕依固龈液与制霉菌素片联合使用治疗口腔念珠菌病,取得满意疗效,现报道如下:     

西帕依固龈液用于治疗口腔疾病中的研究现状

口腔是一个复杂的环境，其中的多种细菌及其代谢产物可以原发或继发引起多种口腔疾病。西帕依固龈液在药理及临床实验中均表明有明显的抗菌、消炎、镇痛及抑制自由基等作用，并具有清洁口腔和除臭之功效，可应用于多种口腔疾病的辅助治疗。该文就西帕依固龈液用于治疗口腔疾病的研究现状作一综述。     

2种上颌快速扩弓器临床效果的Meta分析

目的:比较牙支持式及混合支持式扩弓器进行上颌快速扩弓的临床效果.方法:计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMbase、CBM、中国知网、维普、万方数据库,收集所有比较牙支持式及混合支持式扩弓器进行上颌快速扩弓的文献,检索时限均从建库至2015-10-31.按照纳入、排除标准,由2位研究者评价纳入研究的质量并提取资料后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析.结果:共纳入研究8篇,患者206例.Meta分析结果显示,牙支持式及混合支持式扩弓器相比,两者在扩弓矫治前后右侧第一磨牙倾斜角度变化[MD=-1.62,95％CI(-3.18,-0.07)]、第一前磨牙间距变化[SMD=-0.86,95％CI(-1.47,0.25)]、牙槽突倾斜角变化[SMD=-0.86,95％CI(-1.10,-0.20)]方面的差异有统计学意义.在扩弓矫治前后第一磨牙间距变化[SMD=-0.08,95％CI(-0.61,0.45)]、左侧第一磨牙倾斜角度变化[MD=-1.12,95％CI(-2.57,0.33)]、上颌骨横向宽度变化[SMD=-0.30,95％ CI(-1.08,0.47)]方面的差异无统计学意义.结论:牙支持式及混合支持式扩弓器对上颌牙弓的扩张效果相当,牙支持式扩弓器会造成更多的第一磨牙及牙槽突倾斜.     

西帕依固龈液合剂治疗复发性阿弗他溃疡的疗效研究

按照阿弗他溃疡诊断标准选取病例100 例,随机分为试验组和对照组各50 例,试验组用西帕依固龈液合剂,对照组用复方氯已定含漱液治疗,疗程7 d.结果表明西帕依固龈液合剂治疗轻型阿弗他溃疡有效率高于复方氯已定.     

Effectiveness of systemic amoxicillin/metronidazole as adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: The combination of Amoxicillin and metronidazole (AMX/MET) as an adjunctive treatment to scaling root planing (SRP) has been proposed for the treatment of chronic periodontitis; however, its effectiveness and clinical safety remain to be defined. The purpose of the present meta-analysis is to assess the effectiveness of SRP + AMX/MET compared to SRP alone. Methods: An electronic search of eight databases from their earliest records through October 8, 2011 and a hand search of international dental journals for the last 15 years were conducted. Gain in clinical attachment level (CAL), reduction in probing depth (PD), secondary outcomes, and adverse events were analyzed. A random-effect model was used to pool the extracted data. The weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for continuous outcomes; heterogeneity was assessed with the Cochrane χ(2) and I(2) tests. The level of significance was set at P <0.05. Results: After the selection process, four randomized clinical trials were included. Results of the meta-analysis showed significant CAL gain (WMD = 0.21; 95% CI = 0.02 to 0.4; P <0.05) and PD reduction (WMD = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.24 to 0.63; P <0.05) in favor of SRP + AMX/MET. No significant differences were found for bleeding on probing (WMD = 10.77; 95% CI = -3.43 to 24.97; P >0.05) or suppuration (WMD = 1.77; 95% CI = -1.7 to 5.24; P >0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this meta-analysis seem to support the effectiveness of SRP + AMX/MET; however, future studies are needed to confirm these results.     

Full-mouth treatment concepts for chronic periodontitis: a systematic review

Objectives: To systematically review the effectiveness of full-mouth treatment concepts for chronic periodontitis.
Material and Methods: A search was conducted for randomized, controlled clinical trials including full-mouth scaling with (FMD) or without (FMS) the use of antiseptics and quadrant scaling (control). Data sources included COHG, CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE. Reviewers independently conducted data abstraction and quality assessment. The primary outcome was tooth loss; secondary outcomes were the reductions of PPD and BOP and a gain of CAL.
Results: Of 216 identified abstracts, seven trials were included. Meta-analysis revealed a weighted mean difference (WMD) for the reduction of PPD between FMD and control of 0.53 mm [95% confidence interval (CI) (0.28, 0.77), p <0.0001] in moderately deep pockets of single-rooted teeth. The WMD for gain in CAL was 0.33 mm [95% CI (0.04, 0.63), p =0.03] in moderately deep pockets of single- and multi-rooted teeth. Comparing FMD and FMS, the WMD for the reduction of CAL amounted to 0.74 mm [95% CI (0.17, 1.31), p =0.01] in deep pockets of multi-rooted teeth in favour of FMS. For BOP a WMD –18.0% [95% CI (−34.30, −1.70), p =0.03] was calculated in deep pockets of single-rooted teeth in favour of FMD.
Conclusions: In adults with chronic periodontitis only minor differences in treatment effects were observed between the treatment strategies.     

The long-term effect of a mouthrinse containing essential oils on dental plaque and gingivitis: a systematic review

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to review the literature on the effects of a mouthrinse containing essential oils (EO) on plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation. METHODS: The MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to and including December 2006 to identify appropriate studies. The primary outcome measure was gingivitis. Secondary parameters were plaque and, when reported, staining. RESULTS: Independent screening of titles and abstracts of 566 papers resulted in 11 publications that met the criteria of eligibility. In all studies, EO was used as an adjunct to regular daily toothbrushing. A statistically significant reduction in overall gingivitis was noted compared to the control (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.46 to -0.19, P <0.00001; test for heterogeneity: P <0.00001, I(2) = 96.7%). For interproximal sites the use of the test mouthrinse resulted in significantly more gingivitis reduction compared to control mouthrinse (WMD: -0.29, 95% CI: -0.48 to -0.11, P = 0.002; test for heterogeneity: P <0.00001, I(2) = 95.18%), whereas no differences were observed compared to dental floss. With respect to plaque scores, EO produced significant overall reductions in plaque (WMD: -0.83, 95% CI: -1.13 to -0.53, P <0.00001; test for heterogeneity: P <0.00001, I(2) = 96.1%). Separate analysis for interproximal areas revealed that EO resulted in more pronounced plaque drops compared to the control mouthrinse (WMD: -1.02, 95% CI: -1.44 to -0.60, P <0.00001; test for heterogeneity: P <0.00001, I(2) = 96.1%) or the use of floss (WMD: -0.75, 95% CI: -1.15 to -0.363, P <0.0002; test for heterogeneity: P <0.0002, I(2) = 93.0%). Most studies agreed that EO did not produce more staining than the control products. CONCLUSION: When used as an adjunct to unsupervised oral hygiene, EO provides an additional benefit with regard to plaque and gingivitis reduction as compared to a placebo or control.     

微创骨皮质切开加速牙移动的临床效果及安全性的Meta分析

目的系统评价颌骨微创骨皮质切开加速牙移动的临床效果及安全性。 方法检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网（CNKI）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）、万方、维普资讯等数据库,检索时间限定至2019年2月。由2位研究者独立使用标准化方法从符合纳入标准的文献中提取相关数据并进行质量学评价。根据各研究间的异质性,采用固定或随机效应模型计算效应合并值的加权均数差（WMD）和相应的95%可信区间（95% CI）进行分析。采用Stata 11.0软件对资料进行Meta分析。 结果最终共纳入9篇文献（5篇随机对照临床试验、4篇临床对照试验）,包括171例受试者。Meta分析结果显示：行颌骨微创骨皮质切开后上颌尖牙移动的差异有统计学意义[WMD = 0.36,95% CI（0.19,0.53）];治疗完成时间差异有统计学意义[WMD = -5.41,95% CI（-6.63,-4.18）];切开前后上颌第一磨牙位置差异无统计学意义[（WMD = -0.41,95% CI（-0.88,0.06）];切开前后尖牙根尖吸收风险差异无统计学意义[WMD = -0.20,95% CI（-0.48,0.88）]。 结论颌骨微创骨皮质切开法能加速早期牙移动,缩短治疗时间;上颌第一磨牙近中移位不明显,尖牙根尖吸收风险未增加。     

The effectiveness of self-performed mechanical plaque control with triclosan containing dentifrices

Abstract: Objective: To assess the effectiveness of self‐performed mechanical plaque control with triclosan (5‐chloro‐2‐(2,4 dichlorophenoxy)phenol) containing dentifrice. Search strategy: An electronic search of the National Library of Medicine, Washington DC (Medline‐PubMed; up to and including March 2005) was performed using specific search terms to identify clinical trials of ≥6 months in duration, which assessed the effect of various forms of plaque control in gingivitis subjects. In those trials the manual toothbrush group (frequently the control group) served to provide data for the assessment of the effectiveness of self‐performed mechanical plaque control with a triclosan‐containing dentifrice. The data were analysed depending on the (baseline) intervention, being either a professional oral hygiene instructions, a prophylaxis, or both. Data collection and analysis: Two reviewers extracted information (KPKJH and GAW). Where appropriate plaque and gingivitis data for baseline and end‐trial were used to calculate weighted mean differences (WMD) with the appropriate 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a random effect models. Main results: Of 105 titles and abstracts, 18 trials were found suitable for clinical data were extracted. Meta‐analysis were conducted. In studies (n = 9) evaluating a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice, plaque control [Quigley and Hein (1962) Journal of American Dental Association, Vol. 65: pp. 26–29] was significantly improved compared with a control fluoride dentifrice, with a WMD of ?0.48 (95% CI: ?0.73 to ?0.24). For gingival inflammation as assessed with the gingival index [Löe and Silness (1963) Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, Vol. 21: pp. 533–551] a significant WMD of ?0.24 (95% CI: ?0.35 to ?0.13) was found. From studies (n = 6) evaluating the Triclosan zinc/citrate dentifrices a small but significant WMD for plaque control [Silness and Löe (1964) Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, Vol. 22: pp. 121–135] was observed in favour of the test group as compared with the standard fluoride dentifrice formulations (WMD ?0.07, 95% CI: ?0.10 to 0.05). While at baseline the proportion of bleeding was comparable, at the end of the studies a significant ?10.81% WMD (95% CI: ?12.69 to ?8.93) in favour of the triclosan/zinc citrate dentifrice was observed. Conclusion: This systematic review indicates, based on studies ≥6 months of duration in adults with gingivitis, that the effectiveness of self‐performed mechanical plaque control with a triclosan‐containing dentifrice, had a significant albeit small positive effect on the reduction of plaque and gingivitis.     

拔牙与非拔牙矫治对正面微笑美学影响的meta分析

]目的：系统评价并比较拔牙与非拔牙矫治对正面微笑美学的影响。方法检索并收集自数据库建库至2014年8月31日期间万方数据库、中国学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、维普数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)以及Medline、Cochrane Library数据库所收录的有关拔牙与非拔牙矫治对正面微笑美学影响的临床对照研究。采用Review Manager 5.2软件对纳入文献的数据进行meta分析。结果共纳入8篇研究。Meta分析显示,经过拔牙与非拔牙矫治后,正面微笑美学的主观审美得分分别为5.74~7.05分和5.53~7.02分（10分制）[WMD=0.09,95%CI（-0.28,0.46）,P=0.64],颊廊系数分别为0.12~0.19和0.11~0.18 [WMD=0.01,95%CI（-0.00,0.02）,P=0.09],上颌可见牙列宽度分别为26.3~52.17 mm和25.43~52.37 mm [WMD=-0.13,95%CI（-1.01,0.75）,P=0.77]以及微笑高度分别为5.7~10.39 mm和5.4~9.97 mm [WMD=0.38,95%CI（-0.27,1.03）,P=0.25],各指标之间均无显著差异。结论目前的临床证据资料尚不足以支持拔牙矫治能够对正面微笑美学产生影响。由于纳入研究偏少及研究中存在的异质性,尚需开展更多设计良好的相关前瞻性分析。     

慢性牙周炎主要牙周致病菌和口臭的相关性分析

目的：分析慢性牙周炎主要牙周致病菌与口臭程度的相关性。方法：选取慢性牙周炎伴口臭患者43例作为研究对象,检测其主要牙周致病菌VSCs含量和OS值,并对OS值和VSCs水平与临床指标以及VSCs水平与Pg、Pi、Tf、Td进行相关分析。结果：治疗前研究组的PD、BI、CAL、OS值和VSCs水平高于对照组,治疗后研究组PD、BI、CAL、OS值和VSCs水平与治疗前相比明显降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。治疗后研究组OS值和VSCs水平与PD、BI、CAL呈正相关,且VSCs水平与舌背、龈下菌斑中Pg、Pi、Tf、Td也呈正相关。结论：慢性牙周炎主要牙周致病菌与口臭程度存在着高度相关性,有效降低牙周致病菌水平,可以改善口臭值。     

Relationship between subjective halitosis and psychological factors

Objectives: Subjective halitosis is a growing concern in the fields of dentistry and psychology. This study was designed to determine the association between subjective halitosis and contributing psychological factors. Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study were gathered from 4,763 participants who had answered questions on subjective halitosis and psychological factors (depression, anxiety, stress and personality traits) in the study on the epidemiology of psychological, alimentary health and nutrition (SEPAHAN). Binary logistic regression was used for data analysis. Result: The mean age of all subjects was 36.58 years; and the majority of subjects were female (55.8%), married (81.2%) and graduates (57.2%). The prevalence of subjective halitosis was 52.8%. The majority of subjects with the complaint of subjective halitosis were married (P < 0.001) and young (P = 0.07). Participants with subjective halitosis were significantly more anxious [odds ratio (OR) = 1.76, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.38–2.24], stressed (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.17–1.71) and depressed (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.09–1.57). Among personality traits, neuroticism was a risk factor (tertile 1 vs. tertile 2: OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.09–1.51; and tertile 1 vs. tertile 3: OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.43–2.13) and conscientiousness was revealed to be a protective factor (tertile 1 vs. tertile 2: OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70–0.98; and tertile 1 vs. tertile 3: OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.53–0.80). Conclusion: It seems that psychological factors, such as anxiety, depression and stress, as well as some personality traits, can be considered as risk factors for subjective halitosis. Multidisciplinary efforts by dental and psychological professionals must be considered to address this problem.Key words: Behavioural science, halitosis, oral hygiene