糖化血红蛋白和糖化血清蛋白在2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血糖监测中的作用

目的 分析糖化血红蛋白和糖化血清蛋白在2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血糖监测中的作用.方法 选择2015年3月至2016年3月我院收治的2型糖尿病(T2DM)并高血压患者118例作为研究组,并选取同期确诊为高血压患者97例作为对照组,观察两组治疗前后糖化血清蛋白(GSP)与糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)的变化和初诊时两组生化指标变化情况.结果 两组GSP与HbAlc情况均有变化,但研究组GSP与HbAlc降低速度比对照组快(P＜0.05);研究组相关生化指标显著优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 HbAlc与GSP在T2DM合并高血压疗效评定与诊断具重要监测价值,具有一定临床应用价值.     

2型糖尿病糖化血红蛋白与视网膜和周围神经病变的关系探讨

糖尿病患者视网膜(DR)病变和糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN)是2型糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)常见的并发症,为了解糖代谢紊乱与DR、DPN之间的关系,我们对86例DPN患者、96例DM、52例DM伴DR及150例正常人的糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、血糖、总胆固醇及甘油三脂进行了测定分析,以探讨其与DR、DPN病变的关系,现将结果报告如下:     

糖化血清蛋白与糖尿病周围神经病变的关系及机制

目的探讨糖化血清蛋白(GSP)水平以及炎性反应对糖尿病(DM)患者周围神经病变的影响及潜在机制。方法 132例DM患者按神经自觉症状和肌电图检查分为单纯DM组(SDM组)和周围神经病变组(DPN),所有患者测血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、GSP、血脂、肌酐及血清超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平,比较各组间所测指标的差异性,并分析GSP与各指标的相关性。结果 DPN组患者年龄、DM病程、HbA1c、GSP、hs-CRP水平均显著高于SDM组。单因素回归分析显示年龄、DM病程、GSP、hs-CRP、HbA1c水平与DPN相关;多因素logistic回归分析提示,在控制年龄、DM病程、血糖等因素后,GSP仍然为DPN的独立危险因素。Pearson相关分析提示,GSP与HbA1c、hs-CRP水平呈正相关。结论 GSP是DPN的独立危险因素,其机制可能与长期血糖控制不佳和其促进炎性反应、损伤血管内皮功能、加重神经损伤有关。     

联合测定空腹血糖和糖化血清蛋白在糖尿病诊断中的临床意义

目的联合测定空腹血糖(FPG)和糖化血清蛋白(GSP)的水平,评价其在糖尿病诊断中的临床意义。方法用日立7020型全自动生化分析仪检测45例糖尿病患者和31例健康体检者的空腹血糖、糖化血清蛋白水平,用统计学处理进行分析。结果糖尿病患者和健康体检者的空腹血糖和糖化血清蛋白结果相比较皆有显著性差异(P<0.05)。糖尿病患者的空腹血糖与糖化血清蛋白呈正相关,其相关系数为:r=0.8263。结论联合测定空腹血糖和糖化血清蛋白可作为诊断糖尿病的敏感性指标,具有较好的临床价值。     

糖化血红蛋白检测对糖尿病微血管病变评估的价值

目的探讨糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平对2型糖尿病微血管病变患者的评估价值。方法对45例2型糖尿病微血管病变患者、41例无微血管病变患者及42例正常对照患者分别检测HbAlc及空腹血糖(FBG)水平。结果微血管病变组HbAlc、FBG与无微血管病变组、正常对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);无微血管病变组HbAlc、FBG与正常对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 HbAlc检测有助于判定糖尿病微血管病变的发生、发展,提高对糖尿病肾病的预防和早期诊断。     

哈尔滨地区糖化血红蛋白诊断糖尿病切点选择

目的 本研究应用ROC曲线分析糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)在哈尔滨地区2型糖尿病中作为诊断标准的应用特点.方法 通过口服75 9无水葡萄糖耐量试验,选取2型糖尿病患者712例,非糖尿病人为680例,并同时进行HbAlc、人体测量及生化指标检测.分析并比较HbAlc与FIG、2HPG之间的相关性,通过绘稍ROC曲线确定HbAlc诊断2型耱尿病的最佳切点.结果 通过ROC曲线绘制及约登指数得到最佳切点为6.2%,其诊断2型糖尿病的灵敏度为80.2%,特异度为88.5%,曲线下面积为0.92.结论 哈尔滨地区2型糖尿病患者其HbAlc≥6.2为诊断糖尿病的最佳切点.     

空腹血糖/糖化血红蛋白/糖化清蛋白检测的临床应用

目的:研究空腹血糖(FBG),糖化血红蛋白(Hb Alc),糖化清蛋白(GA)3个指标在2型糖尿病诊断中的应用价值。方法:检测健康者与确诊糖尿病患者之间的空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb Alc)、糖化清蛋白(GA)3个指标,观察健康对照组与糖尿病组之间的差异。结果:糖尿病组3个指标的统计结果明显高于健康对照组(P0.01),两组间有显著性差异。FBG与Hb Alc和GA相关性良好,均呈正相关。结论:2型糖尿病患者FBG与Hb Alc和GA相关性良好,联合测定FBG与Hb Alc和GA,可较全面地提供糖尿病患者的血糖信息,对诊断、预防和治疗糖尿病具有很高的临床应用价值。亦可根据其针对的侧重点不同,选择性测定,降低糖尿病患者检测负担。     

2型糖尿病患者联合检测糖化血红蛋白和糖化血清蛋白的临床价值

目的：探讨联合检测糖化血红蛋白和糖化血清蛋白对诊断和监测2型糖尿病患者病情的意义。方法：选取2008～2010年于本院确诊为2型糖尿病（DM）的患者200例和对照组207例进行空腹血糖（GLU）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、糖化血清蛋白（GSP）检测,两组数据进行统计学对比,观察糖尿病血糖水平和持续时间与HbA1c和GSP的关系。结果：DM患者的HbA1c和GSP与血糖持续时间和水平呈正相关,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：糖化血红蛋白和糖化血清蛋白的联合检测对早期诊断2型糖尿病和帮助判断治疗水平,对控制和减少糖尿病并发症的发生、发展有重要意义。     

血清胰高血糖素样肽-1与糖尿病周围神经病变相关性研究

目的 探讨血清胰高血糖素样肽-1(glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)与糖尿病周围神经神经病变(diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN)的关系.方法 将58例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者分为并发周围神经病变组(DPN组)及单纯T2DM(DM组),对照组为健康体检者(N组).3组研究对象均测定空腹及糖负荷2h血糖、血清GLP-1、C肽,同时测定糖 化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin A1c,HbA1c)及血脂等生化指标.样本均数间比较采用t检验,指标间相关性采用Spearman相关分析.结果 DM组患者血清GLP-1水平明显低于N组,合并DPN组低于无DPN组;血清GLP-1水平与血糖、HbA1c、三酰甘油(triacylglycerd,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipophorin,LDL-C)水平呈负相关,而与C肽呈正相关.结论 低血清GLP-1与T2DM周围神经病变密切相关,是其发病相关因素之一.     

2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白与血糖的相关性研究

目的：探讨2型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白与血糖之间的关系。方法：本组抽取门诊于2011年11月至2013年11月诊治的2型糖尿病患者38例作为观察组,取同期体检正常者40例作为对照组,测量两组患者GLU（空腹血糖）、2hPG（餐后2h血糖）以及HbAlc（糖化血红蛋白）。结果：观察组患者的GLU、2hPG、HbAlc均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,HbAlc与GLU与2hPG相关系数分别为r=0.38、r=0.79,可见HbAlc与GLU、2hPG呈正相关关系。结论：2型糖尿病患者的HbAlc随着血糖的升高而升高,对确定临床治疗方案具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.