脱细胞异体真皮与自体表皮复合移植修复创面

目的　研究应用脱细胞异体真皮与自体表皮复合移植修复创面的临床效果。　方法　 2 0 0 0年 7月～2 0 0 2年 8月 ,应用脱细胞异体真皮与自体表皮构成的复合皮对 34例头颈、躯干及四肢等部位的创面进行修复 ,创面最小5 cm× 10 cm,最大 12 cm× 19cm,其中陈旧性肉芽创面 2例 ,巨大色素痣切除创面 4例 ,皮肤广泛毛细血管瘤切除后创面 6例 ,瘢痕切除后创面 2 2例。观察移植皮片的成活率及愈后皮片色泽、功能情况。　结果　临床应用 34例 ,术后移植复合皮全部成活 ,30例获 3个月～ 2年随访 ,移植皮片颜色与周围正常肤色接近 ,皮片柔软 ,瘢痕增生不明显 ,功能改善显著。　结论　脱细胞异体真皮与自体表皮复合移植较单纯自体表皮移植后 ,皮片质量及关节部位功能上均有明显改善 ,尤其适合于四肢创面修复。     

人工真皮复合自体刃厚皮片移植治疗烧伤后关节瘢痕挛缩

目的观察人工真皮复合自体刃厚皮片移植治疗烧伤后关节部位瘢痕挛缩的疗效。方法选择深度烧伤后期瘢痕严重增生挛缩造成关节畸形的患者40例,共46个关节部位。在全身麻醉下切除挛缩瘢痕,彻底松解,矫正关节畸形,先用人工真皮覆盖创面,后移植自体刃厚皮片。嘱患者早期行功能锻炼。术后随访6个月,对术后局部外形、弹性、硬度、关节功能等进行效果评价。结果所有患者利用人工真皮复合自体刃厚皮片移植后皮瓣全部成活,外形、质地及关节功能明显改善。结论人工真皮复合自体刃厚皮片移植术可用于治疗深度烧伤患者关节部位的瘢痕挛缩。     

异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植的临床应用

目的:探讨异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损创面及其愈合后皮肤的外形和功能。方法:应用异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮片组成复合皮移植,以自体刃厚皮片移植作为对照,采用一步移植法治疗切痂后大面积深度烧伤创面及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损共56例患者60处创面,观察术后皮片的成活情况、外形及功能恢复情况并随访。结果:60处创面全部愈合,移植皮片生长良好,瘢痕增生不明显,未见明显挛缩,皮肤弹性较好。在6～12个月的观察期内,自体刃厚皮片与异体脱细胞真皮基质复合移植后,功能和形态优于单纯自体刃厚皮片移植;随访2年复合移植未发现明显的排异反应。结论:异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损创面愈合良好,无瘢痕增生,皮肤外观功能满意,无排异反应。     

异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植的临床应用

目的:探讨异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损创面及其愈合后皮肤的外形和功能。方法:应用异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮片组成复合皮移植,以自体刃厚皮片移植作为对照,采用一步移植法治疗切痂后大面积深度烧伤创面及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损共56例患者60处创面,观察术后皮片的成活情况、外形及功能恢复情况并随访。结果:60处创面全部愈合,移植皮片生长良好,瘢痕增生不明显,未见明显挛缩,皮肤弹性较好。在6～12个月的观察期内,自体刃厚皮片与异体脱细胞真皮基质复合移植后,功能和形态优于单纯自体刃厚皮片移植;随访2年复合移植未发现明显的排异反应。结论:异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤及瘢痕切除后皮肤缺损创面愈合良好,无瘢痕增生,皮肤外观功能满意,无排异反应。     

烧伤后期瘢痕整形手术应用异体脱细胞真皮基质与自体薄皮片复合移植的临床研究

目的:总结大面积烧伤后期瘢痕畸形整形应用异体脱细胞真皮基质(ADM)+自体薄皮片复合移植的术后效果,为提高异体ADM移植的成功率提供临床经验。方法:2010年1月-2015年12月在大面积烧伤后期瘢痕整形手术中应用异体ADM与自体薄皮片复合移植201例,手术行瘢痕局部切除、挛缩松解,异体ADM覆盖于创面,四周缝线固定,其上以自体头部或其他部位薄皮片来覆盖,抗菌敷料外敷加压包扎或局部打包固定。术后观察创面情况和随访半年以上的治疗效果。结果:191例(95.02%)异体ADM与自体薄皮片复合移植区皮片成活较好,无疼痛和感染征象,术后6个月随访,复合皮移植区局部外观较好,质地柔软,弹性好,皮片无挛缩,无明显瘢痕形成,关节活动功能明显改善,但部分有色素沉着。10例(4.98%)患者,瘢痕位于口周、下颌或腋窝,术后1周左右创面局部有疼痛,术区敷料有异味,全身发热,自体薄皮片全部液化坏死,异体ADM部分失活、溶解脱落。结论:异体ADM与自体薄皮片复合移植是修复大面积烧伤后期瘢痕畸形的较好方法。     

脱细胞异体真皮与自体瘢痕薄皮复合移植的临床应用

目的:为大面积深度烧伤后期继发瘢痕挛缩、功能障碍且皮源不足的患者寻求比较理想的治疗手段.方法:切开松解功能区孪缩的瘢痕组织,将脱细胞异体真皮与自体大张瘢痕薄皮复合移植覆盖创面,加压固定包扎.结果:5例患者12个创面中,除一个创面皮片部分坏死外,余均成活.术区平整、柔软,所植皮片挛缩轻,无瘢痕增生,功能恢复良好.结论:脱细胞异体真皮 自体瘢痕薄皮复合移植是目前修复大面积深度烧伤患者功能部位创面,实现功能重建的有效方法.     

人工真皮结合自体表皮治疗四肢皮肤软组织缺损的应用研究

目的:评价人工真皮结合自体表皮修复四肢皮肤软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法:本组共10例四肢皮肤软组织缺损患者,其中肌腱外露3例,骨外露1例。一期清创后移植人工真皮,2～3周后待创面良性新生肉芽组织生长,二期移植自体薄层皮片。观察植皮皮片存活情况,外观,质地,瘢痕生长情况,评估临床效果。结果:10例患者所植皮片全部存活,外观均良好,无明显瘢痕。结论:采用人工真皮结合自体表皮移植治疗四肢皮肤软组织缺损操作简便,创面愈合良好,并可在合并肌腱及骨外露创面应用。     

人工真皮覆盖修复手足小面积创面的效果

目的探讨应用人工真皮覆盖修复肌腱和(或)骨外露的手足小面积创面的临床疗效。方法应用人工真皮覆盖修复23例外伤致肌腱和(或)骨外露的手足软组织开放损伤患者,皮肤缺失面积为0.5 cm×0.8cm~3 cm×3 cm。彻底清创、止血后,将人工真皮裁剪成与创面适当大小,将胶原海绵一侧向着创面贴附,并需在硅胶层上划孔,与创面边缘皮肤缝合,表面覆盖凡士林纱布,再轻轻压迫固定,以不压扁胶原海绵为原则。术后3~5 d常规换药,术后3~4周撕开硅胶膜,在新生的真皮样组织上植入与创面同等大小薄层表皮,操作方法同常规皮片移植方法,部分小面积伤口亦可待其自行愈合。结果患者创面均良好愈合,16例伤口待新生的真皮样组织生长良好后,创面植皮修复;7例伤口自行愈合。患者均获得随访,时间1~5个月。愈合创面皮肤外观满意,瘢痕无挛缩。结论人工真皮覆盖修复肌腱和(或)骨外露的小面积手足创面,可以简化皮片移植手术的操作,减少副损伤,降低截指(趾)率。     

无细胞真皮基质与自体皮片复合移植的临床应用

目的：改善烧伤创面移植皮片愈合后皮肤的外形和功能,并减轻供皮区瘢痕增生。方法：应用自制的无细胞真皮基质与自体刃厚皮片复合移植于4例切（或削）痂后的烧伤创面。结果：未发现对复合移植皮片的排异反应。创面愈合后,大体观察发现移植自体网状皮片及自体小皮片的轮廓界面变得不明显或基本消失,自体大张皮片与真皮基质复合移植区出现较厚而特殊的脱屑,均反映了愈合过程的特殊性。光镜和电镜观察发现复合皮片移植区棘细胞间桥粒清晰,基底膜连续而完整等。与对照部位相比,复合皮片移植区瘢痕增生减轻,未见明显挛缩,皮肤弹性较好。结论：在3－4个月的观察期内,自体刃厚皮片与无细胞真皮基质复合移植后,功能和形态等同或优于单纯自体刃厚皮片移植。     

复合皮混合移植治疗深Ⅱ度烧伤患者创面疗效观察

目的观察深Ⅱ度烧伤患者创面削痂术后应用复合皮混合移植治疗的效果。方法对23例烧伤患者的30个深Ⅱ度烧伤肢体在伤后3d内分次行削痂术,削至浅筋膜后移植大张异体脱细胞真皮基质,然后切取大张自体刃厚皮(0.10～0.25mm)覆盖于其上。术后10—12d计算移植皮片的存活率,记录创面愈合时间。观察随访3—6个月时患者的肢体外观及功能恢复情况。取1例患者随访3个月时的愈合创面皮肤标本,行病理学观察。结果本组患者复合皮片成活率为93%,7%的皮片因术中固定较差,移植后自体刃厚皮与异体脱细胞真皮基质分离致皮片坏死,或因感染致皮片溶解。随访3—6个月,移植部位皮肤外观、弹性及功能恢复良好。病理学观察显示,成活皮片表皮、真皮结构正常。结论烧伤后早期削痂立即移植复合皮是治疗深Ⅱ度创面的有效方法。     

治疗大面积深度烧伤后瘢痕挛缩致膝髋关节严重畸形15例

目的回顾性分析躯干、下肢大面积深度烧伤患者增生性瘢痕挛缩致膝、髋关节屈曲畸形的治疗方法，并总结其经验。方法笔者将1960年12月-1995年12月收治的15例躯干及下肢深度烧伤后瘢痕挛缩患者屈曲畸形的膝、髋关节（共21个）按畸形程度分为A、B、C3组。A组瘢痕切除后关节能直接复位，立即用大张自体皮覆盖创面，缝合后包扎固定。B组瘢痕切除后关节不能立即恢复到伸直位，根据供区条件选择大张自体皮或小片头皮覆盖创面，再用踝套进行牵引治疗（力量逐渐加大），直至关节恢复到伸直位。C组关节瘢痕挛缩伴残余肉芽创面，创面较大者先用异体皮覆盖，待其成活后再切除瘢痕，并按B组方法治疗；肉芽创面较小者在无菌条件下直接与瘢痕一起切除，再按B组方法治疗。结果14例患者膝、髋关节屈曲畸形均被矫正至伸直位，关节功能恢复良好，仅1例患者关节未完全复位。结论瘢痕松解术及踝套牵引的治疗方法可在较短时间内最大限度地矫正关节畸形，恢复患者下肢功能，减少局部溃疡形成，并且较节省皮源。     

封闭式负压引流加弹力绷带在中厚植皮供区的应用

目的：探讨封闭式负压引流（vacuum sealing drainage,VSD）预防游离中厚皮移植术供区瘢痕增生,减少供皮区瘢痕的作用。方法：2007～2010年对26例中厚供皮区采用VSD覆盖供区创面,并用弹力绷带进行加压包扎。结果：VSD覆盖供区创面愈合时间缩短,且愈后瘢痕增生不明显,色素改变较轻。结论：VSD覆盖中厚供皮区方法,能促进供皮区创面愈合,减少瘢痕增生及色素改变。     

大张表皮片覆盖预防断层皮片供区瘢痕

目的介绍一种用自体大张表皮片即时覆盖断层皮片供区以预防其瘢痕生长的方法。方法用鼓式或电动取皮机切取断层皮片，厚度在0．3～0.5mm之间，用电动取皮机切取大张表皮片，厚度0．07～0．12mm（0．0028in～0．0048in），供皮区一般首选在背部、腰部、臀部或头皮，其次是胸腹和四肢；将表皮片覆盖在断层皮片供区，边缘用纳米银纱布条压紧，外加缝合或钉皮钉固定。表皮片供区和移植区内层均用油纱布，外层纳米银纱布覆盖，以缝线包压法包扎。结果从1999年11月至2003年11月共用于118例的133个整形部位。断层皮片供区移植表皮片后，无瘢痕生长，平坦，光滑，外观接近正常皮肤，但无毛囊和汗腺。表皮片供区短时间内潮红，无瘢痕增生，3个月以后逐渐接近正常皮肤。结论大张表皮片移植覆盖断层皮片供区是一种预防断层皮片供区瘢痕生长的好方法，值得推广和应用。     

岛状股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复会阴部软组织缺损

目的探讨岛状股前外侧穿支皮瓣修复会阴部软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法 2009年至2013年,共收治8例会阴部缺损患者,创面预处理后,以岛状股前外侧穿支皮瓣带蒂转移修复创面,皮瓣面积7.0 cm×10.0 cm~13 cm×21 cm。供区直接拉拢缝合或取对侧股部断层皮片移植修复。结果 8例患者术后皮瓣均完全成活,皮瓣质地柔软,无继发瘢痕挛缩。随访6~24个月,肿瘤无复发,供区愈合良好,无下肢活动障碍。结论应用岛状股前外侧皮瓣修复会阴区缺损,效果良好,值得临床推广。     

自体断层瘢痕组织复合皮修复儿童功能部位瘢痕挛缩畸形

目的探讨自体断层瘢痕组织复合皮修复儿童功能部位瘢痕挛缩畸形的临床效果。方法本组患儿共12例,男7例,女5例,年龄3~10岁,均为2015年3月至2018年3月就诊于空军军医大学西京医院的烧伤后瘢痕挛缩畸形患儿。瘢痕挛缩畸形部位分别位于腋部、肘部、腘窝及躯干等14处。其中腋部瘢痕黏连挛缩导致肩关节上举角度仅为30°~60°;肘部瘢痕挛缩导致肘关节伸直角度仅为45°~90°;腘窝瘢痕导致膝关节伸直角度仅为95°~110°,侧胸腹部瘢痕挛缩致同侧乳头下移5 cm,伴站立位中线向患侧屈曲约20°。术中彻底松解瘢痕挛缩,恢复关节活动度,复位移位器官,并形成继发创面,范围5 cm×10 cm^11 cm×20 cm。选取其他瘢痕区域作为供区,其中背部8处,大腿6处。用鼓式取皮机或电动(气动)取皮机先切取厚层瘢痕皮,再以0.5 mm厚度切取自体断层瘢痕组织,按1∶1比例制备网状瘢痕支架,其上覆盖取自头部的刃厚皮片,形成自体断层瘢痕组织复合皮,植于瘢痕挛缩松解后继发创面。切取的瘢痕表皮回植原瘢痕供区。供、受区均常规加压包扎,7~10 d后更换敷料,查看皮片成活情况并进行随访观察。结果12例患儿共移植14块自体断层瘢痕组织复合皮,所制备的复合皮均与瘢痕松解后继发创面大小、形状一致,其中12块皮片成活良好,2处因局部感染导致部分皮片坏死,经换药后治愈。随访2~24个月,自体断层瘢痕组织复合皮术区外观满意,腋部、肘部、腘窝等关节均充分松解,肩关节挛缩患者术后上举达150°~170°;肘关节挛缩患者均可基本伸直,达170°~180°;膝关节挛缩患者可完全伸直,达180°;侧胸腹部瘢痕挛缩松解后患侧乳头恢复正常位置,站立位中线基本正常。14块瘢痕表皮回植区皮片均成活良好,外观与术前无明显区别。头部供皮区愈合良好,无瘢痕形成及脱发现象。结论自体断层瘢痕组织复合皮修复儿童功能部位瘢痕挛缩畸形效果较好,为儿童深度烧伤后遗畸形的修复提供了一种新手段。     

Acellular allograft dermal matrix: immediate or delayed epidermal coverage?

In a prospective, randomized study seventeen patients received skin grafts to a freshly excised burn wound. One group was grafted with a deantigenized dermal matrix and immediately overgrafted with thin autograft. The second group was grafted with dermal matrix, which was then covered with bank allograft for protection, and autografted 1 week later. Each group also received a standard split thickness control graft. Assessment was carried out for up to 1 year. There were no statistically significant differences of graft take between any of the groups, or in the Vancouver scar score at follow-up. Thin donor sites used for dermal matrix coverage healed faster than standard control graft sites, P<0.001. Immediate grafting of acellular dermal matrix with thin autograft works well and leads to an acceptable late result, with faster donor site healing than standard split thickness grafts.     

上臂内侧扩张皮瓣修复颈部瘢痕挛缩

目的 探讨上臂内侧扩张皮瓣的血供及用于治疗颈部不同程度的瘢痕挛缩的方法.方法 对10例患者分期手术:Ⅰ期手术时将扩张器置入上臂内侧深筋膜浅层;Ⅱ期手术时,利用尺侧上副动脉或尺侧返动脉供血、贵要静脉属支及腋静脉属支回流的上臂内侧扩张皮瓣带蒂转移修复松解颈部瘢痕挛缩后的创面;Ⅲ期时将扩张皮瓣断蒂,扩张皮瓣最大面积25 cm×15 cm.结果 移植皮瓣全部成活,皮瓣色泽及性状接近颈部正常组织,外形良好,上臂内侧供瓣区遗留较小的继发畸形.结论 将扩张器置于上臂内侧皮肤深筋膜浅层形成的扩张皮瓣用于治疗颈部瘢痕挛缩,是一个可行的方法,但分期治疗需要较长时间,在转移期间上肢与头部问的强迫体位固定的痛苦是其不足.     

New grafts for old? A review of alternatives to autologous skin.

Immediate resurfacing of skin defects is a challenging prospect, especially in patients with extensive full-thickness burns. Currently, split-thickness autografts offer the best form of wound coverage, but limited donor sites and their associated morbidity have prompted the search for alternatives. The application of allogeneic skin is restricted by availability and the risk of transmission of infection, whilst synthetic skin substitutes are simply expensive dressings. The problems of limited expansion may be overcome by culturing keratinocytes in vitro. Unlike autologous cells, allogeneic keratinocytes are available immediately, although they survive for less than a week when applied to full-thickness skin defects. Moreover, the absence of a dermal component in these grafts predisposes to instability and contracture. A cross-linked collagen and glycosaminoglycan dermal substitute, covered with thin split-skin grafts or cultured autologous keratinocytes, shows promise in burns patients. An alternative is a collagen matrix populated by allogeneic fibroblasts and overlaid with cultured autologous or allogeneic keratinocytes. The clinical application of cultured grafts remains imperfect but offers the prospect of immediate coverage and massive expansion.     

Surgical Treatment of Chronic Gluteal Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Reused Skin Graft Technique

BACKGROUND: The treatment of chronic lesions in hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) remains a challenge for dermatologists. In most cases, wide surgical excision of the affected skin reduces the recurrence rate to a minimum. Split-thickness skin grafts have usually been applied to resurface large postoperative defects. OBJECTIVE. : The aim of this study is to introduce an alternative method of skin grafting, called "reused" or "recycled" skin graft, for the reconstruction of the large skin defect with chronic gluteal HS. METHODS: The study consisted of six patients (two females and four males) with gluteal HS. After a wide en bloc excision, the wound was immediately recovered with meshed-skin graft, made from the resected skin itself. Thus, the sacrifice of the skin donor is spared. The drum dermatome (Padgett-Hood) is suitable to take the split-skin graft from the resected skin of the affected buttock. The thickness of grafts was set between 12/1,000 and 20/1,000 inches, and all grafts were meshed with 1.5 times the expansion. The skin grafts were secured in place on the wound and a tie-over dressing was applied. RESULTS: Postoperative complications were usually minor ones, such as hematoma, discharge, and small areas of graft skin necrosis (less than 1 cm2), although one patient developed a 3 x 4 cm2 graft necrosis and wound infection. The follow-up period after surgery ranged from 8 to 36 months. No patient experienced any functional disabilities or recurrence during follow-up years. CONCLUSION: When the epidermal involvement remains mild to moderate, this reused skin graft technique is an alternative choice to resurface the surgical defect of gluteal HS. It is superior to the conventional procedure, which requires fresh skin donor site.     

Skin regeneration for children with burn scar contracture using autologous cultured dermal substitutes and superthin auto-skin grafts: preliminary clinical study

We have evaluated a novel treatment of burn scar contracture in children. This method involves the application of an autologous cultured dermal substitute (CDS), followed by a graft of superthin split-thickness skin. In the first operation, the autologous CDS was applied to the skin defect that had occurred after releasing the scar contracture. In the second operation, a superthin thickness skin graft (4 approximately 6/1000 inches) was applied 5 approximately 12 days after the first operation. The autologous CDS was applied to 10 sites of 5 children. On 8 sites, the skin grafts were contracted to some extent at an early stage. However, these skin grafts were stretched gradually to a range from 60% to 100% of an original size. At 2 sites, the skin grafts had stretched from 110% to 130% of the original size. This strategy may be useful for the treatment of burn scar contracture in children.