浅谈科学决策

管理就是决策。在医院管理中,决策直接关系到医院的生存和发展,特别是医院面对市场经济的挑战,对传统的“拍脑门式”的决策方法,其决策的客观性、正确性、预见性都难免不尽如人意,甚至违背本意。因此,医院的各项决策,特别是重大决策,必须严格按决策程序办,使各项决策置于调查研究和充分论证后,同时要健全决策的约束机制。医院领导,每天都要对医院事情进行决策,因此提高医院领导的决策水平和能力,避免决策失误,科学决策,是至关重要的。 一、决策者的水平和能力是科学决策的关键 作为一家医院的领导——决策者,肩负着执行党和国家的法律、法令,明确办院方向、经营思想,科学管理,促进医院建设全面提高和发展的使命。首先要努力提高医院决策者的政治水     

医院决策支持系统中统计人员的能力要求探讨

数据是一种资源。数字化医院的建设带来的大量数据,令数据为领导者提供更全面的决策支持成为可能。基于数据仓库、联机分析处理、数据挖掘的新兴决策支持系统可以对数据进行挖掘、分析、处理,给医院提供特定主题的决策支持。医院决策中起主要决策支持作用的统计人员,可以通过明确统计人员的能力要求、规范统计人员的业务流程,提高统计人员对医院决策支持的力度。     

论医院财务管理环节

所谓医院财务管理环节 ,就是医院在一定会计期间对某一重大会计事项实施财务管理所必须采取的重要步骤。医院财务管理环节主要包括 :决策与预算、核算与监督、分析与披露等。一、决策与预算决策即医院财务目标决策 ,是医院对一定期间本单位总体建设发展的主要任务与要求在财务需求与可能上作出的最佳判断与选择。目标一经确定 ,医院必须编制相应的财务预算。医院财务预算是财务决策目标的具体化 ,是医院财务管理所要达到目的的事前预计 ,是医院一定时期 (或某一事项 )工作计划目标在财务指标上的反映 ,目标决策及编制医院财务预算是医院财务…     

提高医院中层干部执行力的着力点

医院中层干部是医院发展的中坚力量,医院的核心竞争力一定程度体现在中层干部的执行力上.要提高医院中层的执行力,应从以下几方面着力. 1 提高决策的科学性是提升中层执行力的首要前提 决策是一个精心谋划的过程.正确的决策能对医院产生积极深远的影响,而错误的决策不仅浪费财力、人力、物力,严重损害医院的形象,也会极大地挫伤职工的积极性.     

基于MPLS VPN电子管理平台的大型医院战略管理

一个医院的兴衰很大程度上取决于医院管理,然而医院管理是一个既具体又抽象的概念。一方面需要管理者对某一具体事件进行观察、分析、决策,另一方面要将决策运用到     

医院决策支持系统的一般构建与实现

目的:探讨构建一种适用于医院各级管理层的决策支持系统,从而全面提高医院的管理水平和决策效率.方法:从决策支持系统的基本概念与构架入手,结合医院各级管理决策的功能需求,构建与实现医院管理决策支持系统.结果:医院决策支持系统应满足核心决策、一般管理决策和医疗业务决策3个方面的决策支持.结论:核心决策是建立决策支持系统的主要任务,一般管理决策是建立决策支持系统的基本任务,医疗业务决策应结合医院实际逐步扩充.     

浅谈医院管理审计的几个问题

一、医院管理审计的内容1．审查决策的科学性、适应性 正确的决策有利于医院的发展，反之，决策失误将会影响医院的发展，造成不可弥补的损失。对决策活动的审计主要包括医疗市场开拓、医院自身定位、资金筹集使用、人力资源配置、产权制度改革等内容，要从决策活动的科学性，效益性及市场适应性等方面来评价其是否具备良好的宏观决策能力。     

基于数据仓库技术的医院管理决策支持系统的研究

结合医院信息系统实际情况,对基于数据仓库技术的医院管理决策支持系统进行研究,提高对医院信息系统海量数据的信息深层应用,向医院各级管理层提供医院运营管理和向临床诊断治疗提供辅助决策作用,提高医院管理质量和服务质量,全面提高医院的管理水平和决策效率。     

管理 医院运营决测

医院运营预测是对医院未来运营状况的预测分析，医院运营决策则是对医院面临或未来运营策略做出的决定。医院运营决策属于管理决策的范畴，之所以单独进行讲述，是由于医院运营过程中事物的复杂性和决策的重要性所决定。     

对医院财务报表分析之我见

随着医疗市场的逐步形成,人们越来越重视对医院财务报表进行分析,它能评价医院的管理业绩、财务状况和经营成果,预测医院未来发展趋势,减少决策盲目性,提高决策水平。本文从医院财务报表分析内容和方法以及指标运用方面提出意见和建议。     

身份识别在区域卫生信息化中的应用探讨

目前在新的一轮公共卫生信息化建设浪潮中。树立了以人为主线的服务理念，新的需求对信息化系统提出了更高的要求。本文根据北京地区卫生信息化建设的现状。以当前卫生信息化建设的重点与难点为切入点，探讨如何在区域卫生信息化中解决身份识别的问题。     

Consumer determinants of the use of health plan information in plan selection.

One of the major issues in achieving optimum levels of performance in health-care markets is to enhance consumer understanding of their health plan choices in order to facilitate the expansion of 'high-value' health plans at the expense of 'low-value' health plans. The Federal government offers employees many choices of health plans and provides large amounts of information on all of these options through (1) comparative written health plan information, (2) information from the health plans themselves, and (3) comparative health plan information on the Internet. The present study examines the degree to which 1722 Federal employees in the Department of Health and Human Services utilized health plan information from the above three sources in making their annual health plan selection. Results indicate that most employees (64%) used at least one information source, with written information from health plans the most common (53%), followed by comparative written information in The Guide (32%) and the Internet (16%). Those employees who regularly search for information prior to making an important purchase, those with a short time in their current plan, those with family coverage, Whites, African-Americans, and men were all more likely to use health plan information to make their annual choice. The Internet was accessed more often by younger and higher paid employees. Implications for policy and future research are discussed.     

Making the Most of Web Resources to Enhance Health Disparities Information Programs

Abstract

Libraries have the ability to create significant programs for populations most affected by health disparities. Increasing Web-based health resources is transcending the availability of consumer health information. Reliable information is critical to making informed health care decisions. Library services for targeted populations can provide substantial benefits for health information consumers. To date, several libraries have implemented consumer focused health information programs. Although valuable, such programs do not exist without challenges to both consumers and program providers. This article explores consumer focused program models and primary barriers faced by librarians who carry out health information programs. Finally, the authors recommend ideal information tools and Web-based health resources to enhance consumer focused health disparities information programs.     

Older Adults’ Use of Online and Offline Sources of Health Information and Constructs of Reliance and Self-Efficacy for Medical Decision Making

We know little about older adults' use of online and offline health information sources for medical decision making despite increasing numbers of older adults who report using the Internet for health information to aid in patient–provider communication and medical decision making. Therefore we investigated older adult users and nonusers of online and offline sources of health information and factors related to medical decision making. Survey research was conducted using random digit dialing of Florida residents' landline telephones. The Decision Self-Efficacy Scale and the Reliance Scale were used to measure relationships between users and nonusers of online health information. Study respondents were 225 older adults (age range = 50?92 years, M = 68.9, SD = 10.4), which included users (n = 105) and nonusers (n = 119) of online health information. Users and nonusers differed in frequency and types of health sources sought. Users of online health information preferred a self-reliant approach and nonusers of online health information preferred a physician-reliant approach to involvement in medical decisions on the Reliance Scale. This study found significant differences between older adult users and nonusers of online and offline sources of health information and examined factors related to online health information engagement for medical decision making.     

Increasing Public Awareness of Quality Health Information on the Internet

Abstract

Recent surveys indicate that the number of people looking for health information online has skyrocketed. Consumers have access to an abundance of information via the Web, not all of it quality, authoritative information. Bad information can be worse than no information. The Medical College of Wisconsin Libraries partnered with a local public library to offer classes to the public on finding quality health information on the Web. Within three months after each class, a follow-up survey was sent to participants to determine if they had accessed health information online since taking the class, if taking the class had helped them to find information, and if they had used any of the information in making a health care decision or in interacting with their health care provider. Results show that awareness of quality health related Web sites helped consumers to find information that they in turn used in managing their health care decisions.     

The use of computer-based simulation in a Master of Health Administration curriculum.

In this paper, the use of a simulation tool to support the appreciation of data and information by health administration students with varied backgrounds and educational training is discussed. Specifically, the authors developed educational and training material that can be used in a variety of courses to improve information management and decision making. Improved information management is being recognized as a critical component of the movement to achieve consistent quality in patient care, institutional performance, and policy planning. This is now especially important as new information systems are making data and good quality evidence increasingly more available. Ultimately, it is hoped that this process will lead to findings that will assist evidence-based decision making within all health providers.     

加强国民营养监测,采取有效干预策略,减少营养性疾病的发生

国民营养事关国民健康素质的提高和社会经济的发展,营养与健康状况监测信息,是公共卫生及疾病预防控制工作不可缺少的基础信息,为全民营养健康状况改善、食物生产及慢性病防控策略的制定提供技术支持。近年来,我国营养供给能力显著增强,国民营养健康状况明显改善。本期“营养健康监测”栏目发表的论文来自中国居民营养与健康监测及省（市）级自主开展的营养监测报告,这些数据为制定全国或地方性营养与健康策略提供了科学的参考。当前,我国营养工作面临多重挑战,党中央、国务院始终把人民群众的营养与健康摆在十分重要的位置,为促进全民健康,我国政府已实施多项营养促进政策或策略,营养监测又将进一步评估这些措施实施的效果。     

Exploration of the construct of reliance among patients who talk with their providers about internet information

Three hundred fifty participants, recruited from Internet health message boards, completed online surveys about their experiences talking with health care providers about Internet health information. Two distinct dimensions of reliance emerged from the data, one regarding the patient's reliance on the health care provider for decision making and the other regarding the patient's reliance on the health care provider to stay healthy. Self-reliant patients tended to be female, have lower incomes, and report less frequent visits to the health care provider than did health-care-provider-reliant patients. Age, comfort level, and frequency of talking about Internet health information were not related to reliance level.     

The application of the heuristic-systematic processing model to treatment decision making about prostate cancer.

The study investigated the utility of the Heuristic-Systematic Processing Model as a framework for the investigation of patient decision making. A total of 111 men recently diagnosed with localized prostate cancer were assessed using Verbal Protocol Analysis and self-report measures. Study variables included men's use of nonsystematic and systematic information processing, desire for involvement in decision making, and the individual differences of health locus of control, tolerance of ambiguity, and decision-related uncertainty. Most men (68%) preferred that decision making be shared equally between them and their doctor. Men's use of the expert opinion heuristic was related to men's verbal reports of decisional uncertainty and having a positive orientation to their doctor and medical care; a desire for greater involvement in decision making was predicted by a high internal locus of health control. Trends were observed for systematic information processing to increase when the heuristic strategy used was negatively affect laden and when men were uncertain about the probabilities for cure and side effects. There was a trend for decreased systematic processing when the expert opinion heuristic was used. Findings were consistent with the Heuristic-Systematic Processing Model and suggest that this model has utility for future research in applied decision making about health.     

学校公共卫生突发事件处置中的风险沟通与决策

通过文献分析,总结风险沟通对决策影响的相关因素,包括信息本身的特征、信息传播途径和方式、相关者对沟通的需求、对事件本身的认知以及沟通的条件等,分析学校公共卫生突发事件处置中风险沟通和公共卫生决策的影响因素,阐明该领域研究的意义。阐明在学校处置公共卫生突发事件中风险沟通对决策的影响;建议在该领域进行更多的实例研究,全面了解风险沟通对公共卫生决策的作用,并且构建研究框架和理论体系。