智能实时睡眠监测与干预系统的设计与实现

目的设计可以监测、分析、干预以及反馈人体睡眠状况的智能实时睡眠监测与干预系统,以改善使用者睡眠问题。方法首先设计智能实时睡眠监测与干预系统,其中生命体征信号采集模块实时监测人体肢体动作、心脏泵血等引发的振动;数据处理中心提取体动信号、呼吸信号与心冲击信号(ballistocardiogram,BCG)信号,利用睡眠监测算法进行睡眠状况分析;中药香薰器由数据处理中心控制开关,利用含有中药成分的香薰干预睡眠;同时睡眠监测实时反馈干预情况下的数据。然后选取3名失眠的被试者进行测试,检验系统的有效性。结果所构建的系统可以实时记录被试者睡眠情况并形成睡眠分期图,也可利用中药香薰有效地干预被试者不良睡眠情况。结论该系统能够实现非接触式睡眠情况采集与分析以及对入睡困难或睡眠质量不佳等状况的干预。     

呼吸信号检测技术研究现状

呼吸检测方法主要分为接触式和非接触式2大类.接触式检测方法包括容积式呼吸检测法、速度式呼吸检测法、温度检测法、位移检测法、阻抗检测法、可穿戴技术和睡眠床垫等.这些方法属于无创检测且技术成熟,但都需要电极或传感器直接或间接接触人体,使人体受到一定的约束或限制,不适合用于严重烧伤患者和新生儿的呼吸监测.非接触式检测利用电磁波、光等媒介,使用无需与人体接触的电极或传感器,可在人体自然状态下对呼吸信号进行非接触检测,特别是基于红外线和生物雷达的非接触检测方法,已成为国内外研究的热点,可用于临床、社区医疗及家庭监护.     

一种人体生命体征检测的新方法

本文首先给出人体生命体征的基本定义及其呼吸、心跳的标准参考值,然后讨论目前最常见的接触式检测人体生命体征方法的原理、优缺点,最后重点讨论一种检测人体生命体征新方法－－非接触检测的原理、理论、优缺点及实验室研究现状,并给出实验室中在自由空间和穿透模拟砖墙条件下检测到人体呼吸、心跳两路信号的时域、频域检测结果。     

一种新型生命体征信号采集设备的研制

介绍一种新型的生命体征信号采集设备,该设备由传感单元和软件组成。使用时将传感单元放置于卧床枕头正下方,以收集人体睡眠时的体震信号,并通过无线方式传输至软件进行存储和分析,从而实现对心率和呼吸率两种生命体征的长期连续监测。通过使用人工测算、已上市的监护产品及本设备采集8位受试者的心率和呼吸率指标,初步验证该设备的监测指标有一定的准确性。     

非接触式人体心率监测方法的研究进展

接触式人体心率监测方法的研究广泛而深入,但由于临床特殊环境及患者特殊状态的需要,近年来非接触式监测心率的研究越来越受到关注。文章阐述了测量人体心率研究现状,对比分析了生物雷达技术、语音提取技术、生物热成像技术、人体轮廓图像分析技术、容性耦合技术、激光多普勒技术在提取特征参数时抗干扰、准确度、辨识度等方面的优势与不足,最后指出非接触式提取心率越来越受到国内外生物医学工程研究领域的关注。相信随着新的数据分离技术及高灵敏传感器的不断深入研究,该方法在临床医学方面将得到广泛的应用。     

基于电容耦合的非接触式心电监测技术研究

本文基于电容耦合原理,研究了一种非接触式心电监测技术。系统利用导电纤维制成电容电极并集成在床单上,身体靠近电极即可形成电容并耦合心电信号,经放大、滤波等处理后可拾取用于监护的心电信号。试验表明,对9名健康志愿者的R波检出率达到93.5%,对2名烧伤患者亦可获得质量较高的心电波形。基于电容耦合的非接触式心电监测技术操作方便,对皮肤无刺激、无损伤,特别利于烧伤患者的持久监护和慢性患者的家庭监护,具有广阔的应用前景。     

谈谈电子测量在生物医学中的应用

长期以来 ,生物医学的科技工作者们一直在对人体的结构、机能等进行着各种探测 ,以期深入地了解人体生命的本质。随着科学技术的进步。越来越多的手段和工具被用来进行人体生命的探测中。其中 ,电子测量技术在生物体探测中的应用 ,已成为有效的探测手段之一。众所周知 ,人体生命是客观世界中最为复杂的自然现象。人体的生理参数千差万别 ,但总体上可将它们分为电电量和非电量两大类。人体中的各种生物电 ,如心电、脑电、肌电等属于电量参数 ;而体温、血压、呼吸、血流量、脉博、心音等物理量测试属于非电量参数 ,则需要先将它们通过生物传感…     

生物雷达技术的研究现状

利用生物雷达技术检测人体生命体征信号(呼吸、心率等)成为生物医学工程研究中产生的一个崭新的领域,其主要任务是间隔一定的距离、穿透一定厚度的介质对人体的生命体征进行非接触检测,该技术可以广泛应用于军事医学、灾害医学、城市反恐等领域。     

柔性可穿戴传感系统设计

人口老龄化及老年人慢性病患病率的增加,给家庭和社会带来了巨大的经济负担。新型非侵入式可穿戴传感系统不仅可以连续实时地监测人们的重要生理体征,评估个人健康状况,并且可以提供高效、便捷的信息反馈,从而减轻老年人慢性病带来的健康风险。本文围绕可穿戴生理信号及运动信号监测,开发了一套针对人体生理信号和行为信号检测的可穿戴系统,探索了柔性可穿戴传感技术的设计以及在传感系统中的应用。系统包含了智能帽、智能衣、智能手套和智能鞋垫,可实现对人体生理信号和运动信号的长程连续监测。文章对系统进行了性能验证,同时将新型传感系统和商用设备进行比较。评估结果表明,新型系统的性能与现有系统相当。总之,新型柔性传感系统为生理和运动信号监测提供了一种精准、可拆卸、可扩展、用户体验友好和舒适的解决方案,有望用于远程医疗监测,为医生/患者提供个性化信息监测、疾病预测和诊断。     

一种改进的用于心率估计的峰值提取方法

本文为解决传统心冲击图(BCG)提取心率不足的问题,提出了一种改进的心冲击图检测心率的方法,首先通过嵌入式传感器实时采集微弱的心脏活动信号,对信号滤波、转换获得局部BCG节拍,然后不经由心跳模板而直接由BCG节拍估计心率。与其他方法相比,本文所提方法在心率数据准确性和抗干扰性方面具有较强优势,也实现了非接触式的在线检测,最终通过分析13名受试者约20 000次的心率数据,达到了平均节拍误差为0.86%,覆盖率96.71%的满意结果,或可为医院临床和居家养老提供一种估计心率的新方法。     

基于磁感应技术的新型非接触心肺信号检测系统的研究

目的：本文旨在研究一种基于磁感应技术的非接触心肺信号检测系统,通过实验对其可靠性和稳定性进行验证。方法：深入研究磁感应技术生理信号检测的原理和发展现状。在研究小组前期工作经验基础之上,设计更高灵敏度的新型传感器和更精确的软件鉴相平台,对线圈磁场分布和感应电动势行理论推导,设计实施人体实验并利用频谱分析等方法对结果进行分析。结果：建立了基于磁感应技术的新型非接触心肺信号检测系统。根据要求筛选20名健康受试者参与人体实验,经实验,新系统在心肺信号检测上效果较理想,MIPS呼吸信号幅值变化约为0.15（±0.05）°,心率信号幅值变化约为0.05（±0.03）°,信号幅值与受试者体征相关,频谱分析结果与监护仪检测结果基本一致。结论：本系统的检测结果准确,性能可靠,为该技术临床应用奠定了理论和实践基础。磁感应技术作为一种新的心肺信号检测手段,具有非接触,连续测量,操作简便,适用范围广等特点,具有应用于临床监护、保健和个性化医疗等领域的潜力。     

The Ballistocardiogram Signal Monitoring System Based on the GSM Network

Ballistocardiogram signal monitoring system based on GSM network was put forward in this paper. The system included a BCG signal acquisition module, a data processing module, a display module and a GSM module. The STM32F103 VB microprocessor was used as the controlling core of the signal acquisition module. BCG signal acquisition, amplification, filtering and A/D conversion were completed by the resistance strain sensor and high precision A/D conversion chip of TM7708; VB6.0software was used to realize the BCG signal analysis and processing; the SD card and LCD completed data storage and waveform display; the BCG data remote transmission and alarm function were realized through the GSM module. The system cannot only real-time monitor the changes of heart rate of patients by non-contact means, and can process data automatically, timely detection of arrhythmia and automatic alarm. The system is particularly suitable for heart disease patients receiving long-term home care; therefore, it has a broad application prospect.     

Wireless body area networks: a comprehensive survey

Abstract

Current progress in technology, especially wireless body area network (WBAN) became one of the enabling technologies that provide many successful applications in non-medical or medical field. WBAN is a communication standard optimised for low power devices and operation on, in or around the human body, to monitor the human health issues and route the physical or vital data from biosensors nodes to the server for further analysis. The challenge of WBAN is that the energy of the biosensors is limited by the battery life and many routing protocols have been designed specifically for relaying collected data to a base station for additional processing, it might differ depending on the network architecture. This paper based on the recent publications provides a WBAN survey.     

Non-contact monitoring of heart rate variability using medical radar for the evaluation of dynamic changes in autonomic nervous activity during a head-up tilt test

Abstract

Electrocardiography (ECG) is a mandatory standard for monitoring electrical activity of the heart in many clinical settings such as intensive care and emergency units. However, in situations wherein the skin is damaged, such as acute burn injuries, it is impossible to efficiently attach electrodes to the skin. In this study, we developed a non-contact cardiac monitoring system using a 24-GHz medical radar for directly measuring the beat-to-beat heart mechanical activity at a distance from a subject. The heart rate variability (HRV) was analysed using an autoregressive model (AR) from the measured beat-to-beat intervals during a head-up tilt test. To investigate the feasibility of the proposed system, we compared medical radar and ECG recording by using Lin’s correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman analysis, which showed a negligible mean difference from the substantial agreement of Lin’s correlation coefficient of 0.9 between the radar and ECG. The non-contact radar clearly monitored dynamic changes in HRV indices induced by the head-up tilt test. This type of non-contact HRV-sensing technique as an alternative approach has significant potential for advancing personal healthcare in both clinical and out-of-hospital settings.     

基于磁感应技术的心肺活动非接触监测实验研究

目的：测试一种基于磁感应相移技术的心肺信号非接触监测系统的性能。方法：基于磁感应相移技术的心肺监测系统由激励源,前端传感器（激励线圈、检测线圈）,前置放大滤波模块,信号采集模块,信号处理分析与显示模块等组成。激励源可输出两路频率相同、相位不同的正弦信号,一路作为激励信号,一路作为参考信号。激励信号被送至激励线圈,用以产生激励磁场。检测线圈则能检测到感应磁场的磁感应电压信号,并将其送至前置前置放大滤波模块进行预处理。预处理后的信号及参考信号被信号采集模块采集,送至信号处理分析与显示模块进行处理与实时显示。最后用小波分析对显示波形进行去噪处理。基于该系统,对6名受试者的心肺活动的进行了监测。结果：该监测系统成功显示了呼吸运动和心跳运动的实时波形。通过数据分析得到6名受试者的人体呼吸频率监测的最大绝对误差为1次/分钟,最大相对误差为4.55%;心率监测的最大绝对误差为2次/分钟,最大相对误差为3.28%。结论：设计的心肺活动监测系统,能够实现和完成心跳及呼吸活动的非接触监测及实时显示。     

Noninvasive heart rate monitoring system for avian embryos based on the ballistocardiogram

A noninvasive heart rate (HR) monitoring system for avian embryos has been developed based on the ballistocardiogram (BCG). The BCG was detected using a phonograph cartridge as a record of the velocity of the minute ballistic movements of the eggshell, which are generated by recoil and impact of heart contraction and blood ejection. The autocorrelation coefficients (ACCs) of the detected signal were computed to confirm whether the detected signal contained ballistic movement. An envelope of ACC was calculated by the monitoring system to measure the intervals between peaks and/or highly correlated parts in the ACC, and then the system obtained HR by measuring these intervals. To demonstrate the valid range of the detecting method, the BCGs of chickens and Japanese quail embryos of different ages were measured. The result of the experiment shows that the BCGs of chickens and quail embryos are detected fully after about two-thirds of the incubation period has passed. The monitoring system will enable us to perform long-term HR measurement for developing avian embryos up to hatching.     

A comprehensive survey of wearable and wireless ECG monitoring systems for older adults

Wearable health monitoring is an emerging technology for continuous monitoring of vital signs including the electrocardiogram (ECG). This signal is widely adopted to diagnose and assess major health risks and chronic cardiac diseases. This paper focuses on reviewing wearable ECG monitoring systems in the form of wireless, mobile and remote technologies related to older adults. Furthermore, the efficiency, user acceptability, strategies and recommendations on improving current ECG monitoring systems with an overview of the design and modelling are presented. In this paper, over 120 ECG monitoring systems were reviewed and classified into smart wearable, wireless, mobile ECG monitoring systems with related signal processing algorithms. The results of the review suggest that most research in wearable ECG monitoring systems focus on the older adults and this technology has been adopted in aged care facilitates. Moreover, it is shown that how mobile telemedicine systems have evolved and how advances in wearable wireless textile-based systems could ensure better quality of healthcare delivery. The main drawbacks of deployed ECG monitoring systems including imposed limitations on patients, short battery life, lack of user acceptability and medical professional’s feedback, and lack of security and privacy of essential data have been also discussed.     

基于脑磁图的智能脑机交互关键技术EI北大核心CSCD

脑机交互(BCI)是一种变革性的人机交互,旨在绕过外周神经和肌肉系统直接把脑神经的感知觉、表象或思维活动转化为动作,以进一步改善或提高人类的生活质量。脑磁图(MEG)测量神经元电活动产生的磁场,具有非接触式测量、时空分辨率高和准备方便等独特优势,是一种新的BCI驱动信号,基于脑磁图的脑机交互(MEG-BCI)研究具有重要脑科学意义和潜在应用价值。迄今为止,少有文献阐述MEG-BCI涉及的关键技术问题,为此本文聚焦MEG-BCI关键技术,详述了实用MEG-BCI系统中涉及的信号采集技术、MEG-BCI实验范式设计、MEG信号分析和解码关键技术、MEG-BCI神经反馈技术及其智能化方法。最后,本文还讨论了MEGBCI存在的问题和未来发展趋势,期望本文为MEG-BCI创新研究提供更多有益思路。     

非接触生命参数检测系统自抖动干扰的自适应对消研究

非接触生命参数检测系统可以不接触人体、隔一定的距离检测重要的生命参数 ,如呼吸、心跳等。实际检测中 ,由各种因素所引起的系统本身的自抖动干扰 ,使检测信噪比大大降低 ,本文讨论了一种基于时变步长L MS算法的自适应技术来对消系统的自抖动干扰 ,提出了用附加振动传感器来提取自抖动干扰参考信号的方法 ,并研究了算法的最佳参数。研究结果表明这种方法收敛速度快 ,能有效的对消自抖动干扰