两种封堵器治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂的疗效及安全性

目的探讨应用动脉导管未闭(PDA)封堵器和室间隔缺损(VSD)封堵器治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂的疗效和安全性。方法对19例主动脉窦瘤破裂患者,按所用封堵器分为PDA封堵器组和VSD封堵器组,根据升主动脉造影结果,选择比破口直径大2~5mm的PDA封堵器或VSD封堵器进行经导管介入封堵。术后随访观察临床症状、心电图、残余分流、封堵器形态、有无瓣膜反流等情况。结果两组患者年龄、发病时间和术前TTE所示破口直径、主动脉造影示破口直径差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。19例均经升主动脉造影确诊为主动脉窦瘤破裂,其中15例右冠状动脉窦瘤破裂入右心室,3例为右冠状动脉窦瘤破裂入右心房,1例无冠状动脉窦瘤破裂入右心室;共使用PDA封堵器10枚,VSD封堵器11枚,成功率分别为60.00%(6/10)和90.91%(10/11)。术后随访6个月~6年,未发生血栓事件,无瓣膜反流,无心律失常、感染性心内膜炎、心力哀竭及死亡。结论经导管介入治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂安全有效;应用VSD封堵器较PDA封堵器有一定优势。     

介入封堵与外科手术治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂的疗效及安全性

目的比较介入封堵与外科手术治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂(RSVA)的疗效及安全性。方法选取RSVA患者22例,介入封堵治疗10例(介入组),外科手术治疗12例(手术组)。术后随访6—24个月,比较两组临床症状、是否存在残余分流、有无瓣膜反流、封堵器有无移位、肺动脉压变化及心功能状态。结果介入组均完全封堵;与术中比较,术后肺动脉收缩压、肺动脉平均压均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05);术后即刻造影示少量残余分流1例。手术组完全封堵率为91.67%(11/12);术后出现较大的残余分流和严重低心排量综合征各1例。两组随访期内均未发生右心衰竭、栓塞、感染性心内膜炎、主动脉瓣反流、溶血和死亡等。结论介入封堵治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂与外科修补疗效相当,且具有较好的安全性。     

未破裂主动脉窦瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨未破裂主动脉窦瘤的诊疗特点及治疗策略。方法回顾性分析2007年2月至2012年1月在阜外心血管病医院行未破裂主动脉窦瘤修补术治疗患者33例的临床资料,其中男27例、女6例,年龄4.5~58.0(28.5±13.5)岁。右冠窦瘤29例(87.8%),无冠窦瘤和左冠窦瘤各2例(各6.1%)。合并室间隔缺损29例;合并少量或少量以上主动脉瓣反流20例。结果未破裂主动脉窦瘤术前超声确诊率仅为52.8%。全组患者无手术死亡。术后早期1例同期行主动脉瓣置换术患者因合并感染发生瓣周漏,于术后14 d再次手术。随访30例(90.9%),平均随访时间22~81(42.9±18.8)个月。术后随访显示患者心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,无窦瘤修补处残余分流或主动脉窦瘤再发。右冠窦瘤患者中,术中在主动脉窦内进行窦瘤修补操作或实施主动脉瓣修复操作者随访期间主动脉瓣反流的改善情况不如仅在右心室单侧进行窦瘤修补者。结论对合并其他心内疾患的未破裂主动脉窦瘤患者采取积极的外科处理策略可以取得良好的治疗效果。     

主动脉窦瘤破裂12例外科治疗

本文报道12侧主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗体会。表组合并室间隔缺损5例,主动脉关闭不全5例,细菌性心内膜炎2例。11例为右冠窦瘤破入右室或右房,1例为左和无冠窦瘤破入左室流出道。全组病例行直接或补片修补窦瘤,并补片修补室间隔缺损,对主动脉瓣关闭不全采取成形2例,2例主动脉瓣置换术。手术死亡1例。文中对其诊断、手术时机、心肌保护、手术方法进行了讨论。     

经导管治疗室间隔缺损

目的 评价经导管治疗室间隔缺损(VSD)的疗效及其安全性. 方法 17例VSD患者经胸超声心动图显示,膜部VSD 16例,肌部VSD 1例;合并室间隔瘤1例;2例VSD上缘距离主动脉瓣1mm,其余均在1mm以上;VSD直径2.3～10 mm(5.05±2.03 mm).所有患者均无严重的肺动脉高压或右向左分流.膜部VSD封堵使用Amplatzer膜部室间隔封堵器和国产室间隔封堵器,肌部VSD使用Amplatzer动脉导管封堵器. 结果 17例VSD造影测量值为2.3～10.5mm(5.75±2.10 mm),选择的封堵器直径为4～12 mm(7.12±1.67 mm).17例患者均成功行VSD封堵术,封堵后10分钟造影无残余分流.1例术后即刻出现I度房室传导阻滞伴右束支传导阻滞,无症状;2例术后3～4天出现右束支传导阻滞,全部患者均随访1～12个月,无其它并发症和残余分流发生. 结论经导管治疗VSD是安全有效的治疗方法之一.     

主动脉窦瘤破裂12例外科治疗

本文报道12例主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗体会。本组合并室间隔缺损5例，主动脉关闭不全5例，细菌性心内膜炎2例。11例为右冠窦瘤破入右室或右房，1例为左和无冠窦瘤破入左室流出道。全组病例行直接或补片修补窦瘤，并补片修补室间隔缺损，对主动脉瓣关闭不全采取成形2例，2例主动脉瓣置换术。手术死亡1例。文中对其诊断、手术时机、心肌保护、手术方法进行了讨论。     

主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗

目的 总结主动脉窦瘤破裂的外科治疗经验.方法 83例主动脉窦瘤破裂患者均在气管内插管静脉复合麻醉中度低温体外循环下行主动脉窦瘤修复术,同时矫治合并的心内畸形,包括行主动脉瓣置换术20例,主动脉瓣成形术9例,三尖瓣成形术4例,肺动脉瓣重建术2例,室间隔缺损修补术37例,房间隔缺损修补术5例,右心室流出道疏通2例,右室双腔心矫治术1例.结果 本组无手术死亡.术后并发心力衰竭2例,再次开胸止血4例,均经治疗后痊愈.所有患者均得到随访,随访时间1个月～6年,平均随访25.6个月.心功能Ⅰ～Ⅱ级.心脏彩色超声心动图复查未发现主动脉窦瘤复发或残余分流,主动脉瓣轻度反流2例,轻至中度反流2例;术后6年主动脉瓣重度反流1例,再次行主动脉瓣置换术.结论 主动脉窦瘤破裂预后不良,尽早手术是治疗主动脉窦瘤破裂惟一有效的治疗方法.治疗的关键是恰当切除瘤体,可靠闭合窦瘤口,彻底矫治心脏畸形.     

两种单静脉法与传统Amplatzer法治疗动脉导管未闭

目的探讨两种单静脉入路法和动静脉双入路法治疗PDA各自的优缺点及最佳适应症,为PDA患者选择合理介入治疗方法提供依据。方法103例PDA患者经三种不同介入方法治疗,其中单静脉入路超声法37例,单静脉入路造影法14例,动静脉双入路法52例。PDA的位置、形态、大小经不同方法观察,单静脉超声法经超声观察,单静脉造影法在PDA内或降主动脉近PDA口外造影观察,动静脉双入路在主动脉弓降部侧位造影观察。选择合适型号的Amplatzer伞经股静脉建立的轨道进行封堵。术后15 min经胸超声及心脏听诊判断有无分流。术前、术后均行血流动力学测定,术后3 d、1个月复查超声心动图,观察大动脉水平有无分流及动脉导管未闭再通。结果103例患者全部一次封堵成功,技术成功率100%。术中操作平均透视时间(10.45±4.35)min,心导管检查测肺动脉收缩压由术前轻度增高[(33.2±3.11)mmHg]降为正常[(22.03±5.3)mmHg]。术后即刻所有患者心前区双期连续性杂音消失,术后无残余分流,无任何并发症发生,随访1个月未发生动脉水平分流及动脉导管再通。结论单静脉入路Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭简化了手术程序,不用或减少造影剂用量,缩短了操作透视时间,手术成功率高,疗效可靠,值得推广应用。     

单纯超声引导下经股静脉封堵筛孔型房间隔缺损的疗效评价

目的介绍超声引导下经皮由股静脉入路应用多孔筛状房间隔封堵器(amplatzer cribriform occluder,ACO)及房间隔缺损封堵器(atrial septal defect occluder,ASDO)封堵筛孔型房间隔缺损(atrial septal defect,ASD)的经验,评估其可行性、有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析我院2015年12月至2018年5月48例在超声引导下经股静脉封堵筛孔型ASD患者的临床资料,其中男17例、女31例,年龄10个月至51岁,平均年龄(11.50±13.86)岁,体重6～79(27.00±20.14)kg。48例筛孔型ASD患者中12例为双孔型,13例为房间隔膨胀瘤并缺损,23例为多孔型ASD。所有患者均在经胸超声心动图(transthoracic echocardiography,TTE)或经食管超声心动图(transesophageal echocardiography,TEE)引导下完成筛孔型ASD的封堵。术后次日复查超声、心电图及胸部X线片以评价疗效。结果 48例筛孔型ASD患者共使用49枚封堵器,1例置入2枚封堵器,其余置入1枚封堵器。ASDO 29枚,ACO 20枚,ASDO大小为8～26 mm,ACO大小为18～34 mm。术中TTE/TEE检查显示48例均完全封堵成功,13例在释放推送杆前可见细束分流,释放推送杆后9例有细束分流,术后24 h复查8例有细束分流,1年后复查3例微量分流。所有随访患者封堵器位置形态良好,右心不同程度缩小,胸部X线片显示肺血不同程度减少,术后心电图未见心律失常。结论单纯超声引导下经股静脉入路选用ACO及ASDO封堵筛孔型ASD,是一种安全有效的方法。     

主动脉窦瘤外科治疗

本文报告47例主动脉窦瘤外科治疗经验。无冠窦破入右房12例,右冠窦破入右室35例,合并室间隔缺损18例。手术治疗效果满意。作者强调彩色超声在术前诊断中的重要性,并对重症患者的术前准备、术中心肌保护要点及手术技巧进行了讨论。     

Ruptured sinus of valsalva aneurysm: a Beijing experience

BACKGROUND: Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSVA) is relatively common in oriental patients. We retrospectively analyzed 67 patients receiving repair of RSVA in a Beijing hospital over 5 years. METHODS: Between October 1, 1996 and September 30, 2001, at Fu Wai Hospital, 67 patients with RSVA underwent surgical repair, 0.78% of all congenital open-heart operations. Forty-four were male and 23 female. Age ranged from 2 to 57 years old (mean 32 +/- 10 years). The RSVA originated in the right (n = 52) or noncoronary (n = 15) sinus. Rupture into the right ventricle was most common (n = 39) with 26 going to the right atrium and two to the left ventricle. Associated cardiovascular lesions were ventricular septal defect (n = 32) and aortic valve incompetence (n = 12). Repair was achieved through an incision in the cardiac chamber of the fistula exit in 61 patients. Aortotomy was used in three patients and both routes were used in three patients. The sinus of Valsalva was repaired with either a patch (n = 63) or direct sutures (n = 4). The aortic valve was replaced in 12 patients. RESULTS: All but 1 patient (n = 66) survived the 30-day operative interval. One patient died of an anticoagulation complication 2 months after the operation. Late complications included residual shunt (n = 2), peri-prosthetic leakage (n = 1), and aortic incompetence (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: In this relatively high-risk population, repair of RSVA can be achieved with satisfactory early results.     

TEE在外科微创房、室间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的探讨TEE引导下外科微创封堵治疗房间隔缺损(ASD)、室间隔缺损(VSD)的价值。方法 58例ASD和129例VSD患者接受TEE引导下外科微创封堵治疗。术中行胸壁小切口暴露心脏,于TEE监测下选择右心房或右心室穿刺点,指引动脉止血鞘通过缺口后释放封堵装置,待TEE多切面证实封堵器位置良好、无明显残余分流及瓣膜并发症后释放封堵器。结果 58例ASD均封堵成功,术后即刻TEE见8例封堵器周围微量残余分流。129例VSD中,114例VSD封堵成功,其中19例术后即刻TEE检查见残余分流,2例右心室流出道血流速度增快,1例变更右心室壁穿刺点后导丝顺利进入缺口;15例转行体外循环下心内直视修补术。结论 TEE可用于指导外科微创封堵治疗ASD和VSD,包括测量缺损大小和位置、选择封堵器型号、确定手术路径、引导封堵器释放和评估治疗效果。     

经食管实时三维超声心动图在经胸微创继发孔型房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的探讨经食管实时三维超声心动图（RT-3D-TEE）在经胸微创封堵术治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损（SASD）中的应用价值。方法对TTE诊断为SASD的58例患者行经胸微创封堵治疗。术前行RT-3D-TEE检查,明确SASD的位置、类型、大小及边缘情况,以选择合适的封堵器;术中于RT-3D-TEE引导下放置封堵器;术后即刻评价封堵效果,1周后复查TTE。结果58例患者均封堵成功,3例少量残余分流;术后1周TTE检查示封堵器位置正常,均无残余分流。结论RT-3I）_TEE可立体显示SASD的部位、形态及与周围结构的空间关系,对于选择封堵器型号、全方位引导放置封堵器及术后疗效评价具有重要临床应用价值。     

Ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm associated with aortic regurgitation caused by hemodynamic effect solely.

We describe a case of ruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (RSVA) with moderate aortic regurgitation (AR), which developed on the second day after admission. The AR was caused by a hemodynamic effect solely, in which the shunt blood flow through ruptured site pulled the right aortic cusp away from closure. The pathological mechanism of the AR was clearly visualized by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and the AR was successfully resolved after simple closure of the RSVA without any additional procedure to the aortic valve.     

A new and simple classification for the non-coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm

Objective: We introduce a simple classification of the non-coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm, and suggest a different approach for the corresponding type of non-coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm. Methods: Between October 1996 and December 2009, 45 patients with non-coronary sinus of Valsalva aneurysm underwent surgical repair. Twenty-three were male and 22 female. The mean age was 32.80 ± 11.77 years (range, 13–67 years). We divided them into two types, type I: rupture or protrusion into right atrium; and type II: rupture or protrusion into right atrium or right ventricle near or at the tricuspid annulus. For type I (n = 32), the right atrium approach was chosen, using direct suture with patch repair. For type II (n = 13), the transaortic approach with right atrium incision was chosen, with patch repair through an aortic incision and direct suture through a right atrium incision. Surgical results between types I and II were compared as regards cardiopulmonary bypass time, clamp aorta time, mechanical ventilation time, and intensive care unit time, and postoperative stay time. Results: There was no early death after operation. There were no significant differences in cardiopulmonary bypass time, mechanical ventilation time, intensive care unit time, and postoperative stay time between two types (p > 0.05). There was significant difference in clamp aorta time, with type II being longer than type I (p < 0.05). Forty-three patients (93.33%) were followed up; one case of coronary artery disease using medication occurred, and there was no late death. Conclusions: Approach through the right atrium or right atrium with aortotomy showed the same early surgical results. Our classification of non-coronary SVA is simple and practical for clinical usage.     

经食管超声心动图在外科微创治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损封堵术中的应用

目的探讨TEE在外科微创置入Amplatzer封堵器治疗继发孔型房间隔缺损（ASD）中的应用价值。方法对术前经TTE及TEE筛选的22例继发孔型ASD患者行外科微创封堵术,在TEE完成治疗全程,包括引导、监测和评估,封堵器选择、术中鞘管输送、封堵器释放及术后即刻手术效果评价。结果采用外科微创封堵术成功治疗21例患者,术后即刻TEE显示封堵器位置正常,塑形良好,无残余分流及并发症。TEE测量ASD最大径为（20.14±7.35）mm,与术中所用封堵器大小[（26.66±8.70）mm]相关性良好（r=0.949,P〈0.0001）。1例患者术中TEE显示不适于微创封堵,改行小切口外科修补术获得成功。封堵术后TTE随访3个月,封堵器位置固定,无移位,无残余分流。结论 TEE在继发孔型ASD外科微创封堵治疗术中具有重要应用价值。     

经食管超声在室间隔缺损小切口封堵术中的应用

目的评价TEE在室间隔缺损（VSD）外科小切口封堵术中的价值。方法 25例VSD患者接受外科小切口封堵术,其中膜周型缺损19例,嵴内型缺损6例;缺损直径3～9mm,平均（5.25±3.47）mm。所有患者术前均接受TTE检查评估VSD。气管插管全身麻醉后,在TEE引导下,经右心室游离壁置入VSD封堵器,并于术后即刻评价手术效果。结果 25例均封堵成功,19例使用等边封堵器,6例使用偏心封堵器。25例术后即刻超声及术后超声观察,室间隔水平均无分流信号。结论 TEE在VSD小切口封堵术术中监测及术后评价中具有重要价值。     

Ruptured congenital sinus of valsalva aneurysms

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Rupture of the sinus of Valsalva is rare, and there is a higher incidence of such rupture in Oriental countries than elsewhere. The objective of this study is to present the pathologic features and the clinical outcome after surgery in such patients. METHODS: Between 1980 and 2001, a total of 17 patients (15 males and 2 females) with ruptured aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva underwent surgical intervention at the Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan. Their age ranged from 22 to 59 years with a mean of 33.5 years. These surgical operations made up 0.51% of the total cardiac operations (3305) performed during this period. The medical records were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The origin of the ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva was the right coronary sinus in 12 patients, the noncoronary sinus in 4, and the left coronary sinus in one patient. The aneurysms ruptured into the right ventricle in 12 patients, into the right atrium in 3 patients, and into the left ventricle in 2 patients. Associated cardiac anomalies were aortic regurgitation in eight patients, ventricular septal defect in seven, and coronary artery fistula in one patient. There was no early postoperative death and one patient underwent a second operation after aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva (ASV) relapse. CONCLUSIONS: The operation for a ruptured aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva carries a low operative risk and results in excellent long-term survival after surgical treatment.     

比较外科手术与介入封堵术治疗室间隔缺损修补术术后残余瘘

目的比较再次外科手术与介入封堵术治疗室间隔缺损（VSD）修补术术后残余瘘的疗效。方法25例VSD患者经外科修补术后出现残余瘘。将其随机分为再次手术组（10例）与介入治疗组（15例）。对再次手术组患者在全身麻醉、浅低温体外循环下行心内直视手术修补残余瘘;对介入治疗组行介入封堵术。结果再次手术组中9例治愈,1例术后出现残余瘘;介入治疗组中14例治愈,1例因缺损过大未封堵成功,改行外科手术。两组患者均无死亡。介入治疗组住院天数、费用均少于再次外科手术组（均P〈0．01）。结论治疗VSD外科修补术后残余瘘时,应根据患者情况具体分析,条件适当时首选介入封堵术。