抗-HCV,HCV RNA检测在丙型肝炎中的应用价值探讨

目的探讨抗-HCV,HCV RNA检测在丙型肝炎诊断中的临床价值。方法选择2018年5月-2018年12月检验科收集的143例抗-HCV(S/CO≥1)初筛实验阳性的血清标本,分别采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)及荧光定量聚合酶链反应法(PCR)、日立7600全自动生化分析仪,进行抗-HCV、HCV RNA病毒载量、ALT检测。结果143例抗-HCV初筛阳性患者中,99例HCV RNA阳性(69.23%),且随着S/CO比值的增高HCV RNA检出的阳性率增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);99例HCV RNA阳性患者中93例抗-HCV的S/CO>10,但随着S/CO的增大,HCV RNA病毒载量高低水平出现的阳性率没有增加(P>0.05);HCV RNA阳性患者ALT异常率(46.46%)高于阴性患者(20.45%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);44例HCV RNA阴性(30.76%)患者中有33例的S/CO>10,且有9例ALT异常。结论ELISA法检测血清抗-HCV诊断丙型肝炎与荧光定量PCR检测法均存在假阳性或假阴性情况;荧光定量PCR法的阳性率低于ELISA法;在临床诊断中ELISA法抗-HCV初筛阳性的样本应同时进行HCV RNA及ALT的联合检测,以避免漏诊、误诊,也为临床抗病毒的有效评估提供可靠的实验室依据。     

抗-HCV、HCV-RNA及ALT检测138例结果分析

目的：探讨丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）RNA与丙型肝炎抗体（抗-HCV）及丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）之间的关系。方法：采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应（FQ-PCR）测定138例疑似HCV感染者血清HCV RNA,ELISA法检测抗-HCV,全自动生化分析仪测定ALT。结果：138例标本中HCV RNA和抗-HCV均阳性者108例,HCV RNA阳性而抗-HCV阴性者3例,HCV RNA阴性而抗-HCV阳性者27例。ALT水平与HCV RNA含量无显著相关性。结论：同时检测HCVRNA和抗-HCV可提高丙型肝炎患者的检出率;HCV RNA含量不能反映肝脏损伤的程度。     

丙型肝炎患者血清和外周血单个核细胞中HCV RNA检测及意义

目的 了解丙肝患者血清和外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中HCV RNA存在情况及其临床意义。方法 应用套式PCR检测46例急性丙型肝炎(丙型肝炎以下简称丙肝)和42例慢性丙肝患者血清和PBMC中HCV RNA.结果 慢性丙肝患者PBMC中HCV RNA检出率显著高于急性丙肝患者(P<0.001);急、慢性丙肝患者血清和慢性丙肝患者PBMC中HCV RNA检出率显著高于ALT正常的抗-HCV阳性者(P<0.001);2例患者血清中HCV RNA阴性,PBMC中可测及,12例患者血清抗-HCV阴性,而血清HCV RNA阳性。结论 血清HCV RNA检测有助于抗-HCV阴性丙肝的诊断和早期诊断;丙肝的肝损害可能与HCV RNA血症有关;PBMC中HCV感染在丙肝的慢性化和慢性肝损害中可能起一定作用,PBMC中可贮存HCV RNA。     

丙型肝炎病毒RNA含量与抗-HCV及ALT的关系

目的 了解丙型肝炎病毒核糖核酸(HCV RNA)与丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)及丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)的关系.方法 144例在本院住院和门诊同时检测HCV RNA、抗-HCV及ALT的患者,用荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(FQ-RT-PCR)法检测标本中的HCV RNA,同时采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测抗-HCV,用全自动生化检测仪测定ALT水平.结果 144例标本中HCV RNA高于上限值34例(23.6%),抗-HCV阳性44例(30.6%),二者有很好的相关性.有46例(31.8%)存在ALT异常,而ALT异常率与HCV RNA含量有一定的比例关系.结论 HCV RNA含量与抗-HCV同时检测可提高临床对丙型肝炎的诊断.HCV RNA是反映HCV复制的可靠指标,结合ALT结果可帮助临床了解HCV在体内的复制状况及肝脏的炎性反应状态.FQ-RT-PCR法检测HCV RNA具有非常好的临床应用价值.     

丙肝患者治疗前后HCV RNA与抗-HCV及丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平的分析

目的分析丙型肝炎患者治疗前血清HCV RNA、抗-HCV和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平及治疗后HCV RNA和ALT水平的变化规律。方法对87例丙型肝炎患者血清进行实时荧光定量法(PCR)检测HCV RNA、ELISA法检测抗-HCV和酶速率法检测ALT浓度水平,并对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果丙型肝炎患者血清抗-HCV抗体滴度显著高于健康对照组,大部分患者的ALT水平均有显著性升高;HCV RNA含量与ALT水平具有显著相关性(r=0.673,P0.01),而与抗-HCV的S/OD值无显著相关性(r=0.122,P0.05);在治疗早期,患者HCV RNA含量在第2天显著性下降,而ALT浓度呈一过性上升。结论在HCV诊断与疗效观察中,血清HCV-RNA、抗-HCV和ALT指标各有利弊,3者有机结合在正确诊断和预测肝脏损伤及早期疗效观察中具有重要的临床意义。     

天津地区无偿献血者HCVRNA与抗-HCV、ALT检测结果相关性分析

目的探讨本中心无偿献血者丙型肝炎病毒RNA(HCV RNA),与丙型肝炎抗体(抗-HCV)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)检测结果之间的相关性。方法经ELISA检测抗-HCV阳性标本313例,采用转录介导的扩增(TMA)-化学发光法定性检测HCV RNA,速率法检测ALT水平。结果 313例抗-HCV阳性血清中HCV RNA阳性者141例(阳性率45.05%);抗-HCV S/CO值1-3.79实验组,HCV RNA阳性率为5%,抗-HCV S/CO值为3.80-4.99的实验组,HCV RNA阳性率为76.74%,S/CO值≥5时,HCV RNA阳性率为56.25%。各组之间差异具统计学意义(P<0.05);抗-HCV(+)/HCV RNA(-)组与抗-HCV(+)/HCV RNA(+)组的ALT检测异常率,分别为17.44%和17.73%,2组之间差异无统计学意义。结论 HCV RNA阳性率与抗-HCV的S/CO值有一定相关性;在抗-HCV异常的无偿献血者人群中,ALT异常率与HCV RNA检测结果无相关性。     

HCV RNA载量与肝脏组织损伤的关系

目的探讨丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）RNA复制水平与肝功能丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）之间的相互关系。方法收集1182例疑似丙肝病人血清标本,采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应（FQ-PCR）检测HCV RNA,利用酶动力法测定ALT、AST,采用ELISA测定抗HCV抗体。数据采用SPSS16.0统计软件处理。结果病人血清样本中,HCV RNA阳性801例（64.8%）,其中抗HCV阳性766例（95.6%）;HCV RNA阴性381例（32.2%）,其中抗HCV阳性100例（26.2%）。HCV RNA阳性样本中同时抗-HCV阳性者ALT,AST异常率分别为59.0%和60.8%;抗-HCV阴性者为31.4%和34.2%。HCV RNA阴性样本中同时抗-HCV阳性者ALT,AST异常率分别为24.0%和15.0%,抗-HCV阴性者为13.9%和12.1%。HCV RNA含量与ALT、AST水平明显成正相关,r=0.62,P〈0.05。结论 HCV RNA含量与肝组织损伤程度成正相关。     

丙型肝炎患者抗肝抗原自身抗体与病毒复制的相关性研究

目的研究丙型肝炎患者抗肝抗原自身抗体与HCV病毒复制的相关性。方法回顾性分析2009年9月至2010年9月的279例抗HCV阳性患者HCV RNA检测及抗肝抗原自身抗体谱检测结果,利用统计学方法研究HCV RNA与抗肝抗原自身抗体谱的相关性。结果 279例抗HCV阳性患者中,有162例(58.1%)患者HCV RNA阳性,其中抗线粒体抗体M2型(AMA-M2)阳性11例(6.8%)、抗可溶性肝抗原抗体(SLA)阳性16例(9.9%)、抗肝肾微粒体抗体(LKM-1)阳性29例(17.9%)、抗肝细胞溶质抗原1型(LC-1)阳性9例(5.6%);117例(41.9%)患者HCV RNA阴性,其中AMA-M2阳性3例(2.6%),SLA阳性3例(2.6%),LKM-1阳性15例(12.8%)、LC-1阳性4例(3.4%)。两者抗肝抗原抗体谱阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=92.8,P<0.05)。结论 HCV RNA阳性患者抗肝抗原自身抗体谱阳性率明显高于HCV RNA阴性患者。     

抗-HCV联合丙型肝炎病毒核酸检测在丙型肝炎患者中的临床价值

目的探讨抗-HCV阳性和抗-HCV阴性与丙型肝炎核酸(HCV-RNA)载量关系及其在丙型肝炎检测中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2010年9月至2013年10月该院236例丙型肝炎患者,抽取所有患者血清标本,采用化学发光微粒子免疫法检测抗-HCV,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应法检测HCV-RNA,并对检测结果进行比较。结果抗-HCV总检出率为83.4%(197/236),HCV-RNA总检出率为87.1%(207/236),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.00),抗-HCV和HCV-RNA联合检测的准确率为98.7%(233/236)。HCR-RNA阳性和阴性患者ALT阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.00)。HCR-RNA和ALT相关系数为r=0.86(P=0.00)。结论联合检测抗-HCV和HCV-RNA,可早期确诊HCV感染患者。     

街头献血者丙氨酸氨基转移酶与隐匿性丙型肝炎病毒感染的关系分析

目的观察街头献血者丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)与隐匿性丙型肝炎病毒感染(OCI)的关系,旨在提高街头献血的安全性。方法回顾性分析2018年6月至2019年6月榆林市865例街头献血者的检查资料,检测入组患者丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)、外周血HCV RNA、血ALT水平,分析865例街头献血者检测结果,并对ALT异常献血者OCI筛查结果进行分析,采用Spearman相关分析ALT水平与外周血HCV RNA的相关性。结果 865例献血者中,ALT正常献血者686例,占79.31%,ALT异常者179例,占20.69%,ALT异常者HCV RNA阳性率明显高于ALT正常献血者(P<0.05);179例ALT异常献血者中共68例外周血HCV RNA阳性,其中外周血HCV RNA阳性者ALT水平明显高于HCV RNA阴性者(P<0.05);ALT水平与外周血HCV RNA载量呈正相关(r=0.346,P<0.05)。结论街头献血者不仅需常规检测ALT水平,且需重视对OCI筛查以及外周血HCV RNA的检测,以提高街头献血的安全性。     

丙型肝炎病毒核心抗原检测在丙型肝炎筛检中的应用

目的探讨丙型肝炎病毒核心抗原(HCV-cAg)对丙型肝炎(简称丙肝)筛查的意义。方法收集2014年10月至2015年10月8 000例门诊及住院患者,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测HCV-cAg、丙型肝炎病毒抗体(HCV-Ab),并对HCVcAg或HCV-Ab阳性标本采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)法检测HCV-RNA进行确诊。结果以HCV-cAg或HCV-Ab阳性为标准,从8 000例血清样本中初步筛查出阳性样本82例,经HCV-RNA确证,其中HCV-RNA阳性73例,阴性9例,HCV-cAg的灵敏度及特异度分别为45.83%和99.98%,HCV-Ab的灵敏度及特异度分别为94.44%和99.90%,联合检测HCV-cAg与HCV-Ab的灵敏度及特异度分别为100.00%和99.86%。结论在丙肝筛检工作中,HCV-cAg与HCV-Ab二者有互补性,联合检测HCV-cAg与HCV-Ab有助于提高HCV筛查率。     

丙型肝炎核心抗原与丙型肝炎抗体联合检测在丙型肝炎诊疗中的作用

目的了解丙型肝炎核心抗原(HCV-cAg)检测在丙型肝炎(简称丙肝)诊疗中的作用。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对400例健康体检者和600例邢台市人民医院住院患者进行HCV-cAg和丙肝抗体(抗-HCV)联合检测,HCV-cAg阳性标本用PCR荧光定量法检测HCV-RNA确认。结果 400例健康体检者6例(1.5%)抗-HCV阳性,0例HCV-cAg阳性;600例住院患者12例(2%)抗-HCV阳性,4例(0.67%)HCV-cAg阳性(含1例抗-HCV阳性),HCV-RNA确认3例,二者符合率为75%。结论 HCV-cAg较抗-HCV的检测将丙肝病毒感染的"窗口期"提前了,是HCV的早期诊断指标,HCV-cAg与抗-HCV联合检测有助于提高HCV的诊断率,对于HCV筛查有重要意义,是有效防范丙肝传播的重要手段,值得推广。     

丙型肝炎病毒总抗原检测用于病程监测的研究

目的探讨丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)总抗原检测方法在丙肝病程监测方面的临床意义。方法对来本院就诊的40位丙肝患者于治疗前、治疗1个月时、治疗3个月时、治疗6个月(停药)时,停药6个月后等不同时期进行采血,收集血清或血浆标本,用抗-HCV检测试剂盒(酶联免疫法)、HCV核酸(RNA)扩增(PCR)荧光定量检测试剂盒、HCV总抗原检测试剂盒(酶联免疫法)进行检测。结果从患者确认感染丙肝到治疗结束抗-HCV检测均呈阳性,而HCV-RNA检测和HCV总抗原检测会随着病程的变化而变化。本次共检测了189例标本(40位患者不同时期标本总例数),其中HCV-RNA阳性51例,该51例阳性标本中,HCV总抗原检测阳性44例,阳性检出率为86.27%;138例HCV-RNA阴性标本,有3例HCV总抗原检测为阳性(2.2%)。2种方法比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.6,P>0.05)。HCV总抗原检测其OD值会随着病程的变化而相应改变,可以较好地反应丙肝患者的病程状况。结论 HCV总抗原检测方法在丙肝病程监测方面具有很好的临床意义,适合在缺少荧光定量PCR检测能力的中小医院使用,可在一定程度上替代HCV-RNA检测,对抗-HCV阳性患者作进一步的验证检测或补充,更好地应用于丙肝患者的病程监测。     

Predictors of liver-related complications in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Chronic hepatitis C is the leading cause of decompensated liver disease requiring liver transplantation and a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In liver clinic series, about 20% of those chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) develop cirrhosis over 20 years. From epidemiological data, however, it is clear that certain subgroups of patients are more likely to develop liver-related complications than others. Both host and viral factors have been implicated in individual susceptibility to adverse outcomes. The impact of host factors, such as alcoholism, is now well defined, and viral factors, such as genotype and viral load, appear to be less influential than previously considered. Coinfections with HIV, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) may influence the rate of fibrotic progression and the subsequent development of complications in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The stage of fibrosis on biopsy and biochemical markers, such as a low serum albumin, can help identify patients who are more likely to develop complications. The role of the immune system in modifying the course of HCV is only now being defined. This editorial explores the role of host and viral factors in the development of liver-related complications in HCV-infected individuals.     

Increasing public awareness about hepatitis C: development and validation of the brief hepatitis C knowledge scale

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is silently becoming a major public health problem. Currently, no validated HCV knowledge measures exist. This study aimed to develop and validate a brief measure to assess general knowledge about HCV risk factors, modes of transmissions, and treatment options. A total of 406 individuals participated in this cross‐sectional study. All participants completed the proposed 19‐item Brief HCV Knowledge Scale. Participants were: HCV mono‐infected patients (n = 83), HCV–human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co‐infected patients (n = 24), HIV mono‐infected patients (n = 128) community healthcare workers (n = 89), and college students (n = 82). Two‐week test–retest data were collected for the college student sample. Psychometric evaluation of the proposed scale demonstrated high levels of validity (content and construct validity) and reliability (internal consistency and retest stability). Factor analysis indicated a one‐factor solution, which accounted for 49% of the variance. HCV knowledge was positively correlated with length of time since HCV diagnosis (r = 0.29, p < 0.05). HCV treatment‐experienced patients obtained significantly higher HCV knowledge scores (82% correct) than HCV treatment‐naïve patients (72% correct) (p < 0.05). HCV knowledge in College students (43% correct) and HIV patients (54% correct) was significantly lower than in HCV patients (77% correct) and community healthcare workers (80% correct) (p < 0.001). Community workers’ HCV knowledge was positively correlated with years of HCV work experience (r = 0.30, p < 0.01). This self‐administered Brief HCV Knowledge scale has high levels of validity and reliability across patient, healthcare provider and college student populations. It has valuable applications as a clinical teaching tool with patients and healthcare providers and could be used as an outcome indicator in novel HCV educational intervention studies.     

福建省慢性丙型肝炎患者丙型肝炎病毒基因分型的分析

目的观察福建省慢性丙型肝炎患者基因型分布特点以及与患者性别、年龄、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV） RNA 之间的关系。方法应用反转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和 SANGER 测序法对155例慢性丙型肝炎患者的HCV 进行基因分型。结果在155例标本中,HCV 基因1型占55．48％,基因2型占18．71％,基因3型13．51％,基因6型12．26％,未见基因4、5型;男女慢性 HCV 感染均以1型为主要基因型,在其他基因型中,男性3型、6型多于2型,女性则以2型为主,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）;基因2型平均年龄为（49岁）,3型平均年龄为（35岁）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论福建地区 HCV 基因型以1b 型为主,其次是2a 型,未见基因4、5型;基因2型的感染者平均年龄较基因3型大。     

Completed hepatitis C lookback in Northern Ireland

Hepatitis C virus screening of blood donors was introduced in September 1991 using a second- generation enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and subsequent confirmatory testing with immunoblot (RIBA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In April 1995 a lookback exercise was announced by the Department of Health, the purpose of which was to trace, counsel, investigate and, if necessary, treat individuals who may have been infected with HCV through blood and blood products prior to screening. A total of 231 321 donations have been screened, of which 553 were found to be reactive. Subsequent confirmatory tests identified 24 HCV-positive donors; 13 were repeat donors who had given a total of 164 units. Ninety-three units were traced and 117 components were identified as having been issued to hospitals. Twenty-five recipients requiring follow-up were identified, of which three were assessed by their GPs as not requiring counselling. Of 22 recipients of potentially infectious units 12 showed no evidence of exposure to HCV. We discuss these results in detail.     

常规体检检测丙型肝炎病毒抗体的临床意义

目的 研究开展普通人群丙型肝炎(下称丙肝)病毒抗体常规体检的临床意义.方法 用酶联免疫吸附试验法对8 450例患者血清进行丙肝抗体检测.结果 2003年丙肝抗体阳性率为2.49%,2004年为3.14%,2005年为3.34%,2006年(1～6月)为4.26%.结论 丙肝感染情况已日趋严重,为防止疾病扩散,早发现、早治疗,针对普通人群开展丙肝病毒抗体常规体检具有十分重要的临床意义.     

丙型肝炎病原学不同检测方法的临床应用价值对比分析

目的探讨抗体、抗原及核酸检测在丙型肝炎诊断中的应用价值。方法收集2012年1月到2013年12月珠海市香洲区人民医院筛查抗-HCV抗体阳性标本48份。用3种抗体试剂、2种抗原试剂及HCV-RNA复核检测结果。结果复核阳性丽珠37份,科华36份,新创36份,莱博21份,康润18份,HCV-RNA 28份。3种抗体试剂复核均阴性的10份标本中检出HCV-RNA阳性1份,莱博抗原阳性3份,康润抗原阳性1份。3种抗体灵敏度均为96.4%,阳性预测值为72.9%~75.0%;2种抗原试剂灵敏度分别为40.0%和83.3%,阳性预测值分别为57.0%和83.3%。结论丙型肝炎病毒抗体检测具有较高的诊断灵敏度,但诊断特异性较低,对抗-HCV抗体阳性标本采用抗体加抗原模式进行复核对丙型肝炎诊断具有重要的价值,对有疑问的标本再用HCV-RNA进行确证,可预防误诊、漏诊。     

Risk of hepatitis C infection in neonates transfused with blood from donors infected with hepatitis C

This look-back study was undertaken to identify newborn infants who had been infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a result of transfusions received before the introduction of routine screening in 1991 and to determine the transmission rates and persistence of transfusion-transmitted HCV infection acquired in the neonatal period. A total of 24 infants, transfused between 1980 and 1991, were identified as having received potentially infected blood from 11 blood donors. Ten of the donors had been administered batches of anti-D in 1977 known to have transmitted HCV genotype 1b infection. HCV RNA was detected in five of these donors when tested in 1994–95; the past donations of five of the donors, who had received anti-D immunoglobulin and had serological evidence of previous HCV infection but who were PCR negative when tested in 1994–95, were considered of lower risk. The source and time of acquisition of HCV infection for the one remaining donor in the study was not determined. Twenty-one (88%) of the 24 children were living at time of lookback. The median age at transfusion was 12 days. The median age at time of testing was 6.3 years. One child, who tested negative, was excluded from further analysis of HCV transmission, due to incomplete transfusion records. Overall, 12 of 20 (60%) children tested were positive for anti-HCV and seven (35%) were HCV RNA positive. Twelve (71%) of the 17 recipients of viraemic blood were ELISA positive and seven (41%) were PCR positive. Resolved HCV infection, as determined by ELISA pos, RIBA pos or indeterminate and PCR negativity, occurred in five of 12 (42%). In many instances there was more than one recipient per HCV infected donation. All of the reported children are clinically asymptomatic. However, the duration of HCV infection is relatively short and there is evidence of a degree of hepatitis in five of the seven children who are HCV RNA positive as judged by mildly elevated transaminase levels. The three who have undergone liver biopsy show mild hepatitis. The lower rates of persistence of HCV infection in this study may be due to the young age at exposure or to the source of infection which for all but one of the children was linked to one HCV genotype from female donors. Sharing of units of blood among multiple infants should be discouraged.