CIN患者HPV感染亚型特点及宫颈锥切术后HPV感染转阴相关因素的研究

目的探讨宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）患者人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染亚型特点,分析宫颈锥切术后HPV感染转阴的相关因素。方法选择本院接受两癌筛查HPV阳性的544例妇女为研究对象,回顾性分析HPV感染亚型分布特点,经病理确诊的CIN2和CIN3的患者采取宫颈锥切术治疗,探讨术后HPV感染转阴的相关因素。结果前3位感染亚型是HPV52型、HPV16型和HPV58型,分别占18.20%、13.05%和12.5%;宫颈锥切术后半年HPV转阴率为76.58%,单因素分析提示年龄、受教育程度、产次、病变程度、累及腺体和术后应用抗炎药与HPV转阴均无明显相关性,多因素分析提示术后性生活与HPV转阴存在相关性。结论 CIN患者以HPV52、HPV16型和HPV58型感染为主,宫颈锥切术治疗CIN效果明显,术后性生活可能是影响HPV感染转阴的相关因素。     

人乳头瘤病毒感染与宫颈病变关系的临床研究

目的研究不同程度的子宫颈病变患者的人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染情况和HPV亚型分布。方法选取本院妇科门诊448例行宫颈活检结果有异常病例,根据病理分为炎症组88例,宫颈上皮内瘤变CIN I组108例,CINⅡ组97例,CINⅢ组90例,宫颈癌组65例。并对448例患者用检酸分子快速杂交技术进行HPV-DNA分型检测。结果 448例患者中有337例（75.2%）HPV检测呈阳性。HPV亚型感染频度由高到低前五位分别为16、58、33、52、18,单一HPV16型在5组中的感染率分别是5.6%、13.9%、28.9%、40.0%、53.8%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。有≥2型同时感染者为68例,其中炎症组6例（6.8%）,CIN I组21例（19.4%）、CINⅡ组21例（21.6%）、CINⅢ组18例（20.0%）、宫颈癌组12例（18.4%）。宫颈病变各组间差异无统计学意义,但各宫颈上皮内瘤变组与炎症组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论随着高危型HPV感染的阳性率升高,宫颈病变级别呈上升趋势。在妇科体检中应重视HPV的发生。     

人乳头状瘤病毒基因亚型与宫颈病变的关系

目的 探讨不同基因亚型人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）感染在宫颈病变中作用.方法 对476例患者宫颈分泌物作病毒分型.其中238例在阴道镜下多点取活组织病理检查,根据病理学诊断结果分三组：（1）正常或炎症组,共43例;（2）低度鳞状上皮内瘤变（LSIL）组,共152例;（3）高度鳞状上皮内瘤变（HSIL）组,包括宫颈浸润癌共43例.根据人乳头状瘤病毒基因（HPV-DNA）亚型分布,分析HPV感染基因型与宫颈病变程度的关系.结果 高度鳞状上皮内瘤变患者中HPV阳性率达90.5%,原位癌及浸润癌达100%,正常或炎症组、LSIL组、HSIL组HPV感染者分别占48.6%、67.7%、90.5%,HSIL组明显高于其他两组,差异显著（P＜0.001）.宫颈病变存在多重HPV感染.结论 宫颈病变患者感染HPV-52、16、51、58、68、CP8304、11型较多见,HPV-16、52、58、31、CP8304、33、18型致癌性较强,多重HPV感染可能促进宫颈癌的发生.     

宫颈细胞学正常高危HPV感染人群的风险评估

目的评估宫颈细胞学正常的高危亚型HPV感染人群罹患宫颈癌及癌前期病变风险。方法对395例细胞学正常,高危亚型HPV感染者进一步做阴道镜筛查,宫颈活检,组织病理学检查,并统计分析。结果入选395例研究对象中,发现CINⅠ24例,CINⅡ～Ⅲ41例,宫颈鳞癌1例,阳性发生率为16.7%。其中多重感染(不含16/18)76例,发现CINⅠ8例,CINⅡ～Ⅲ10例,鳞癌1例,阳性率25%;多重感染(含16/18)54例,发现CINⅠ3例,CINⅡ～Ⅲ11例,阳性率25.9%。单一HPV感染(不含16/18)组210例,发生CINⅠ10例,CINⅡ～Ⅲ15例,阳性率11.9%,与亚型58、52、33、31、53密切相关;HPV16/18组55例,发生CINⅠ3例,CINⅡ～Ⅲ15例,阳性率32.7%。结论多重感染与单纯HPV16/18感染引起宫颈癌及癌前期病变风险无显著性差异(P>0.05),需引起重视,单一感染(除16/18)HPV亚型58、52、33、31、53与宫颈癌及癌前期病变密切相关,但显著低于HPV16/18感染组(P<0.05),对初次发现这些亚型单一感染进行组织学检查需结合临床酌情考虑。     

163例宫颈上皮内瘤变合并人乳头状瘤病毒感染的临床分析

目的探讨人乳头状瘤病毒6、11亚型(HPV6/11)与宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)的相关性。方法对163例CIN合并HPV感染的病理组织学诊断和原位杂交检测HPV6/11、16/18DNA分型的结果进行回顾性统计分析。结果在CIN的每个级别中,都有HPV6/11的单一存在,在CINⅢ中HPV6/11、16/18混合感染占75%,而单一的HPV16/18感染只占18.75%。结论HPV6/11导致CIN的风险不容忽视,与HPV16/18同时存在时,致癌风险较单一HPV16/18感染增加3～4倍。     

应用原位杂交技术检测宫颈上皮内瘤变的临床研究

目的应用原位杂交技术检测宫颈鳞状上皮内瘤变(CIN)中人类乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)DNA,观察其表达,分析其意义。方法应用原位杂交技术对171例宫颈上皮内瘤变的组织进行HPV6/11、16/18的检测。结果在CINⅠ中,HPV6/11阳性表达率(42.7%)高于HPV16/18阳性表达率(18.3%)(P<0.05),显示CINⅠ以HPV6/11感染多见;CINⅡ中HPV16/18阳性表达率(39.1%)明显高于HPV6/11阳性表达率(26.1%)(P<0.05),CINⅢ中HPV16/18阳性表达率(58.1%)高于HPV6/11阳性表达率(28.0%)(P<0.05),说明在CINⅡ及CINⅢ中以HPV16/18感染多见;而HPV6/11感染概率与年龄之间关系不具有统计学意义(P>0.05);HPV16/18感染概率随年龄增加而增加(P<0.05)。结论原位杂交技术可以有效准确的发现并检测HPV感染。针对不同的CIN分型有所侧重的选择探针检测HPV感染类疾病,可以使更多宫颈病得到确诊,减少浸润性肿瘤的发生。     

尖锐湿疣、宫颈上皮内瘤变及宫颈鳞形细胞癌中人乳头状瘤病毒的分析

目的 :探讨不同种类人乳头状瘤病毒 (HPV)感染与病变性质的关系。方法 :采取DNA原位杂交技术检测尖锐湿疣38例 ,宫颈上皮内轻度瘤变 (CINⅠ )35例 ,宫颈上皮内中度瘤变 (CINⅡ )27例 ,宫颈上皮内重度瘤变 (CINⅢ )29例 ,宫颈鳞形细胞癌36例和正常生殖道55例。对HPV -DNA进行检测并对HPV感染的主要类型进行分析。结果 :尖锐湿疣中 ,HPV -DNA检出率为94.7 %,HPV6和HPV11占其中的86.1 % ,宫颈癌中HPV -DNA检出率为91.6 % ,HPV16和HPV18为主要类型占81.8 % ;而在CINⅠ -CINⅢ中 ,HPV -DNA检出率分别为80 %、77.8 %、82.8 %。CINI中HPV6、11型占67.8 %。而CINⅡ及CINⅢ中 ,HPV16、18分别占52.4 %及79.2 % ;对照组中HPV隐匿感染率为32.7 %。结论 :低危险型HPV6.11主要引起外生殖器湿疣等良性病变包括CI NI,高危险型HPV如HPV16、18与宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内中、高度瘤变的发生相关。     

吸烟及HPV16/18 感染对低度宫颈上皮内瘤自然消退的影响

目的宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasias,CIN)是一组与宫颈浸润癌密切相关的癌前期病变的统称,包括宫颈不典型增生和宫颈原位癌,反映了宫颈癌发生中连续发展的过程,本研究探讨吸烟及HPV16/18感染与宫颈上皮内瘤变自然消退之间的关系。方法追踪2009年1月～2010年12月在长沙市三医院及长沙市妇幼保健院确诊为宫颈上皮内瘤变Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者并在1年后复检者共385例,其中吸烟者98例,不吸烟者287例,高危HPV16/18感染者242例,无高危HPV16/18感染者143例。1年后复检385例患者中166例宫颈上皮内瘤变自然消退。对HPV16/18及吸烟对宫颈上皮瘤变转归的关系进行统计学分析。结果一年后385例CIN中166自然消退,非HPV16/18感染患者较HPV16/18感染患者有更高的宫颈上皮内瘤变自然消退率(60.8%vs32.6%),而其中吸烟的HPV16/18感染者宫颈上皮内瘤变自然消退率最低(27.1%)。结论Ⅰ、Ⅱ期宫颈上皮内瘤变在12月内可自然消退,HPV感染(HPV16/18)是宫颈上皮内瘤变持续的重要因素,吸烟可能促进HPV感染患者宫颈上皮内瘤变的持续存在。     

人乳头瘤病毒检测对宫颈病变的诊断价值

目的评价人乳头瘤病毒（HPV-DNA）分型检测对宫颈病变的诊断价值。方法对780例HPV-DNA阳性且病理活检为宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（CINⅠ-Ⅲ）患者进行手术或物理治疗,治疗后6个月、12个月行HPV-DNA检测及液基薄层细胞学检查。结果780例患者中常见HPV-DNA分型分别为16、52、58、18、33、31型;在CINⅠ患者中,HPV-52、58型检出率最高,在CINⅡ、CINⅢ、原位癌及浸润癌患者中,HPV-16型感染率明显高于其他基因型,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。520例治疗后随访1年,其中432例（83．08％）HPV—DNA感染患者3个月至1年内消退,88例（16．92％）HPV感染未消退,其中细胞学检查为正常或炎症48例（54．55％）,ASC．US14例（15．90％）,LSIL22例（25％）,HSIL4例（4．55％）;HPV持续阳性患者中细胞学检查异常均高于HPV阴性患者。结论宫颈病变患者最常见HPV基因型为16、52、58、18、33、31型,尤其是HPV-16型与高级别上皮内瘤变及宫颈癌密切相关。     

人乳头瘤病毒L1壳蛋白与宫颈病变的关系探讨

<正>宫颈癌的发生是宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)Ⅰ级、CINⅡ级、CINⅢ级、宫颈浸润癌的一个连续发展过程。高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)持续感染是其发病的主要原因[1],主要是16、182个高危亚型感染。据资料报道,70%以上有性生活的妇女会感染HPV[2]。本文对我院2008年9月至2010年7月妇科及病     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.