小腿深筋膜下内镜交通支离断术治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全

目的：探讨小腿深筋膜下内镜交通支离断术（离断术）治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全合并小腿交通支功能不全的疗效。方法：回顾性分析采用离断术治疗18例（20条肢体）合并小腿交通支功能不全的下肢慢性静脉功能不全的临床资料。结果：共发现69条交通支；功能不全者62支，功能正常者7支。手术离断65支，遗漏4支，除色素沉着外，手术后临床评分较术前均有明显降低（P＜0．01），无严重并发症发生，术后3个月随访，溃疡愈合率为88．9％，愈合后无溃疡复发。结论：小腱深筋膜下的内镜交通支离断术是一种新的安全，有效的治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全合并小腿交通支功能不全的手术方法，尤其适合静脉性溃疡的患者。     

内镜下大隐静脉交通支离断术术后并发症防治

目的探讨内镜下大隐静脉交通支离断术术后并发症的防治方法。方法回顾分析我院2002年1月至2005年12月收治下肢慢性静脉功能不全患者136例临床资料,共172条肢体均行内镜下大隐静脉交通支离断术(subfascialendoscopicperforatorsurgery,SEPS),155条肢体随访,随访率90.1%,随访时间1~36个月。结果SEPS术后出现筋膜下出血12条肢体(7.1%),皮下气肿18条肢体(10.5%),小腿前内侧及足踝区感觉麻木33条肢体(19.2%)。结论术前下肢静脉造影及结合Pratt试验定位交通支,术中膝关节上上止血带,术后应用弹力绷带能较好预防SEPS术后筋膜下出血及皮下气肿的发生。     

腔镜筋膜下交通支离断术在下肢复杂性溃疡中的应用

目的:对比腔镜筋膜下交通支离断术与交通静脉腔内激光闭合术治疗下肢动静脉复杂性溃疡的效果。方法:将2014年1月至2018年1月收治的131例动静脉复杂性溃疡患者随机分为治疗组(67例,83条肢体)与对照组(64例,89条肢体),治疗组采用腔镜筋膜下交通支离断术联合压迫疗法,对照组采用交通静脉腔内激光闭合术联合压迫疗法,对比两组治疗效果。结果:对照组手术时间[(26.05±5.76)min vs.(35.55±6.17)min]、术中出血量[3.52(2.02~4.26)mL vs.6.47(5.30~8.24)mL]优于治疗组(P<0.05);治疗组溃疡面积[(6.33±2.10)cm 2 vs.(10.41±4.02)cm 2]、静脉临床严重程度评分[7(5~9)vs.8(6~10)]、术后生活质量评分[(113.27±7.29)vs.(108.66±11.47)]优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:腔镜筋膜下交通支离断术与交通静脉腔内激光闭合术联合压迫疗法是治疗动静脉复杂性溃疡的合理方案,腔镜筋膜下交通支离断术联合压迫疗法疗效更为显著。     

腔镜下交通静脉离断术治疗严重下肢静脉曲张研究

目的探讨腔镜下交通静脉离断术治疗严重下肢静脉曲张的效果。方法将2010-05—2011-05收治的39例严重下肢静脉曲张患者(47条患肢)随机分成3组,每组各13例。A组施行传统高位结扎主干剥除、曲张静脉点式剥除术;B组实施筋膜下交通支离断术(SEPS)+传统手术;C组实施腔镜筋膜外交通支离断术(ELPS)+传统手术。比较3种手术方法术后疼痛时间、下地时间、溃疡愈合及色素沉着好转时间。结果 47条患肢经手术治疗后肢体症状及浅静脉曲张消失、溃疡愈合、色素沉着好转,3组患者住院时间、术后并发症、严重皮肤改变恢复时间等方面等差异有统计学意义,2种腔镜手术组均优于单纯传统手术组(P<0.05),证明腔镜手术组明显好于传统手术组,随访6～18个月,各组均未出现新生溃疡及浅静脉曲张复发。结论腔镜深筋膜下及筋膜外交通静脉离断术是治疗下肢静脉性溃疡的重要手术方式,安全有效、损伤少、并发症少,优于传统手术。     

内镜下深筋膜下交通支离断术治疗老年下肢慢性静脉性溃疡

目的 :探讨电视内镜下深筋膜下交通支静脉离断术治疗老年下肢慢性静脉性溃疡的可行性。方法 :大隐静脉曲张 6例 (10条肢体 ) ,同时存在浅静脉倒流、交通支静脉功能不全和静脉性溃疡 ,4条肢体深静脉功能不全。手术方法为高位结扎大隐静脉 ,分段抽剥 ,内镜下行深筋膜下交通支离断术 ,1例行股静脉戴戒术。结果 :术后肢体症状和浅静脉曲张消失 ,肢体溃疡或皮炎 3周内愈合。结论 :内镜下深筋膜下交通支结扎术具有微创、有效的特点 ,是治疗下肢静脉功能不全性溃疡的有效方法     

激光联合腔镜治疗下肢慢性静脉性皮肤溃疡北大核心CSCD

目的探讨激光闭合曲张静脉联合腔镜下交通支离断术治疗下肢静脉性溃疡的临床疗效和意义。方法回顾性分析2011年10月至2016年2月我院收治的112例患者（124条下肢）,采用激光闭合曲张静脉联合腔镜下交通支离断术治疗下肢静脉曲张伴有足靴区皮肤溃疡的患者,观察术后皮肤溃疡及色素的恢复情况。结果124条肢体腔镜下可见2—6条交通支病变,术后浅静脉曲张消退,术后1个月和1年超声随访示交通支均已闭合,静脉性皮肤溃疡愈合,色素沉着减轻。结论通过激光闭合曲张静脉联合腔镜下交通支离断术可有效治疗下肢静脉曲张伴溃疡,恢复快,不良反应小。     

激光联合腔镜治疗下肢慢性静脉性皮肤溃疡北大核心CSCD

目的探讨激光闭合曲张静脉联合腔镜下交通支离断术治疗下肢静脉性溃疡的临床疗效和意义。方法回顾性分析2011年10月至2016年2月我院收治的112例患者（124条下肢）,采用激光闭合曲张静脉联合腔镜下交通支离断术治疗下肢静脉曲张伴有足靴区皮肤溃疡的患者,观察术后皮肤溃疡及色素的恢复情况。结果124条肢体腔镜下可见2—6条交通支病变,术后浅静脉曲张消退,术后1个月和1年超声随访示交通支均已闭合,静脉性皮肤溃疡愈合,色素沉着减轻。结论通过激光闭合曲张静脉联合腔镜下交通支离断术可有效治疗下肢静脉曲张伴溃疡,恢复快,不良反应小。     

腔镜筋膜下交通静脉离断术治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全

目的:探讨腔镜筋膜下交通支静脉离断术在治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全中的作用。方法:选取CEAP分级C4级以上的患者22例(共27条肢体)行腔镜深筋膜下交通静脉离断术,并联合施行大隐静脉及曲张浅静脉剥脱术。结果:22例术后症状和浅静脉曲张消失,无切口感染坏死、皮下气肿及筋膜腔血肿等并发症。足靴区色素沉着及硬化明显改善,6例足靴区活动性溃疡在术后2周内愈合。随访1~12个月无静脉曲张及溃疡复发。结论:腔镜深筋膜下交通静脉离断术具有交通支静脉离断彻底、损伤小、恢复快、复发率低、并发症少等优点,可作为治疗CEAP分级Ap、PR的CVI患者的重要手段。     

内镜筋膜下交通静脉结扎术治疗重度慢性下肢静脉功能不全51例

目的总结内镜筋膜下交通静脉结扎术 (subfascialendoscopicperforatorsurgery ,SEPS)治疗重度慢性下肢静脉功能不全的临床经验。方法从 1999年 11月至 2 0 0 2年 8月采用SEPS治疗重度慢性下肢静脉功能不全 5 1例 ,共 6 4条肢体。采用临床分级、静脉功能评分、彩色多普勒超声、彩色多普勒剖面流速图、静脉造影、空气体积描记仪等方法在手术前后对患肢状况进行分析。结果术后随访率 90 6 % (5 8 6 4 ) ,随访 3～ 35个月。全组浅静脉曲张未见复发 ,有 4 0条肢体溃疡愈合(97 6 % ) ,愈合时间平均 (32± 5 )d ,手术前后静脉功能综合评分均值分别为 (13 9± 1 7)分vs.(6 4± 0 8)分、手术前后彩超剖面流速图静脉返流量均值分别为 (6 1 2± 7 7)ml svs.(45 6± 5 7)ml s和空气体积描记仪 3项指标术前后均值比较均差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论SEPS对于重度慢性下肢静脉功能不全 ,特别是合并静脉性溃疡者具有良好疗效 ,如同时行浅静脉缝扎和深静脉瓣膜修复成形可取得更好的疗效。     

腔镜筋膜下交通支离断术联合腔内激光治疗术对静脉性溃疡的疗效

探讨腔镜筋膜下交通支离断术联合腔内激光治疗术对静脉性溃疡的临床疗效。将2017年1月—2020年1月菏泽市中医医院血管外科收治的60例静脉性溃疡患者随机分为观察组(30例)和对照组(30例),观察组采用腔镜筋膜下交通支离断术联合腔内激光治疗术,对照组采用大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱联合交通支结扎术,对比两组患者的治疗效果。结果表明,观察组治疗后1个月和3个月的静脉临床严重程度评分分别为(10.17±2.46)分、(7.63±2.01)分;对照组治疗后1个月和3个月的静脉临床严重程度评分分别为(12.40±2.34)分、(9.10±1.94)分。2种方案均可有效改善患者静脉临床严重程度评分(P<0.05),观察组方案优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后1个月和3个月的溃疡面积分别为(3.50±2.33)cm^(2)、(1.82±1.43)cm^(2);对照组治疗后1个月和3个月的溃疡面积分别为(7.34±4.01)cm^(2)、(4.27±2.92)cm^(2)。2种方案均可有效缩小患者溃疡面积(P<0.05),观察组方案优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组溃疡状态评分2.00(1.00~3.00)分,对照组溃疡状态评分3.00(2.00~4.00)分,较治疗前均有下降(P<0.05),观察组治疗后溃疡状态评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组住院总费用高于对照组(P<0.05)。腔镜筋膜下交通支离断术联合腔内激光治疗术和大隐静脉高位结扎剥脱联合交通支结扎术均为治疗静脉性溃疡的合理方案,腔镜筋膜下交通支离断术联合腔内激光治疗术疗效更为显著。     

The value of air plethysmography in predicting clinical outcome after surgical treatment of chronic venous insufficiency

PURPOSE: The role of air plethysmography (APG) as a predictor of clinical outcome after surgery in venous disease is yet to be defined. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of APG in predicting clinical outcome after venous surgery for chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). METHODS: Seventy-three extremities in 71 patients with Class 3 through 6 CVI were assessed preoperatively with CEAP (c linical, e tiologic, a natomic, p athophysiologic) criteria, standing reflux duplex ultrasound scan, and APG with measurements of preoperative venous filling index (VFI), venous volumes, ejection fraction, and residual volume fraction. After surgical treatment of the affected limbs, repeat APG studies were obtained within 6 weeks. Established venous reporting standards were used for follow-up to calculate clinical symptom scores (CSSs) in each patient. RESULTS: Superficial venous reflux occurred alone in 24 limbs or in conjunction with perforator incompetence in 26 limbs. Deep and superficial reflux, with or without perforator incompetence, was found in 16 limbs, and seven limbs had isolated deep insufficiency. Follow-up was available in 60 of 71 patients (mean period, 44.3 months). Postoperative APG demonstrated significant hemodynamic changes after surgery as measured with VFI, venous volumes, ejection fraction, and residual volume fraction. Mean CSSs decreased from 7.35 +/- 0.56 preoperatively to 1.79 +/- 0.32 at late follow-up after surgery (P <.001). With the use of logistic regression, the parameter correlating most closely with clinical outcome was the VFI. A normal postoperative VFI (相似文献   

深静脉瓣膜修复成形术治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全的随机对照临床研究

目的探讨深静脉瓣膜修复成形术在下肢慢性静脉功能不全治疗中的作用与疗效。方法30例双下肢慢性静脉功能不全的患者接受静脉系统手术治疗。每例2条肢体各采取不同手术方式并随机分组。1条患肢行股浅静脉外瓣膜复成形术加浅静脉手术(A组);另1条患肢仅行浅静脉手术(B组)。术后1个月和3年,利用彩超、流速剖面图彩超技术、空气体积描记仪(APG)和静脉功能不全评分等方法,比较各例2条肢体的疗效以及2组间疗效。结果全组30例患者60条肢体均为CEAP临床分级(Kistner分级)C2～C4级,经彩超和下肢静脉造影证实深静脉瓣膜功能不全返流均为Ⅲ度。术后1个月和3年随访比较,各例属于A组的患肢在静脉返流度、静脉返流量及各项指标均比属于B组患肢改善明显;A组的静脉返流量、静脉灌注指数均值与B组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。2组的静脉返流度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3年随访时2组的射血分数和剩余容量分数均值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);静脉功能不全评分均值比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论深静脉瓣膜修复成形术可使下肢深静脉返流量明显减少,瓣膜功能明显恢复,与下肢浅静脉手术联合治疗下肢慢性静脉功能不全有更好的疗效。     

Treatment of superficial and perforator venous incompetence without deep venous insufficiency: is routine perforator ligation necessary?

PURPOSE: We investigated whether routine ligation of incompetent perforator veins is necessary in treatment of symptomatic chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) due to combined superficial and perforator vein incompetence, without deep venous insufficiency. METHODS: This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data. Twenty-four limbs with both superficial and perforator venous incompetence but no deep venous insufficiency were identified at venous duplex scanning. Air plethysmography (APG) was performed preoperatively, to obtain venous volume (VV), venous filling index (VFI), ejection fraction (EF), and residual volume fraction (RVF) of the affected limb. Saphenous vein stripping from the groin to knee and powered transilluminated phlebectomy for varicosity ablation were performed in all patients. Postoperatively, all patients underwent duplex scanning and APG to determine the status of the perforator veins and hemodynamic improvement from surgery. RESULTS: Average patient age was 55.8 years; 62% of patients were women. CVI was class 3 in 4 limbs, class 4 in 12 limbs, and class 5 and class 6 in 4 limbs each. Postoperative duplex scans demonstrated that 71% of previously incompetent perforator vessels were now competent or absent. Significant improvement in all APG values was documented after superficial surgery. VFI improved from 6.0 +/- 2.9 preoperatively to 2.2 +/- 1.3 after surgery (P <.001); EF improved from 56.3 +/- 18 to 62 +/- 21 (P =.02); and RVF improved from 40.1 +/- 19 to 28.3 +/- 18 (P =.009). Mean preoperative symptom score (5.3 +/- 1.9) was significantly improved at mean follow-up of 18.3 months (1.4 +/- 1.2; P <.001). CONCLUSION: Patients with superficial and perforator vein incompetence and a normal deep venous system experienced significant improvement in APG-measured hemodynamic parameters and clinical symptom score after superficial ablative surgery alone. This suggests that ligation of the perforator veins can be reserved for patients with persistent incompetent perforator vessels, with abnormal hemodynamic parameters or continued symptoms after superficial ablative surgery.     

In situ hemodynamics of perforating veins in chronic venous insufficiency

PURPOSE: The prevalence of incompetent perforators increases linearly with the clinical severity of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and the presence of deep vein incompetence. Putative transmission of deep vein pressure to skin may cause dermal hypoxia and ulceration. Despite extensive prospective interest in the contribution of perforators toward CVI, their hemodynamic role remains controversial. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the in situ hemodynamic performance of incompetent perforating veins across the clinical spectrum of CVI, by means of duplex ultrasonography. METHODS: A total of 265 perforating veins of 90 legs that had clinical signs and symptoms consistent with CVI in 67 patients referred consecutively to the blood flow laboratory were studied. The clinical distribution of the examined limbs was CEAP(0), 10 limbs; CEAP(1-2), 39 limbs; CEAP(3-4), 21 limbs; and CEAP(5-6), 20 limbs. With the use of gated-Doppler ultrasonography on real-time B-mode imaging, the flow velocity waveforms were obtained from the lumen of perforators on release of manual distal leg compression in the sitting position and analyzed for peak and mean velocities, time to peak velocity, volume flow, venous volume displaced outward, and flow pulsatility. The diameter and duration of outward flow (abnormal reflux > 0.5 seconds) were also measured. RESULTS: Incompetent perforators had bigger diameters, higher peak and mean velocities and volume flow, longer time to peak velocity, and bigger venous volume displaced outward (VV(outward)) than competent perforators (all, P <.0001). The diameter of incompetent perforators did not change significantly with CEAP class (all, P >.1). Incompetent thigh and lower-third calf perforators had a significantly bigger diameter than perforators in the upper and middle calf combined (both, P <.05), in incompetent perforators: reflux duration was unaffected by CEAP class or site (P >.3); peak velocity was higher in those in CEAP(3-4) than those in CEAP(1-2) (P =.024); mean velocity in those in CEAP(3-6) during the first second of reflux was twice that of those in CEAP(1-2) (P <.0001); both higher volume flow and VV(outward) were found in the thigh perforators than those in the upper and middle calf thirds (P <.03); CEAP(3-6) volume flow and VV(outward), both in the first second, were twice that in those in CEAP(1-2) (P <.002); flow pulsatility in those in CEAP(5-6) was lower than in those in CEAP(1-2) (P =.014); in deep vein incompetence, higher peak velocity, volume flow, VV(outward), and diameter occurred than in its absence (P <.01). CEAP designation correlated significantly with mean velocity and flow pulsatility, both in the first second (r = 0.3, P <.01). The flow direction pattern in perforator incompetence was uniform across the CVI spectrum: inward on distal manual limb compression, and outward on its release; competent perforators had a smaller percentage of outward flow on limb compression (P <.01). CONCLUSION: In addition to an increase in diameter, perforator incompetence is characterized by significantly higher mean and peak flow velocities, volume flow, and venous volume displaced outward, and a lower flow pulsatility. Differences in early reflux enable a better hemodynamic stratification of incompetent perforators in CVI classes. In the presence of deep reflux, incompetent perforators sustain further hemodynamic impairment. In situ hemodynamics enable quantification of the function of perforators and can be used in the identification of the clinically relevant perforators and the impact of surgery.     

Endovenous saphenous ablation corrects the hemodynamic abnormality in patients with CEAP clinical class 3-6 CVI due to superficial reflux

This investigation was designed to determine whether minimally invasive radiofrequency or laser ablation of the saphenous vein corrects the hemodynamic impact and clinical symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) in CEAP clinical class 3-6 patients with superficial venous reflux. Patients with CEAP clinical class 3-6 CVI were evaluated with duplex ultrasound and air plethysmography (APG) to determine anatomic and hemodynamic venous abnormalities. Patients with an abnormal (>2 mL/second) venous filling index (VFI) and superficial venous reflux were included in this study. Saphenous ablation was performed utilizing radiofrequency (RF) or endovenous laser treatment (EVLT). Patients were reexamined within 3 months of ablation with duplex to determine anatomic success of the procedure, and with repeat APG to determine the degree of hemodynamic improvement. Venous clinical severity scores (VCSS) were determined before and after saphenous ablation. Eighty-nine limbs in 80 patients were treated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (n = 58), or EVLT (n = 31). The average age of patients was 55 years and 66% were women. There were no significant differences in preoperative characteristics between the groups treated with RFA or EVLT. Postoperatively, 86% of limbs demonstrated near total closure of the saphenous vein to within 5 cm of the saphenofemoral junction. Eight percent remained open for 5-10 cm from the junction, and 6% demonstrated minimal or no saphenous ablation. The VFI improved significantly after ablation in both the RF and EVLT groups. Postablation, 78% of the 89 limbs were normal, with a VFI <2 mL/second, and 17% were moderately abnormal, between 2 and 4 mL/second. VCSS scores (11.5 +/-4.5 preablation) decreased significantly after ablation to 4.4 +/-2.3. Minimally invasive saphenous ablation, using either RFA or EVLT, corrects or significantly improved the hemodynamic abnormality and clinical symptoms associated with superficial venous reflux in more than 90% of cases. These techniques are useful for treatment of patients with more severe clinical classes of superficial CVI.     

Haemodynamic and clinical impact of superficial, deep and perforator vein incompetence.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of venous incompetence of the deep, superficial and perforator veins combined (i.e. multi-system incompetence) on the venous haemodynamics and clinical condition of limbs with chronic venous disease (CVD). METHODS: One hundred and thirty two limbs (16-C(1); 30-C(2); 20-C(3); 25-C(4); 21-C(5); 20-C(6)) of 121 patients were studied. We excluded those with previous venous surgery/sclerotherapy, peripheral arterial disease, recent deep vein thrombosis (< or =6 months), or inability to comply with the tests. The CEAP clinical class was assessed. Duplex ultrasonography (ultrasound) enabled classification according to: the presence of superficial([S]) (+/- perforator([P])) or deep([D]) (+/-S, +/-P) reflux (>.5s); the number of incompetent venous systems (single-system([S/P/D]), dual-system([S+P/S+D/P+D]), or triple-system([S+P+D])), and the number of incompetent perforators([0/1/2/> or =3]). The amount of reflux (Venous Filling Index([VFI])); calf pump Ejection Fraction([EF]), and Residual Volume Fraction([RVF]) were studied with air-plethysmography. RESULTS: VFI in limbs with triple-system incompetence (VFI median 6.68 [IQR: 4.7-9.7]ml/s) was higher than in limbs with dual-system incompetence (4.5 [2.1-7.4]ml/s), and VFI in the latter was higher than in limbs with single-system incompetence (1.3 [0.69-2.3]ml/s)(p<0.01 Kruskal-Wallis). Although EF changes were small, RVF in limbs with triple-incompetence (39 [30-51] %) was higher than in single-system incompetence (26 [16-33] %)(p<0.01 Mann-Whitney). Limbs with superficial (+/-P) incompetence had a lower VFI (p<0.01) and RVF (p<0.02) than limbs with deep (+/-S+/-P) incompetence, and limbs with > or =2 incompetent perforator veins had a higher VFI (p<0.04) than those without perforators. All limbs with single-system incompetence were C(1-3,) whereas 78% of those with triple-incompetence were C(4-6) (p<0.01). The number of incompetent systems increased with clinical class (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of incompetence of more than one venous system increased with the clinical severity of venous disease and was accompanied by a 5-fold increase in the amount of reflux and a 50% rise in the RVF. The number of incompetent perforators per limb increased with the amount of reflux. The number of incompetent venous systems (superficial, deep, perforator) and perforator veins can be assessed by duplex ultrasound giving an objective indication of the functional severity of venous disease. In this way duplex ultrasound could be used to grade venous function in clinical practice as an alternative to APG measures which are less widely available.     

腔镜在下肢筋膜外及筋膜下穿支静脉离断术中的应用

目的:比较腔镜筋膜外穿支静脉离断术(ELPS)与腔镜筋膜下穿支静脉离断术(SEPS)的临床疗效及术后并发症。方法:将2017年1月至2019年7月收治的40例C4~C6级下肢静脉曲张患者随机分为SEPS组与ELPS组,每组20例。采用彩色多普勒超声对两组患者穿支静脉进行标记并计数,并与术中离断的穿支静脉进行对比。分别于术前、术后6个月应用静脉临床严重程度评分表对比分析两组评分。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后麻木、皮肤损伤、肌肉损伤、皮下气肿、深静脉血栓、溃疡愈合时间、溃疡复发率等指标。结果:与术前标记相比,ELPS组术中发现更多的穿支静脉(P<0.05);ELPS组手术时间短于SEPS组(P<0.05);两组术后溃疡愈合时间、临床严重程度评分差异无统计学意义;SEPS组术中出血3例,神经损伤2例,肌肉损伤2例;ELPS组神经损伤1例,皮肤损伤1例,皮下气肿2例,小腿深静脉血栓形成1例。结论:ELPS手术时间短,容易掌握,可发现更多的穿支静脉,但不影响患者术后临床评分及溃疡的愈合。     

Hemodynamic and clinical improvement after superficial vein ablation in primary combined venous insufficiency with ulceration

Purpose: This study was undertaken to determine the degree of clinical and hemodynamic improvement after surgical ablation of incompetent superficial and perforator veins in limbs with combined deep and superficial venous incompetence manifested by chronic dermal ulceration.Methods: Eleven limbs in 10 patients with class 5 or 6 venous insufficiency (ulceration) were assessed by CEAP (clinical, etiologic, anatomic, pathophysiologic) clinical scores, air plethysmography, color duplex ultrasonography, and phlebography (both ascending and descending). Surgical ablation of superficial and perforating veins was performed, followed by repeat clinical, air plethysmographic, and color duplex ultrasonographic examinations.Results: All 11 limbs had combined deep and superficial vein reflux on the preoperative color duplex ultrasound scan. Clinical symptom scores decreased from 10 to 1.4 after operation. Postoperative air plethysmography demonstrated significant reduction in reflux as measured by the mean venous filling index, which decreased from 12 ± 5 ml/sec to 2.7 ± 1 ml/sec after surgery. Calf pump function was also significantly improved, with a mean ejection fraction that increased from 43% ± 11 to 59% ± 13 and mean residual volume fraction that decreased from 56% ± 15 to 33% ± 16. Each of these measures was significantly different from the preoperative value (p < 0.05). Similar improvement characterized subgroups of limbs with three or more incompetent deep segments (n = 6) or popliteal segment incompetence (n = 6).Conclusions: Superficial and perforating vein incompetence accounts for a substantial and correctable component of venous insufficiency in limbs with combined deep and superficial vein reflux and venous ulceration. These data indicate that surgical correction of this component significantly improves clinical symptoms and venous hemodynamics. Superficial and perforator ablation is an appropriate initial step in the management of combined deep and superficial venous incompetence. (J Vasc Surg 1996;24:711-8.)     

The relationship between the number, competence, and diameter of medial calf perforating veins and the clinical status in healthy subjects and patients with lower-limb venous disease

PURPOSE: The role of medial calf perforating veins in the pathogenesis of the skin changes of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) remains controversial. This study examined the relationship between abnormal medial calf perforating vein structure and function and the clinical severity of CVI. METHODS: Duplex ultrasound was used as a means of determining the number, flow characteristics, and diameter of medial calf perforating veins, and the presence of deep and superficial main stem reflux or occlusion in 50 limbs with no clinical or duplex evidence of venous disease (clinical, etiological, anatomical, and pathological grade [CEAP] 0), 95 limbs with varicose veins only (CEAP 2/3), 58 limbs affected by lipodermatosclerosis but not ulcer (CEAP 4), and 108 limbs affected by healed or open venous ulcer (CEAP 5/6). RESULTS: The proportion of limbs in which any perforating veins and incompetent perforating veins (IPVs) were demonstrated increased significantly with deteriorating clinical status (CEAP 0, 88% and 6%; CEAP 2/3, 95% and 52%; CEAP 4, 98% and 83%; and CEAP 5/6, 98% and 90%, respectively). The total number of perforators, the total number of IPVs, and the median diameters of perforators increased with deteriorating grade (CEAP 0 median diameter, 2 mm [interquartile range, 1 to 3 mm]; CEAP 2/3 median diameter, 3 mm [interquartile range, 2 to 4 mm]; CEAP 4 median diameter, 4 mm [interquartile range, 3 to 5 mm]; and CEAP 5/6 median diameter, 4 mm [interquartile range, 3 to 5 mm]). CONCLUSION: The deteriorating CEAP grade of CVI is associated with an increase in the number and diameter of medial calf perforating veins, particularly those permitting bidirectional flow.