高效液相色谱法同时测定滴鼻剂中盐酸麻黄素和氢化可的松的含量

目的 :用HPLC法同时测定滴鼻剂中盐酸麻黄素氢化可的松的含量。方法 :采用C18色谱柱 ,流动相为甲醇 0 .0 5mol·L-1KH2 PO4 三乙胺 (5 0∶5 0∶0 .2 ) ,用磷酸调 pH3.7,检测波长 2 5 7nm。结果 :盐酸麻黄素在 36 0～ 6 0 0 μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .9999) ,回收率 10 1.3% ,RSD为 1.0 %。氢化可的松在 36～ 6 0 μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .9998) ,回收率 10 1.5 % ,RSD为 1.0 %。结论 :该方法可同时测定滴鼻剂中盐酸麻黄素氢化可的松含量。     

RP-HPLC法测定复方甲硝唑片中甲硝唑和维生素B_6的含量

目的 :建立RP HPLC法测定复方甲硝唑片中甲硝唑和维生素B6的含量。方法 :采用Shim packCLC ODS柱 (4 .6mm× 2 0 0mm ,5 μm) ,甲醇 水 (30∶70 )为流动相 ,2 90nm为检测波长 ,外标法测定含量。 结果 :甲硝唑和维生素B6的线性范围分别为 5 0～ 5 0 0 μg·ml-1(r=0 .9996 ) ,5～ 5 0 μg·ml-1(r =0 .9998) ,平均回收率分别为 10 0 .2 % (RSD =0 .93% ) ,99.5 %(RSD =0 .4 2 % ) ,n =6。结论 :RP HPLC法测定复方甲硝唑片中甲硝唑和维生素B6的含量 ,方法准确 ,操作简便 ,结果可靠。     

HPLC法同时测定复方诺氟沙星滴鼻液中的诺氟沙星和盐酸麻黄碱

目的　建立一种快速、准确的高效液相色谱法同时测定诺氟沙星 ( NOR)和盐酸麻黄碱 ( EPH)的含量。 方法　使用 C1 8色谱柱 ,流动相为乙腈— 0 .1%磷酸 ( 15 :85 V/V) ,检测波长为 2 5 6nm。结果 　样品测定在 9min内完成。诺氟沙星在 10～ 60μg· ml- 1 浓度范围内 ,r=0 .9999,RSD= 0 .46% ,平均回收率为 99.91% ;盐酸麻黄碱在 2 5～ 12 5 μg· ml- 1浓度范围内 ,r=0 .9992 ,RSD=0 .5 1% ,平均回收率为 10 0 .0 3%。 结论 　方法可快速准确地检测复方诺氟沙星滴鼻液中的诺氟沙星和盐酸麻黄碱含量     

双波长比值光谱法测定溴咖合剂中咖啡因和苯甲酸的含量

目的　用双波长比值法测定溴咖合剂中咖啡因和苯甲酸含量。方法　以 0 1mol·L-1盐酸为溶剂 ,选择比值光谱上两个特征波长 2 6 6 3nm和 2 36 2nm处 ,对两组份进行测定。结果　咖啡因在 3～ 16 μg·ml-1,苯甲酸在4～ 2 2 μg·ml-1浓度范围内 ,线性关系良好 ,r分别为 0 9998、0 9999,平均回收率及RSD分别为 10 0 3%、0 4 % ;99 4 %、0 5 %。结论　所用方法简便、快速、准确     

高效液相色谱法梯度洗脱测定三七中三七皂苷R1含量

目的 :以HPLC梯度洗脱测定三七中三七皂苷R1含量。方法 :采用SphericorbNH2 柱 ,流动相为CH3CN CH3OH H2 O ,梯度洗脱浓度 5 5∶30∶15→ 70∶2 0∶10 ,波长 2 10nm ,外标一点法测定。结果 :以峰面积计算 ,三七皂苷R1在 5～ 40 μg·ml-1呈线性相关 ,γ =0 .994,最低检测限为 0 .6 μg·ml-1(S/N =3)。平均回收率 10 2 .6 % ,RSD为 1.43 % .日内误差RSD =1.7% (n =5 ) ,日间误差RSD =3 .0 % (n =4)。结论 :本法专属性强 ,结果准确 ,操作简捷     

双波长分光光度法测定牙周康的含量

目的　测定牙周康中甲硝唑和芬布芬的含量。方法　采用双波长分光光度法,甲硝唑以 314nm为测定波长,2 5 1nm为参比波长;芬布芬以 2 83nm为测定波长,340nm为参比波长,在上述波长下,分别测定吸收度值。结果　甲硝唑在 4 1～9 6 μg·ml-1,芬布芬在 3 1～ 7 2 μg·ml-1范围内,浓度与吸收度差值呈良好线性关系,甲硝唑平均回收率为 99 9%(RSD =0 33% ),芬布芬平均回收率为 10 0 0 %( RSD =0 2 7% )。结论　该法简便、快速、准确。     

HPLC法同时测定尿多酸肽注射液中4-羟基苯乙酸及5-羟基吲哚乙酸的含量

目的　以HPLC法同时测定尿多酸肽注射液中4 - 羟基苯乙酸及5 - 羟基吲哚乙酸的含量。方法　采用MightysilRP C1 8(2 5 0mm×4 . 6mm ,5 μm)色谱柱,以1 %的甲酸溶液为流动相A ,乙腈为流动相B ,梯度洗脱,柱温30℃,流量1ml·min-1 ,检测波长2 82nm。结果　4 羟基苯乙酸在1 .0～1 4 0 . 0 μg·ml-1 范围内,色谱峰面积与对照品浓度呈现良好的线性关系,r=1 . 0 0 0 ;平均回收率为1 0 0 . 7%(RSD为0 . 6 %,n =9)。5 羟基吲哚乙酸在0 .1～2 0 . 0 μg·ml-1 范围内,色谱峰面积与对照品浓度呈现良好的线性关系,r=1 . 0 0 0 ;平均回收率为99 .7%(RSD为0 .6 %,n =9)。结论　该方法灵敏度高,准确,选择性、重复性好。     

HPLC测定盐酸贝那普利片的含量

目的　测定盐酸贝那普利片中贝那普利的含量。方法　采用HPLC ,ZorbaxXDB -C18色谱柱 (5 μm ,4 .6mm× 15 0mm) ,柱温 2 5℃ ,流动相为 0 .0 75 %HAc -甲醇 (35∶6 5 ) ,流速 1.0ml·min-1;DAD检测波长 2 39nm。结果　贝那普利浓度在 0 .8～ 4 8g·ml-1范围内线性关系良好 ,最低检测浓度为 0 .4 μg·ml-1,日内RSD≤ 1.5 1% ,日间RSD≤ 1.6 9% (n =5 ) ,回收率 98.9%～99 .9% (n =5 )。结论　所用方法简便快速 ,准确可靠 ,可用于盐酸贝那普利片的含量测定。     

毛细管区带电泳法快速测定人血清中氯氮平含量

目的 :建立用毛细管区带电泳快速测定血清中氯氮平含量的方法。方法 :采用 33.5mmol·L-1磷酸盐缓冲液 (pH6 .47) ,用紫外检测器在 2 5 4nm波长处检测 ,以外标法定量。结果 :线性范围 0 .1～ 10 μg·ml-1,最低检测限 0 .1μg·ml-1。平均回收率 ( 97.47± 2 .8) %。日内与日间RSD分别为 2 .6 3%和 3.81%。结论 :毛细血管带电泳法是快速测定人血清中氯氮平含量的较好方法。     

紫外分光光度法测定头孢地尼胶囊的含量

目的 　测定头孢地尼胶囊的含量。方法 :采用紫外分光光度法。结果　 与 HPL C方法一致 ,在 2 μg· ml- 1～ 16μg·ml- 1浓度范围内线性关系良好 ,回收率为 99.9%,RSD为 0 .6%。 结论　 此法回收率与精密度较高 ,操作简便 ,结果准确。     

习惯性流产孕妇外周血NLR、LMR、PLR检测结果分析

目的 分析习惯性流产孕妇外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、淋巴细胞-单核细胞比值(LMR)、血小板-淋巴细胞比值(PLR)检测结果.方法 选取82例习惯性流产孕妇作为观察组,另选取52例进行孕检的健康孕妇作为对照组.两组孕妇均进行NLR、LMR和PLR检测.比较两组孕妇NLR、LMR、PLR,不同孕周(9～10...     

Single-point plasma or urine dextromethorphan method for determining CYP3A activity

Dextromethorphan is used widely in vivo to phenotype the polymorphically expressed cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6. Also dextromethorphan is N-demethylated in vivo to 3-methoxymorphinan by human CYP3A4/5. The metabolic ratio (MR) of dextromethorphan/3-methoxymorphinan in plasma, saliva and urinary were examined as a possible in vivo probe of CYP3A activity. In limited previous studies, 4 h urinary samples were collected for determining the MR. To evaluate the repeatability and validity of previously reported and other potential phenotyping methods, the MR from urine samples (at various intervals), from plasma and from saliva (at varying time points) were determined after repetitive single doses of immediate-release or repetitive multiple doses of controlled-release dextromethorphan preparations. For the single-dose study, each of 12 subjects received 15 mg of immediate-release dextromethorphan in periods II and I, respectively, with a 1 week washout period. For the multiple dose study, each of 16 subjects received 60 mg controlled release dextromethorphan twice daily for 5 days in periods I and II, respectively, with a 2 week washout period. Dextromethorphan and 3-methoxymorphinan are assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. In the single-dose study, all of the urine MR revealed good repeatabilities for the periods (paired t-test). The urine MR at any time interval of 0-6 h, 0-8 h and 0-12 h correlated significantly with the MR from 0-24 h urine (r>0.8, p<0.05). In the multiple-dose study, all MR revealed good repeatabilities for the two periods (paired t-test). The plasma MR at any time between 0.5 h and 12 h, the saliva MR at 12 h and the urine MR at any interval between 0-2 h, 0-4 h, 0-6 h, 0-8 h, 0-12 h and 0-24 h could predict the MR from AUCtau(ss). In conclusion, the urine sample as 0-6 h, 0-8 h or 0-12 h in the single immediate-release dose (15 mg) or in the multiple controlled-release dose (60 mg) procedure, the saliva sample at 12 h, the urine sample at 0-2 h, 0-4 h, 0-6 h, 0-8 h, 0-12 h, 0-24 h or all plasma-sampling points 0.5-12 h could be used as the dextromethorphan MR for determining the CYP3A activity.     

Effect of HD-23, a potent long acting cocaine-analog,on cocaine self-administration in rats

Rationale. "Agonist" therapy for drug addiction proposes that a long acting analog, with similar properties to the abused substance might serve as a useful therapeutic agent. HD-23 is a very long acting tropane analog that displays a neurochemical profile similar to cocaine. Objective. To determine, using self-administration procedures and three different schedules of reinforcement, the effect of HD-23 on rate of cocaine intake (fixed ratio), the effect of HD-23 on the motivation to respond (progressive ratio) and the time course of HD-23 pretreatment (discrete trials). Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with chronically indwelling intravenous cannulae and trained to self-administer cocaine (1.5 mg/kg per infusion) on a fixed ratio schedule. After a stable baseline was established, separate groups of rats (n=6–8) were given access to various doses of cocaine (0.37, 0.75, 1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg per injection) on a fixed ratio schedule during daily 3-h sessions, or to various doses of cocaine (0.18, 0.37, 0.75, 1.5 mg/kg per injection) on a progressive ratio schedule during daily 5-h sessions. A separate group of rats (n=10) was tested using a discrete trials procedure; animals were given the opportunity to self-administer cocaine (1.5 mg/kg per injection) during 10-min trials which were initiated every 20 min throughout the day/night cycle. Results. On the FR schedule, pretreatment with HD-23 (1.0 mg/kg) decreased the rate of cocaine intake. HD-23 shifted the dose-response curve on the PR schedule to the left. On the discrete trials schedule, animals displayed a circadian pattern of drug intake; pretreatment with HD-23 significantly increased cocaine intake for about 8 h during the light phase when the probability of responding would otherwise have been very low. Animals pretreated with HD-23 displayed a high probability of cocaine self-administration for about 14 h. Conclusions. The results are consistent with the idea that an acute pretreatment with the long-acting agonist, HD-23, augmented rather than diminished the motivation to self-administer cocaine. Electronic Publication     

外周血中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值、血小板-淋巴细胞比值在妇科肿瘤中的研究进展

近年来炎症在肿瘤发生发展中的作用研究已日益成为热点,并且取得了很多成果。中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板-淋巴细胞比值(PLR)是研究较多的两种生物学指标,在多种肿瘤研究中发现NLR、PLR与肿瘤临床病理特征存在关系,并可评估病人预后。该文现就NLR、PLR在肿瘤中的作用以及在妇科恶性肿瘤中的最新进展进行综述。     

双波长比值光谱法测定复方磺胺甲噁唑片含量

目的：建立一种新的同时测定多组分制剂含量的分光光度法。方法：以被测组分的比值光谱为依据,在适当波长范围内,用被测混合组分中的一个组分的标准溶液的吸收光谱除相应波长范围内混合组分的吸收光谱,得到比值光谱。从比值光谱上选择两个特征吸收波长,对被测组分进行定量。结果：将本法用于复方磺胶甲唑片剂的含量测定,结果与药典方法比较没有差异（P＞0.05）。结论：本法具有操作简便,灵敏度和准确度高,重现性好等优点。     

The stratified win ratio

The win ratio was first proposed in 2012 by Pocock and his colleagues to analyze a composite endpoint while considering the clinical importance order and the relative timing of its components. It has attracted considerable attention since then, in applications as well as methodology. It is not uncommon that some clinical trials require a stratified analysis. In this article, we propose a stratified win ratio statistic in a similar way as the Mantel-Haenszel stratified odds ratio, derive a general form of its variance estimator with a plug-in of existing or potentially new variance/covariance estimators of the number of wins for the two treatment groups, and assess its statistical performance using simulation studies. Our simulations show that our proposed Mantel-Haenszel-type stratified win ratio performs similarly to the Mantel-Haenszel stratified odds ratio for the simplified situation when the win ratio reduces to the odds ratio, and our proposed stratified win ratio is preferred compared to the inverse-variance weighted win ratio and unweighted win ratio particularly when the data are sparse. We also formulate a homogeneity test following Cochran’s approach that assesses whether the stratum-specific win ratios are homogeneous across strata, as this method is used frequently in meta-analyses and a better test for the win ratio homogeneity is not available yet.     

The reporting odds ratio and its advantages over the proportional reporting ratio

PURPOSE: The proportional reporting ratio (PRR) is the proportion of spontaneous reports for a given drug that are linked to a specific adverse outcome, divided by the corresponding proportion for all or several other drugs. The PRR is similar to the proportional mortality ratio (PMR), an old epidemiologic measure calculated from death registries and constructed in similar fashion to the PRR. The PMR has important deficiencies, however, which the PRR shares. Miettinen and Wang demonstrated that the PMR could be improved by reformulating it as an odds ratio and applying the principles of a case-control study to the measure. In this paper, we review the problem with the PRR and show how the corresponding odds ratio represents an improvement over the PRR. METHODS: The method used is discussion and illustration by way of a hypothetical example. RESULTS: The PRR does not estimate relative risk. If, however, a spontaneous report database is viewed as source data for a case-control study, the reporting odds ratio (ROR) can be used to estimate relative risk. Treating the data as source data for a case-control study allows for further reduction of bias by the judicious choice of controls. CONCLUSIONS: Calculating the ROR in spontaneous report databases offers advantages over the PRR. It allows for estimation of the relative risk, and focuses attention on which people or reports should be included or excluded from the control series, permitting more deliberate elimination of biases. It also highlights the inherent weaknesses in spontaneous report data, which become more evident in light of the usual principles of control selection in case-control studies.     

Comment on ‘‘how does omalizumab affect the immunoinflammatory response in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria?’’: reply from author

Abstract

We read Cosansu's commentary entitled ‘’Hematological parameters in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria’’ to our study with a great interest. The author noted that monocytes increased in inflammatory diseases such as urticaria but decreased after treatment. She argued that NMR was not used as an inflammatory marker in previous studies, so that NMR should not be used to evaluate the response to omalizumab treatment in urticaria and decreased by chance. We thank the author for her interest in our article.     

血常规指标及比值变化在新型冠状病毒肺炎和流感患者鉴别诊断中的价值研究

目的　探究血常规指标及其比值变化在新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）和流感患者的诊断及鉴别诊断中的临床应用价值。方法　选取2020年1月至2022年1月,在四川绵阳地区确诊的25例COVID-19患者、207例甲型流感病毒感染者（甲流）和240例乙型流感病毒感染者（乙流）血常规数据,其中男237例、女235例,年龄14～77岁,回顾性分析3组的中性粒细胞计数（NC）、淋巴细胞计数（LC）、白细胞计数（WBC）和单核细胞计数（MC）,并计算淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值（LMR）、血小板/淋巴细胞比值（PLR）和中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值（NLR）,探讨上述参数对COVID-19和流感的诊断价值。采用方差分析、LSD检验、Tamhane检验。结果　COVID-19组NC、MC、WBC和NLR指标分别为（3.52±1.33）×10⁹/L、（0.46±0.16）×10⁹/L、（5.50±1.46）×10⁹/L、（3.05±2.04）,均明显低于甲流组的（5.52±2.32）×10⁹/L、（0.62±0.25）×10⁹/L、（7.47±2.55）×10⁹/L、（5.51±3.82）,LMR指标为（3.37±1.72）,略高于甲流组的（2.24±1.34）,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;COVID-19组MC和NLR明显低于乙流组,LMR略高于乙流组（均P<0.05）;甲流组NC、PLT、WBC和NLR明显高于乙流组,差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。绘制受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析显示,NLR对甲型、乙型流感的诊断特异度和灵敏度均最高,其诊断甲型流感的特异度为88.2%、灵敏度为81.2%,诊断乙型流感的特异度为91.2%、灵敏度为65.0%。结论　血常规指标及比值变化能较好辅助诊断、鉴别诊断COVID-19和流感患者,其中NLR对流感诊断特异度和灵敏度最高,LC、NLR、LMR和PLR对COVID-19的诊断有重要临床意义,MC、NLR、LMR是鉴别诊断COVID-19和流感的重要指标。     

The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR,d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients

AimTo accumulate evidence that indicated the key role played by virus-triggered inflammation in the 2019-novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) which emerged in Wuhan City and rapidly spread throughout China.MethodsAge, neutrophil(NEU)-to-lymphocyte (LYM) ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte (MON) ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) of 93 patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 were investigated and compared. The receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to determine the thresholds for five bio-markers, and their prognostic values were assessed via the Kaplan–Meier curve and multivariate COX regression models.ResultsThe median age was 46.4 years old, and 37cases were females. A total of 27.8% of patients had been to Wuhan, and 73.1% had contacted with people from Wuhan. Fever (83.8%) and cough (70.9%) were the two most common symptoms. Elevated NLR and age were significantly associated with illness severity. The binary logistic analysis identified elevated NLR (hazard risk [HR] 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.98–4.57) and age (HR 2.52, 95% CI 1.65–4.83) as independent factors for poor clinical outcome of COVID-19. NLR exhibited the largest area under the curve at 0.841, with the highest specificity (63.6%) and sensitivity (88%).ConclusionsElevated age and NLR can be considered independent biomarkers for indicating poor clinical outcomes.