非小细胞肺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞中CD44表达的临床研究

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞中CD44表达与其临床病理特征的关系。方法 应用流式细胞术对50例肺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞中CD44表达进行荧光免疫检测,通过自身对照分析治疗前后的变化,并与正常对照组（n=20）及肺部良性病变组（n=25）进行对比研究。结果 CD44在3组中均有不同程度的表达。50例肺癌患者外周血淋巴细胞中CD44表达明显高于正常对照组及良性病变组（P＜0.01）。良性病变组和正常对照组CD44的表达无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。手术前外周血淋巴细胞中CD44表达显著高于手术后（P＜0.01）;肺癌淋巴结转移者CD44表达高于不伴淋巴结转移者（P＜0.01）;Ⅲ、Ⅳ期和Ⅰ-Ⅱ期之间CD44的表达有非常显著性差异（P＜0.01）;肺癌组织学分级与CD44表达有明显相关性（P＜0.05或0.01）;肺癌患者外周血中CD44的表达与组织学类型无相关性。结论 应用流式细胞仪检测CD44的表达水平可作为判断肺癌负荷状况、转移及预后的指标。     

大肠癌患者外周血微转移与化疗及预后的关系

[目的]研究大肠癌患者外周血微转移与化疗及预后的关系.[方法]选取大肠癌患者121例,应用RT-PCR技术,以CK20 mRNA为标志物,检测术前、术后第2天、首次化疗后血液微转移情况及与生存期的关系.[结果]术前血液CK20 mRNA微转移阳性率为53.7%,其中Dukes＇A、B、C、D期的阳性率分别为20%、25%、78.5%、75%,4组之间有显著性差异（χ^2=12.03,P＜0.05）.术后第2天血液CK20 mRNA微转移阳性率为59.5%,手术前后阳性率无显著性差异（χ^2=0.82,P＞0.05）.化疗前后血液CK20 mRNA阳性率差异非常显著（χ^2=25.59,P＜0.05）.Cox模型分析提示CK20 mRNA阳性表达者及化疗无效者预后不佳（P＜0.05）.[结论]化疗能降低大肠癌患者血液微转移的发生率;血液微转移提示患者预后不良.     

EGFR在女性非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义

背景与目的：近年来女性肺癌发病率的明显增加引起人们的关注.本研究主要是以女性非小细胞肺癌为研究对象,探讨表皮生长因子受体（epidermal growth fator receptor,EGFR）在女性非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）中的表达及其与女性NSCLC发生、发展及预后的关系,指导女性非小细胞肺癌的靶向治疗.方法：回顾性分析62例女性非小细胞肺癌手术病例临床病理资料及随访资料,用免疫组化的方法检测EGFR在女性非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达,对比分析10例非恶性肺组织中EGFR的表达,用Cox模型进行生存分析.结果：EGFR在62例女性NSCLC中的表达率70.97%,在非恶性肺组织中均呈阴性表达,两者比较差异有显著性（P＜0.05）;EGFR在女性腺癌的表达高于鳞癌（P＜0.05）,尤其在细支气管肺泡癌中的表达更高（P＜0.05）;EGFR表达与女性NSCLC的TNM分期及淋巴结转移呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）;EGFR高表达的女性患者生存期短、预后差（P＜0.05）;Cox比例风险模型分析表明,患者术后生存时间与病理类型、淋巴结是否转移显著相关（P＜0.05）,腺癌、有淋巴结转移是患者独立的不良预后因素.结论：女性NSCLC中EGFR的表达与患者病理类型、TNM分期及淋巴结转移有密切的关系,EGFR在女性NSCLC中高表达,可作为判断女性NSCLC病情进展及预后的重要指标,还对NSCLC女性患者的靶向治疗的选择有一定的指导意义.     

治疗前HALP评分对Ⅳ期无驱动基因NSCLC患者的预后意义

目的:探究Ⅳ期无驱动基因非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者治疗前血红蛋白、白蛋白水平、淋巴细胞和血小板计数（HALP）联合检测的预后意义。方法:回顾性分析我院167例2017年3月-2019年12月符合入组标准的NSCLC患者临床病理资料。利用X-Tiles软件计算出HALP评分的最佳临界值,将患者分为低HALP组与高HALP组;应用Kaplan-Meier方法进行生存分析,单因素和Cox多因素分析确定与无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)相关的因素。结果:通过X-Tiles软件确定HALP评分的最佳临界值为27.7,低HALP组（＜27.7）70例,高HALP组（≥27.7）97例,HALP值与患者的BMI,KPS评分,T分期,远处转移,化疗疗程数,贫血与否,白蛋白值的组间差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,而在性别,年龄,吸烟与否,病理类型,N分期的组间无显著差异（P＞0.05）。患者治疗后治疗获益(disease control rate,DCR)组和疾病进展(progressive disease,PD)组的HALP评分具有明显差异（P＜0.05）,低HALP组与高HALP组的中位PFS时间差异有统计学意义（5个月vs 7个月,P=0.003）。单因素分析显示KPS评分、BMI、T分期、N分期、远处转移、化疗疗程数、治疗前HALP评分、白蛋白值、贫血与否是患者预后的影响因素（P＜0.05）。多因素分析可见KPS评分、T分期、远处转移、化疗疗程数、治疗前HALP评分、白蛋白值、贫血与否是独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论:在接受化疗联合恩度的Ⅳ期驱动基因阴性的非小细胞肺癌患者中,HALP评分对疗效及预后有一定的预测作用,低水平的HALP值可能提示非小细胞肺癌预后差。     

Linc00052基因在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探究非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织及其细胞系内基因长链非编码RNA00052(long intergenic non-coding RNA 00052,Linc00052)的表达水平,以及Linc00052在肺癌中的临床意义、作用机制及与患者预后的相关性。方法:利用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测正常肺细胞系与肺癌细胞系之间Linc00052表达水平的差异,肺癌组织与癌旁组织之间Linc00052表达水平的差异,并分析Linc00052与肺癌临床病理特征的相关性,Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析Linc00052与肺癌预后之间的相关性。在A549细胞系中过表达Linc00052,采用MTT实验检测过表达Linc00052前后细胞增殖变化,并采用qRT-PCR检测miR-330-3p表达变化。结果:肺癌细胞系较正常肺细胞系中Linc00052明显低表达,同时肺癌组织比癌旁组织中Linc00052明显低表达(P＜0.01);Linc00052的表达与肿瘤的分化程度（P=0.02）、淋巴结转移（P=0.002）、远处转移（P=0.005）和临床分期（P=0.001）有关。肺癌的Linc00052表达水平减低与肺癌患者的预后不良有关（P＜0.05）。过表达Linc00052后可显著抑制细胞增殖（P＜0.05）,qRT-PCR结果证实,过表达Linc00052可显著下调miR-330-3p mRNA的表达水平（P＜0.05）。结论:Linc00052在肺癌组织中表达下调,并与肺癌的发生发展及预后密切相关,Linc00052有可能通过负调控miR-330-3p在肺癌中发挥抑癌作用。     

术前血小板及血浆纤维蛋白原对早期非小细胞肺癌的预后价值

  目的  评估血小板及纤维蛋白原对于根治术后非小细胞肺癌的预后价值,并建立预后模型以早期发现术后预后较差的患者。  方法  选取2004年3月至2009年1月在天津医科大学肿瘤医院行根治性手术且术后病理确诊的非小细胞肺癌患者405例,血小板及纤维蛋白原水平均为术前测定,并对相关临床病理指标及生存期进行分析。  结果  血小板和纤维蛋白原水平升高的发生率分别为16.5%和36.3%。血小板和/或纤维蛋白原升高的患者生存期较短。多因素分析提示病理分期（P＜0.05）、复发或转移（P＜0.05）及血小板水平（P＜0.05）为非小细胞肺癌的独立预后因素。低危组、中危组及高危组患者的中位生存期分别为67、24和20个月,有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。  结论  术前血小板及血浆纤维蛋白原与非小细胞肺癌患者的预后有密切关系,风险模型的建立或可较早发现高危患者并尽早给予个体化治疗从而改善预后。      

84例肺癌脑转移患者生存分析

[目的]探讨影响肺癌脑转移预后的相关因素,为肺癌临床治疗提供参考依据。[方法]回顾性分析本院2006～2007年84例肺癌脑转移患者的临床资料,放疗采用6MV-X全脑姑息放疗,剂量30Gy/2周。生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法并进行Log-Rank检验,通过比例风险模型（Cox模型）进行多因素分析。[结果]单因素分析显示患者的行为状态（PS评分）、病理类型、脑转移时间和近期疗效等对生存期有影响（P〈0.05）,同步脑转移组和后发脑转移组的1年生存率分别为75.6%、39.5%。多因素分析显示脑转移时间和近期疗效与预后有关（P〈0.05）。[结论]PS评分、脑转移时间和近期疗效是肺癌脑转移独立的预后因素。后发脑转移及近期疗效呈CR、PR者是肺癌脑转移良好的预后因素,这些患者的生存期较长,是潜在的治疗获益人群。     

肺癌患者血清白细胞介素6，8，18的测定及其临床意义

 目的 探讨血清白细胞介素6，8，18（IL-6，IL-8，IL-18）与肺癌的发生、发展、转移、疗效及预后的关系。方法 采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA法）检测56例肺癌患者、18例肺结核患者治疗前后及40例健康人的血清IL-6，IL-8，IL-18含量，并进行比较分析。结果 肺癌患者血清IL-6，IL-8，IL-18水平明显高于正常人和肺结核患者（P＜0.01），且与临床分期及治疗效果有关（P＜0.05或＜0.01），与病理类型无关（P＞0.05）。结论 血清IL-6，IL-8，IL-18水平在一定程度上可反映肺癌发生、发展、转移情况及治疗效果，联合检测IL-6，IL-8，IL-18，对肺癌的诊断、治疗及预后评价有重要意义。     

CIK细胞治疗鼻咽癌的临床研究

[目的]观察鼻咽癌患者回输自体CIK细胞后免疫功能变化，探讨CIK细胞对鼻咽癌的治疗作用。[方法]收集鼻咽癌患者84例，分别抽取放化疗前后、CIK治疗后外周血作免疫指标检测。[结果]放化疗后，CD3^＋、CD4^＋细胞百分率下降，CD8^＋细胞百分率上升; CD4^＋/CD8^＋比值下调，Th1/Th2倒置，与放化疗前比较差异有显著性（P＜0.05）；CIK治疗后上述指标较治疗前有改善（P＜0.05），但绝对值未恢复到健康者水平。与放化疗前相比，放化疗后及CIK治疗后B细胞值变化无显著性差异（P＞0.05），NK细胞百分率变化有显著性差异（P＜0.05）。[结论]放化疗对鼻咽癌患者免疫功能有抑制作用。CIK治疗安全可靠，可以改善患者近期免疫功能。     

非小细胞肺癌组织中RECK蛋白的表达及与预后的关系

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌组织中RECK的表达及其与预后的关系。方法采用免疫组化SP法检测RECK在48例肺癌组织和癌旁正常组织中的表达情况,通过Kaplan-Meier生存曲线法比较阳性组和阴性组患者的预后情况。结果肺癌组织中RECK表达阳性率为29.2%（14/48）,在癌旁正常肺组织中阳性表达率为85.7%（42/48）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。RECK的表达与淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关,而与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、组织学分化程度无关。与无淋巴结转移和Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的肺癌组织相比,在有淋巴结转移和Ⅲ期的肺癌组织中,RECK的阳性表达显著性降低（P〈0.05）。RECK蛋白阴性组的患者的生存期较阳性组短,统计学上有显著性差异（P=0.018）。结论RECK蛋白在肺癌中具有低表达,在肺癌的侵袭和转移中发挥重要作用,并与肺癌患者的预后相关。     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Statistical challenges in preprocessing in microarray experiments in cancer

Many clinical studies incorporate genomic experiments to investigate the potential associations between high-dimensional molecular data and clinical outcome. A critical first step in the statistical analyses of these experiments is that the molecular data are preprocessed. This article provides an overview of preprocessing methods, including summary algorithms and quality control metrics for microarrays. Some of the ramifications and effects that preprocessing methods have on the statistical results are illustrated. The discussions are centered around a microarray experiment based on lung cancer tumor samples with survival as the clinical outcome of interest. The procedures that are presented focus on the array platform used in this study. However, many of these issues are more general and are applicable to other instruments for genome-wide investigation. The discussions here will provide insight into the statistical challenges in preprocessing microarrays used in clinical studies of cancer. These challenges should not be viewed as inconsequential nuisances but rather as important issues that need to be addressed so that informed conclusions can be drawn.     

Hemoglobin in lymphogranulomatosis in children

The peculiarities of hemoglobin content and properties in lymphogranulomatosis were studied in children by different methods. In most patients the content of fetal hemoglobin and methhemoglobin was found to increase and the rate of ferricyanide oxidation of hemoglobin also increases. Simultaneously, the rate of non-homogenicity of basic hemoglobin fractions was observed to increase on account of immunologically different components.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Temozolomide treatment in glioma--experiences in two university hospitals in Finland

Thirty-two patients with relapsing glioma were treated with temozolomide in two university hospitals in Finland. One patient (3%) had complete response and 9 (28%) partial response, with 8 patients (25%) showing stable disease. Median progression-free survival for these 18 patients (56%) was 7 months (range 2-11+). The remaining either had progressive disease (25%) or only clinical evaluation (19%). Karnofsky score improved in 34% of patients and decreased in 3%. Symptoms were alleviated in 44% and deteriorated in 9%. Grade 3-4 toxicity was detected in 9% of the patients. Only 4% of the days in treatment were spent in hospital. An average 1.8 neuroradiological investigations, 6.9 laboratory visits, and 5.3 visits to the oncologist were made. This study confirms that temozolomide has positive effects on the outcome of often heavily pretreated glioma patients. High drug costs are compensated by prolonged home care and even the possibility to maintain working capacity.     

Sex hormones in women in rural China and in Britain

Plasma concentrations of certain hormones linked to breast cancer risk were measured in age-pooled samples from 3,250 rural Chinese women in 65 counties, and 300 British women, all aged 35-64. In age-groups 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 respectively, mean oestradiol concentrations were 36% (P = 0.043), 90% (P less than 0.001) and 171% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women, and mean testosterone concentrations were 48% (P less than 0.001), 68% (P less than 0.001) and 53% (P = 0.001) higher in the British than in the Chinese women. The difference in testosterone concentrations between the two countries appeared to be due largely to the lower average body weight in the Chinese women. Sex hormone binding globulin did not differ significantly between the two countries in age groups 35-44 and 45-54, but was 15% (P = 0.002) lower in the British than in the Chinese women at ages 55-64. Prolactin concentrations did not differ significantly between the two countries in any age group.