一测多评法检测六味五灵片中6种成分的含量

摘 要 目的：建立一测多评(QAMS)法测定六味五灵片中连翘苷、五味子醇甲、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素、五味子乙素和五味子丙素等6种有效成分的含量,验证该方法在制剂中应用的准确性和可行性。方法: 采用HPCL法,在230nm检测波长下建立五味子甲素与五味子乙素、五味子丙素、五味子酯甲、五味子醇甲和连翘苷的相对校正因子(f),计算六味五灵片中各成分的含量,实现一测多评。同时采用外标法测定,并计算QAMS法含量计算结果(W_f)和外标法含量测定结果(W_s)的相对误差,验证一测多评法的准确性,并对其重现性进行考察。结果: 建立用于测定六味五灵片中6种成分含量的QAMS法,并对10批制剂中六味五灵片的指标成分进行测定,其计算值与测定值的差异较小(RSD＜5%)。结论:QAMS法用于测六味五灵片6种有效成分的含量,方法简单、有效、结果准确。QAMS法测六味五灵片的质量评价模式得到了验证,可用于六味五灵片的质量控制,并为后续的一测多评的研究提供参考价值。     

一测多评法同时测定三七伤药片中6种活性成分

摘 要 目的：建立一测多评法(QAMS) 测定三七伤药片中6种活性成分含量。方法: 采用HPLC法,以Waters Sunfire ODS C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)为色谱柱,流动相为乙腈 水,梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长为可变波长（0 min,230 nm;10 min,283 nm;25 min,203 nm）,柱温：30℃,进样量：10 μl。以柚皮苷为参照物,应用QAMS测定芍药苷、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1和人参皂苷Re的相对较正因子并计算其含量,同时用外标法测定以上6种有效成分的含量,并将两种结果进行分析比校。结果: 一测多评法测得的芍药苷、人参皂苷Rg1、人参皂苷Rb1、三七皂苷R1和人参皂苷Re 5种成分计算值与外标法测定值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论: QAMS法可用于三七伤药片6种指标性成分的含量测定,且方法简单、有效、结果准确。     

三七药材及其配方颗粒中三成分的含量比较

摘 要 目的： 测定三七药材及其配方颗粒中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷Rg₁和人参皂苷Rb₁的含量,并比较两者中三成分含量差异。方法: 采用梯度洗脱法,乙腈为流动相A,水为流动相B;色谱柱：SunFire C18（Waters,250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;流速：1.0 ml·min^-1;检测波长：203 nm;柱温：30 ℃;对三七药材及其配方颗粒中三成分的含量进行测定,比较两者中三成分含量的差异。结果: 配方颗粒中三成分的总量为9.214%,三七药材中三成分的总量为8.646%,两者中三成分总量一致,配方颗粒与所标示的浓缩倍数相符。结论:配方颗粒的生产工艺可靠,产品质量稳定。     

一测多评法同时测定妇科千金片中5 种指标性成分的研究

摘 要 目的：建立一测多评(QAMS) 的方法用来测定妇科千金片中5种指标性成分的含量。方法: 以阿魏酸为参照物,采用HPLC法,以Hypersil GOLD C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) ;流动相为乙腈 0.1%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱; 流速:1.0 ml·min^-1;检测波长: 254 nm;柱温：30℃;进样量：10 μl。应用QAMS法的方法测定5种指标性成分之间的相对校正因子,分别采用外标法和一测多评法测定妇科千金片中的5种指标性成分的含量,并对２种方法计算结果进行对比分析,以验证一测多评法的实用性与稳定性。结果: 建立QAMS法用于测定妇科千金片中5种指标性成分的含量,并对6批妇科千金片进行测定,其计算值与测定值的差异较小(P＞0.05) 。结论: QAMS 法用于测妇科千金片中5种指标性成分的含量,方法简单、有效、结果准确,可用于妇科千金片的质量控制,并为后续的一测多评的研究提供参考价值。     

一测多评法同时测定茵栀黄口服液中5种指标性成分的含量

摘 要 目的：建立一测多评(QAMS) 法测定茵栀黄口服液中5种指标性成分的含量。方法: 以黄芩苷为参照物,采用HPLC法,以Venusil MP C18(2) 色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) ;流动相为乙腈 0.1%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱; 流速:1.0 ml·min^-1;检测波长: 327 nm;柱温：35℃;进样量：10 μl。应用QAMS法测定5种指标性成分之间的相对校正因子,分别采用外标法和一测多评法测定茵栀黄口服液中的5种指标性成分的含量,并对２种方法计算结果进行对比分析,以验证一测多评法的实用性与稳定性。结果: 建立QAMS法用于测定茵栀黄口服液中5种指标性成分的含量,并对6批茵栀黄口服液进行测定,其计算值与测定值的差异较小(P＞0.05) 。结论: QAMS 法用于测茵栀黄口服液中5种指标性成分的含量,方法简单、有效、结果准确,可用于茵栀黄口服液的质量控制,并为后续的一测多评的研究提供参考价值。     

一测多评法测定复方人参片中的8种苷类成分

目的 建立一测多评法（quantitative analysis single-marker,QAMS）测定复方人参片中8种苷类成分的含量。方法 采用Agilent XDB-C₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流动相水（A）-乙腈（B）,梯度洗脱;体积流量1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长203 nm;柱温：25℃。以人参皂苷Rb₁为内标,计算人参皂苷Rg₁、人参皂苷Re、淫羊藿苷、人参皂苷Rc、人参皂苷Rb₂、人参皂苷Rb₃、人参皂苷Rd的相对校正因子,测定其含量。结果 8种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好（r ≥ 0.999 0）,加样回收率为95.6%~104.4%,RSD为1.22%~2.73%,QAMS测定结果与外标法测定结果无显著性差异。结论 该法准确度、灵敏度高、专属性好、操作简单、重复性好。     

HPLC法测定人参三七颗粒中人参皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1和三七皂苷R1的含量

摘 要 目的: 建立同时测定人参三七颗粒中人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rb₁和三七皂苷R₁含量的方法。方法: 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Sunfire C₁₈（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）分析柱,流动相以乙腈-水梯度洗脱;检测波长为203 nm;柱温30℃;流速1.0 ml·min^-1。结果:人参皂苷Rg₁,Re,Rb₁和三七皂苷R₁之间有较好的分离度,4种成分在线性范围内与峰面积之间线性关系良好,人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rb₁和三七皂苷R₁加样回收率分别为99.83%,97.84%,98.43%,97.34%,RSD分别为2.08%,1.66%,1.73%和1.42%（n=5）。结论:本方法可同时测定人参三七颗粒中的人参皂苷Rg₁,Re,Rb₁和三七皂苷R₁含量。     

HPLC法同时测定舒血灵胶囊中三七皂苷R1、人参皂苷RG1及人参皂苷Rb1的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立舒血灵胶囊中三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷RG₁及人参皂苷Rb₁的含量测定方法。方法: 采用Hypersil ODS-2 C₁₈（250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）色谱柱;以乙腈(A)-水(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流动相梯度为：0～8 min,20%A→20%A,8～40 min,20%A→30%A,40～60 min,30%A→45%A;流速：1.0 ml·min^-1;柱温：25℃;检测波长：203 nm;进样量：20 μl。结果: 三七皂苷R₁在浓度0.05～0.50 mg·ml^-1范围内,人参皂苷RG₁和Rb₁在浓度0.20～2.00 mg·ml^-1范围内,与峰面积呈较好的线性关系（r=0.999 9）;三种成分的平均加样回收率分别为98.79%、98.42%、98.89%,RSD分别为0.85%、0.97%、0.74%（n=6）;日内精密度分别为0.49%、0.20%和0.39%;日间精密度分别为0.75%、0.56%和0.51%;稳定性、重复性试验的RSD<1%。结论:本试验建立的测定方法简便、准确性高、重复性好,可用于该制剂的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定重楼种植药材中4种重楼皂苷的含量

摘 要 目的： 建立HPLC法测定重楼中4种甾体皂苷的含量。方法: 采用色谱柱为Thermo BDS Hypersil C₁₈(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈 水梯度洗脱,流速0.8 ml·min^-1,检测波长为205 nm,柱温为25 ℃。结果: 4种重楼皂苷的标准曲线线性良好（r>0.999 5,n=5）,重楼皂苷Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ的平均回收率为100.2%,99.93%,97.61%,99.33%;RSD分别为1.29%,1.21%,2.13%,1.84%（n=6）;不同批次重楼中4种重楼皂苷的含量有一定差异。结论:该方法准确、简单、快捷,可用于重楼中4种皂苷的定量分析。     

一测多评法同时测定心可宁胶囊中5种指标性成分的研究

摘 要 目的：建立一测多评(QAMS) 法来测定心可宁胶囊中5种指标性成分的含量。方法: 采用HPLC法,以Agilent XDB C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)为色谱柱,流动相为乙腈 0.05%磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长210 nm,柱温30℃。以丹酚酸B为内参物建立5种指标性成分之间的相对校正因子,分别采用外标法和一测多评法测定心可宁胶囊中5种指标性成分的含量,并对两种方法测定结果进行对比分析,以验证一测多评法的实用性与稳定性。结果:一测多评法的计算值与外标法测定值间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),试验所得校正因子可信。结论:所建立的QAMS 法可用于测定心可宁胶囊中5种指标性成分的含量。     

Deamination of beta-phenylethylamine by monoamine oxidase--inhibition by imipramine

The oxidative deamination of tyramine (Tyr), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and β-phenylethylamine (PEA) by mitochondrial preparations of rabbit lung and brain was inhibited by imipramine. This tricyclic iminodibenzyl antidepressant drug was most effective in decreasing the deamination of PEA: at 1 × 10^?4M imipramine, deamination of PEA, Tyr and 5-HT was inhibited by approximately 70, 45 and 45 per cent, respectively, when either lung or brain mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) preparations were used. Imipramine-induced inhibition of MAO was shown to be of a mixed type based on Lineweaver-Burk plots, but was found to be completely reversible. The desmcthyl and didesmethyl derivatives of imipramine were equally as effective as the parent drug in inhibiting the deamination of PEA, whereas the N-oxide analog of imipramine was less effective as an inhibitor of this reaction. These results support the premise that the action of imipramine as a clinically effective antidepressive agent may be related to its inhibitory effect on the specific form of MAO which deaminates PEA.     

Augmentation by serrapeptase of tissue permeation by cefotiam

Cefotiam (CTM) is a new cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Cephalosporins are widely used for prophylaxis of infections in patients undergoing thoracotomy. Augmentation by serrapeptase on tissue permeation of CTM was examined in 35 thoracotomy patients with lung cancer. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the method of the administration of CTM. Group I consisted of 17 subjects, each of whom received a single dose of 2 g of CTM alone by an instillation for 30 minutes. Group II consisted of 18 subjects, each of whom received a combination of CTM and serrapeptase; serrapeptase was given 2 tablets (10 mg) each time for three times/day until the day before surgery, and then CTM was administered by the same procedure. The following results were obtained: Individual difference was observed for the permeation of CTM into tissues. Pathologic differences also affected the permeation. Nevertheless, the CTM levels in pulmonary tissues reached about a half of those in the blood in both the single dose group and the combination group, hence sufficient concentrations exceeding MIC80 for main microorganisms that caused infections in the lung were obtained. The concentrations of CTM in inflammatory tissues have showed lower levels than those of normal tissues in both CTM single dose and the combination groups. Decrease of blood flow volume may have contributed to the reduction in levels of CTM in the inflammatory tissues. The ratio of the concentration of the drug in pulmonary tissues to that in the blood was 29.1 +/- 2.5% in the single dose group, and 44.2 +/- 6.0% in the combination group, the latter showing quite a significant increase (P less than 0.05). Combined administrations of CTM and serrapeptase deserves more trials in the case when surgical treatments of the lung are performed. An antiinflammatory effect of serrapeptase in the respiratory system is expected, and in addition, the combined use of CTM and serrapeptase should stimulate permeation of the antibiotic into tissues.     

Antagonism of morphine by beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and by tetracosactin

Using the decerebrate—spinal Lloyd preparation morphine depressed evoked mono- and polysynaptic reflex activity, β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone enhanced monosynaptic reflex activity, and tetracosactin had no effect. When morphine injection was preceded either by β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone or by tetracosactin a statistically significant depression was not observed. The stimulant actions of β-melanocyte-stimulating hormone did not appear to account for its capacity to antagonize morphine. The fall of blood pressure which follows the administration of morphine in this preparation was not antagonized by the prior administration of either polypeptide.     

Analgesia induced by brief footshock is inhibited by 5-hydroxytryptamine but unaffected by antagonists of 5-hydroxytryptamine or by naloxone

Exposure to footshock (1 mA) for 30 sec induced a marked analgesia that was enhanced by pretreatment with the 5HT synthesis inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine, and attenuated by the 5HT releasing drugs p-chloroamphetamine and fenfluramine, by the 5HT re-uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine and by the 5HT agonists, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine and MK212. However, agonists, quipazine and trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine, with greated reported affinities for 5HT binding sites on rat brain membranes than MK212 were without effect as were the antagonists metergoline, methysergide, cyproheptadine, mianserine and methiothepin. The specific opioid antagonist naloxone was also without effect. The results in general indicate that analgesia induced by brief footshock (1 mA, 30 sec) is inversely related to 5HT availability but thereis little evidence of involvement of known 5HT receptors.     

Synergism by caffeine and by cocaine of the motor control deficit produced by midazolam

To evaluate the effects of caffeine and cocaine on the impairment of discriminative motor control produced by midazolam, rats were trained to hold a force transducer operated with a paw so that it remained between upper and lower limits of a force band for a continuous 1.5-s period to deliver each food pellet. Acute doses of 3 mg/kg midazolam SC impaired motor performance. Except for one animal, caffeine (10-40 mg/kg IP) had little or no effect on performance, while cocaine (3.75-22.5 mg/kg IP) produced dose-related impairment. When each dose of caffeine was combined with 3 mg/kg midazolam, a marked synergism in motor performance impairment occurred. Cocaine plus midazolam produced mainly an additive synergism. The conspicuous synergistic action of caffeine on the motor control deficit produced by midazolam contrasts with the typical antagonism found between the benzodiazepines and methylxanthines when performance is evaluated by psychomotor tests not requiring fine motor control.     

The inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase of rabbit platelets by aspirin is prevented by salicylic acid and by phenanthrolines.

Salicylic acid, 1,10- and 1,7-phenanthroline prevented inhibition by aspirin of platelet aggregation and of generation of thromboxane A2 due to arachidonic acid, to the ionophore A21387, to thrombin and to collagen. Dithiothreitol, another drug which prevents aggregation and formation of thromboxane A2, but only reversibly, failed to interfere with the inhibition by aspirin. Irreversible inhibition by indomethacin and by the substrate analogue 5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid was also unaffected by salicylic acid or by 1,10-phenanthroline, which thus probably exert a specific interaction with the aspirin-binding site. Inactivation of platelet cyclo-oxygenase with arachidonic acid led to inhibition of the formation of thromboxane A2 and of aggregation due to arachidonic acid itself and to collagen, but barely affected aggregation by thrombin, even though generation of thromboxane A2 was blocked. Use of salicylic acid and of reversible inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase may help to unravel the mechanism of inhibition due to other agents.     

Local injuries by accidental ingestion of corrosive substances by children

Own data and analysis of previous publications show that situations where accidental ingestion of corrosive substances by children may have happened are frequent, but severe corrosive esophagitis leading to perforation or stricture formation is very rare. In case of suspected esophageal injury, esophagoscopy and glucocorticoid treatment become necessary. The evaluation of the initial symptoms in patients from our own material and from the literature indicates that all children with serious esophageal burns had one or more of the following symptoms: visible burns in the oral cavity, hypersalivation, retching, vomiting, retrosternal or epigastric pain, cardiovascular collaps, airway stenosis. Hence, children with an uncertain history of ingestion and without any of these symptoms need not be treated. After ingestion of liquid substances, but never of dry or granular products, lesions in the esophagus without accompanying burns in the oral cavity were observed. The evaluation of 1158 cases of accidental ingestions of several types of household products and a collection of data from the literature on the causticity of these substances shows that cleaners containing mainly detergents and phosphates (with pH values generally between 9 and 11), and household bleaches on sodium hypochlorite basis are relatively harmless. Drain cleaners (NaOH), decalcifiers (formic acid) and detergents for automatic dish washing machines (metasilicates) are very caustic and are responsible for the majority of serious accidents in children.

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Zusammenfassung Eigenes Zahlenmaterial und eine Durchsicht früherer Veröffentlichungen ergeben, daß Situationen, in denen Kinder versehentlich ätzende Haushaltsmittel zu sich genommen haben (oder haben könnten), häufig sind, daß aber schwere Ösophagusverätzungen mit Perforationen oder Strikturbildung im Kindesalter sehr selten sind. Beim Verdacht auf eine erheblichere Ösophagusverätzung werden Ösophagoskopie und Glukokortikosteroidbehandlung erforderlich. Alle Kinder mit erheblichen Ösophagusverätzungen, über deren Aufnahmestatus in unseren Unterlagen oder in Publikationen Angaben gemacht worden sind, hatten mindestens eines der folgenden Symptome: sichtbare Ätzspuren in Mund und Rachen, Hypersalivation, Würgen, Erbrechen, Schmerzen hinter dem Brustbein oder im Oberbauch, Kreislaufkollaps, Luftwegsstenose. Demnach brauchen Kinder, deren Anamnese nur fraglich ist, und die keines der genannten Symptome haben, nicht behandelt zu werden. Bei trockenen Substanzen waren stets Ätzspuren in der Mundhöhle sichtbar, wenn es zu Ösophagusverätzungen gekommen war; bei Ösophagusschäden durch Flüssigkeiten fehlen gelegentlich Nekrosen in der Mundhöhle. Die Auswertung von 1158 Verätzungsunfällen bei Kindern mit verschiedenen Haushaltsprodukten, und eine Zusammenstellung bereits bekannter, relevanter Daten zeigt, daß Allzweckreiniger auf Detergentien- und Polyphosphat-Basis (in der Regel mit pH-Werten zwischen 9 und 11) und Haushaltsbleichen (Natriumhypochlorit) verhältnismäßig harmlos sind. Reiniger für maschinelles Geschirrspülen (Metasilikate), Abflußreiniger (Natronlauge) und Entkalker (Ameisensäure) sind stark ätzend und verursachen die Mehrzahl der schweren Verätzungsunfälle bei Kindern.

     

冠舒注射液的薄层色谱鉴别及含量测定

报道了冠舒注射液中葛根和元胡的薄层色谱鉴别结果，方法简便。并用分光光度法对其总黄酮的含量进行了测定，以便控制产品质量，结果可靠、重现性好．三批样品含量分别为８．７８３、７．９０６和８．１３４ｍｇ／ｍｌ。