新型冠状病毒感染者空运医疗后送现状分析

介绍了国外空运医疗后送新型冠状病毒感染者的概况,包括转运方法、前期准备、后送过程中的个人防护措施和隔离装备、转运后飞机的净化消毒方法等,分析了国内空运医疗后送新型冠状病毒感染者的概况及存在的问题,并提出了相应的建议,为我国传染病患者的空运医疗后送提供了参考。     

空运后送的组织与实施

空运后送在卫勤保障工作中的地位和作用日益突出,本文结合演习实践,对空运后送的组织与实施进行了探讨。阐明了空运后送的相关概念和特点,阐述了空运后送在卫勤保障工作中的地位和作用,并从构建信息化的组织指挥体系、研发现代化的空运后送装备、培养专业化的空中救护力量三个方面总结了空运后送的组织实施要旨。     

国际视野下空运医疗后送模拟训练研究

回顾了世界范围内空运医疗后送的发展历程,通过查阅中、英文权威数据库文献,介绍了国际范围内空运医疗后送模拟训练研究的现状,并从模拟训练的内容、工具及环境设计3个方面进行了深入分析。总结了目前国内空运医疗后送模拟训练存在的问题,提出了有针对性的改进意见。指出了对空运医疗后送模拟训练进行持续不断的深入研究和实践将对战争或非战争环境下的空运医疗后送能力的提升具有重大的意义。     

海军陆战队远程空运医疗后送探讨

空运后送在卫勤保障中的地位和作用日益突出,海军陆战队是国家执行重大军事任务时的重要力量,作者分析了美军海军陆战队伤员空运后送的现状、存在的问题及要求,并就其空运后送卫勤保障中常用药品、护理设备及医疗人员的配置情况做了总结,明确了提高空运医疗后送能力对于保证海军陆战队战斗力的重要作用。     

伤病员空运后送护理与医学准备

通过分析空运情况下对伤病员影响的主要因素,提出了伤病员空运后送前医学准备的主要要求:维持伤病员生命体征的稳定;减少机上医疗护理操作;处置伤病员使其符合航空环境要求。指出伤病员空运后送前医学准备的主要内容包括:对伤病员进行分类,确定其空运后送的顺序;对伤病员进行更换敷料、包扎固定等一般性处置;针对不同的伤类、伤部和伤势进行特殊处置等。     

空运后送机上护理组工作流程模式

总结参加野战救护、演习及培训的经验,提出统筹护理力量,优化处置流程,体现空运后送护理的独特性,提高转运安全性及护理组织绩效,为实战条件下组织伤员空运后送提供有益的经验和参考.     

新型运输机运送伤员附加装置的研制

目的：研制一种能临时加改装于运输机,保证伤病员安全、高效载运的空运后送附加装置。方法：采用运-X为基本设计平台,进行了总体布局设计、支架单元设计、布置装载方案设计以及人机工效设计等;进行了力学性能试验、可靠性试验、部队适应性试验。结果：该运输机的运送伤员附加装置系统结构设计合理、安装使用便利、舒适效果良好、满足适航性规范要求。结论：该装置为现役运输机的空运后送提供了良好的装备,满足了大规模空运后送伤员的要求。     

空运后送对多器官功能障碍（MODS）患者的影响分析及对策研 究

阐述了多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）的概念及其发病机制，分析了空运后送时高空环境对机体的影响以及空运后送对MODS的影响，同时回顾了国内外对于MODS空运后送的医学研究现状，提出了开展MODS空运后送前瞻性研究的设想。     

国外空运医疗后送的形成与发展

本文主要回顾国外空运医疗后送的历史,介绍空运医疗后送形成、发展和变革。第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战空运医疗后送系统基本形成。朝鲜战争和越南战争中,空运医疗后送得到极大的发展,从卫生飞机的改进到医务人员的配备日趋完善。海湾战争和伊拉克战争期间,空运医疗后送发生了变革,旋翼机后送的伤病员数量超过固定翼飞机。未来空运医疗后送飞机的功能会更加完善,卫生人员的技术需要不断提高。     

美军空运医疗后送体系及对我军的启示

回顾了美军空运医疗后送体系的历史和发展过程,介绍了美军空运医疗后送的流程和特点,并与我军空运医疗后送发展现状进行比较,阐明了美军美军的相关经验对我军的启示,为我军空运医疗后送能力的发展提供参考。     

区域性空中医疗救护体系构建

目的探讨构建区域性空中医疗救护体系的必要性、可行性和体系构建后的运行。方法综合分析外军及联合国维和部队空中救护体系,参考我国灾害救援中的有关经验。结果指挥系统、区域性医疗救援中心、运输工具、空中医疗救援队及现场分类救援力量是该体系构建的重点。结论区域性空中医疗救护体系是未来的一个重点方向。     

Al Jubail--an aeromedical staging facility during the Gulf conflict: discussion paper.

During the latter half of 1990 the Royal Air Force established a medical evacuation chain in support of the British First Armoured Division during Operation Granby (known as Operation Desert Storm in the USA). Medical contingency plans, formulated prior to embarkation from the UK, foresaw the need for five aeromedical staging facilities sub-deployed throughout the east of the Arabian Peninsula. The early days of the deployment found personnel busy with the construction of tented and hardened facilities and with the establishment of local operating procedures. Many problems were initially encountered, especially with supply, communications and in co-ordinating with collaborating coalition and host nation units. Nevertheless, progress was rapid and non-combatant operations were started within days of arrival. As the ground offensive became more imminent, training took on a sense of urgency. Advanced first aid techniques were taught to all non-medical staff, whereas doctors, nurses and paramedical personnel were taught ACLS and ATLS skills. All studied field hygiene, the hazards of nuclear, chemical and biological warfare, casualty handling, battle psychology and the intricacies of loading and unloading various types of aircraft. By the start of the ground phase of the war the British evacuation chain was fully operational and capable of treating and transferring hundreds of casualties per day. In the event, only about 850 patients were transported down the evacuation chain during the conflict, and less than 10% of these were battle casualties. This paper presents an overview of the British aeromedical evacuation system and discusses, in more detail, the establishment and operation of the busiest aeromedical staging facility at Al Jubail in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.     

Health Care Response to CCHF in US Soldier and Nosocomial Transmission to Health Care Providers,Germany, 2009

In 2009, a lethal case of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), acquired by a US soldier in Afghanistan, was treated at a medical center in Germany and resulted in nosocomial transmission to 2 health care providers (HCPs). After his arrival at the medical center (day 6 of illness) by aeromedical evacuation, the patient required repetitive bronchoscopies to control severe pulmonary hemorrhage and renal and hepatic dialysis for hepatorenal failure. After showing clinical improvement, the patient died suddenly on day 11 of illness from cerebellar tonsil herniation caused by cerebral/cerebellar edema. The 2 infected HCPs were among 16 HCPs who received ribavirin postexposure prophylaxis. The infected HCPs had mild or no CCHF symptoms. Transmission may have occurred during bag-valve-mask ventilation, breaches in personal protective equipment during resuscitations, or bronchoscopies generating infectious aerosols. This case highlights the critical care and infection control challenges presented by severe CCHF cases, including the need for experience with ribavirin treatment and postexposure prophylaxis.     

“反恐”应急医疗救援体系及对卫生装备的需求

在分析“反恐”卫勤保障能力总体需求的基础上,探讨了“反恐”应急医疗救援体系的建立及其对卫生装备的需求,指出我国应重点发展急救装备、治送结合的伤病员后送装备、移动式野外医疗单元和环境生存装备等四类“反恐”卫生装备。     

Designing a National Disaster Medical System

The National Disaster Medical System (NDMS) is a partnership of private and public sectors to provide care to the victims of great disasters. The system is being developed as a voluntary cooperative effort of four major Federal agencies, State and local governments, and the American professional and hospital communities. A medical response component will include 150 disaster medical assistance units capable of clearing or staging operations in a disaster. Each unit will comprise three 29-person teams containing physicians, nurses, medical technicians, and support personnel and will include a 16-person unit command and support element. An evacuation component will be founded on the military aeromedical evacuation system, augmented by civilian aircraft and other transportation resources. A hospital component will enroll 100,000 pre-committed beds in hospitals throughout the nation. The system is designed to care for up to 100,000 casualties arising from a massive peacetime disaster or an overseas conventional military conflict. The National Disaster Medical System will be implemented over a period of 3 to 5 years. The authors recommend that all parts of the American health care community join in support of the system.     

提高伤病员海上后送效率对策分析

本文在对伤病员海上后送效率影响因素进行科学分析的基础上,探索提高海上后送效率的对策,从海上后送体制的构建、后送机构的完善、后送资料统计工作、后送全程质量控制、后送装备的建设和训练工作的开展等方面进了了探讨,并逐项提出了相应的建议.     

重大自然灾害后危重伤病员紧急医疗后送的分析与体会

目的:总结分析重大自然灾害后危重伤病员的紧急医疗后送工作,提高灾后危重伤病员后送能力,有效降低死亡率和致残率。方法:分析兰州军区兰州总医院在玉树地震及舟区泥石流灾害后危重伤病员紧急医疗后送中的相关资料,总结经验。结果:全部伤病员均安全送抵目的地,保证了伤病员的有效救治。结论:严密的组织、完善的后送装备的准备及严格的后送管理是确保危重伤病员紧急医疗后送工作成功的关键。     

便携式护士卫生包在卫生列车后送中的应用

目的：探讨特殊情况下护士卫生包在卫生列车后送工作中的应用。方法：自行研制新型便携式护士卫生包,配备给卫生列车上执行后送任务的护理人员,提供对伤员进行各种基本护理、治疗操作、病情观察、紧急救治的医疗物品。结果：护士卫生包在多次执行卫勤训练和特殊任务中发挥了重要作用。结论：护士卫生包轻便、小巧．具有较强的适用性、有效性和可操作性,是顺利完成卫生列车伤病员后送救治任务的重要装备。     

辅助诊断医疗装备在非洲维和行动卫勤保障中的价值

目的:探讨辅助诊断医疗装备在非洲维和行动卫勤保障中的应用价值。方法:使用90%以上国产辅助诊断医疗装备为联合国维和人员进行检验、X线拍片、B超和心电图等各项检查。结果:检验5000人,X线机拍片2100人,B超检查2686人,心电图检查988人,后送伤病员20例,紧急抢救后送2例。主要辅助诊断的疾病:疟疾、伤寒、HIV阳性、肺结核、肝脾肿大、泌尿系结石、肝癌、肾癌、女患者子宫肌瘤、盆腔积液和心肌缺血等,各诊室诊断阳性率为56%～86%,准确率均达到98%以上。结论:辅助诊断医疗装备在非洲维和行动卫勤保障中,为中国二级维和医院救治联合国维和伤病员提供了可靠的临床治疗依据,并在执行紧急后送危重患者的任务中体现出其重要价值,顺利通过联合国每半年一次的各项医疗卫生装备核查任务。