深圳市小学生龋病流行特征分析

了解2015年深圳在校小学生龋病流行特征,为制定小学生口腔健康策略和开展口腔健康促进提供依据.方法 对深圳市公立小学169 918名在校学生进行口腔健康普查.通过深圳市学生口腔防治管理系统收集数据.结果 2015年深圳市小学生乳牙患龋率为49.5%,填充率为13.6%,龋均为(1.81±2.52),缺失率为4.6%;恒牙患龋率为16.4%,填充率为20.4%,龋均为(0.33±0.88),恒牙缺失率为0.2%,显著龋病指数(SiC)为(0.98±1.27).随着年龄增长乳牙患龋率及龋均呈下降趋势,恒牙患龋率及龋均呈上升趋势.12岁儿童恒牙患龋率为26.5%,龋均为(0.57±1.15),缺失率为0.4%,SiC为(1.72±1.42).女生恒牙患龋率(18.5%)高于男生(14.8%) (x2=431.38,P<0.01);女生恒牙龋均(0.38±0.94)也高于男生(0.29±0.82)(t=-20.84,P<0.01).原关外小学生的乳、恒牙患龋率(55.0%,18.3%)均高于原关内(46.0%,15.2%)(x2值分别为1 289.04,294.90,P值均<0.05),龋均(2.14±2.66,0.39±0.98)也高于原关内(1.61±2.40,0.29±0.80)(t值分别为-41.04,-23.26,P值均<0.01).结论 深圳小学生龋病流行处于较低水平,原关外新区情况尤为严重.需要重点加强口腔健康教育及干预措施.     

中山市2016-2017年12岁学生龋齿患病情况

了解广东省中山市12岁学生龋齿患病现状,为教育和卫生行政部门制订适宜的口腔卫生防治策略提供科学依据.方法 采用2016-2017学年中山市中小学生体检数据资料,对22 783名12岁年龄组学生龋齿的患病状况进行分析.结果 12岁学生乳牙患龋率为8.19%,男生高于女生(X2=31.13,P<0.01);其中,乳牙龋补构成比为11.52%,乳龋均为0.13.12岁学生恒牙患龋率为25.85%,女生高于男生(x2=159.89,P<0.01);其中恒牙龋补构成比为37.16%,恒龋均为0.49.乳龋患率乡村高于城市,乳龋补率城市高于乡村(x2值分别为49.21,80.47,P值均<0.01),均表现为男生高于女生(x2值分别为28.10,7.74,P值均<0.01);恒龋患率和恒龋补率均表现为城市高于乡村x2值分别为72.83,47.21,P值均<0.01),女生高于男生(x2值分别为8.91,15.58,P值均<0.01),恒龋失率女生高于男生(x2=80.47,P<0.01).结论 中山市12岁学生龋病情况较为普遍,龋病严重程度相对较低.但城乡的龋齿充填比例仍较低,口腔保健水平有待提高.     

兰州市中小学生龋患现状分析

分析兰州市2014年中小学生龋病的患病现状,为制定龋病防治措施提供依据.方法 利用2014年兰州市学生体质与健康状况调研的数据资料,对兰州市城乡7,9,12,14岁4个年龄组1 411名中小学生龋齿患病情况进行分析.结果 2014年兰州市男、女生乳牙龋患率分别为57.83%和57.40%,均随年龄增长而下降;男、女生恒牙龋患率分别为39.03%和51.78%,均随年龄增长而上升.城、乡男生乳牙龋患率分别为53.27%,62.57%,差异有统计学意义(x2=6.476,P<0.05);城、乡女生乳牙龋患率分别为55.70%,58.87%,差异无统计学意义(x2=2.732,P>0.05);城、乡男生恒牙龋患率分别为35.10%,42.73%,差异有统计学意义(x2=4.178,P<0.05);城、乡女生恒牙龋患率分别为44.20%,59.55%,差异有统计学意义(x2=10.897,P<0.05).结论 兰州市中小学生龋病防治任务艰巨,今后防龋工作的重点应放在农村.     

2019年察隅县某小学龋病状况调查

目的 了解西藏察隅某小学学生龋病以及口腔健康行为状况,为开展小学生龋病防治及口腔健康教育提供参考。方法 2019年5月对某小学441名学生采用口腔检查和调查问卷形式进行调查。结果 441名小学生患龋率为 73.70%,早晚刷牙率20.86%,龋齿充填率0.45%。男生的患龋率75.80%,女生患龋率 71.62%,男女差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.992,P =0.319);男生龋均 3.22,女生龋均2.83, 差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.646,P =0.518)。调查对象总龋均为 3.03,患者龋均为 4.11。结论 察隅县完全小学龋病患病率较高,龋齿填充率较低,龋病防治工作形势严峻。开展口腔健康教育,加强预防措施,是现阶段需重点解决的问题。     

2019年泉州市学生龋齿调查分析

目的了解泉州市学生龋齿流行现状和人群龋患程度,为开展龋病防治及口腔健康教育提供参考。方法2019年选取泉州市13所学校,其中小学、初中、高中各4所,大学1所;按照整群随机抽样方法,在每个学校的每个年级至少抽取80名学生进行龋齿患病情况调查。采用描述性方法分析龋齿、龋失、龋补的检出率和龋均情况。结果共抽取学生4910人,其中男生2686人,女生2224人。恒牙龋齿、龋失、龋补(DMF)检出率为41.6%,女生(46.9%)高于男生(37.3%),乡村学生(58.1%)高于城市学生(28.1%);乳牙龋齿、龋失、龋补(dmf)检出率为50.5%,男生(52.8%)高于女生(47.7%),乡村学生(55.3%)高于城市学生(45.3%);差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。恒牙龋均为(1.30±2.08)颗;其中女生为(1.54±2.21)颗,高于男生的(1.1±1.94)颗;乡村学生为(1.97±2.39)颗,高于城市学生的(0.75±1.58)颗;差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。乳牙龋均为(2.06±2.89)颗,其中男生(2.2±2.96)颗高于女生的(1.89±2.80)颗,乡村学生(2.58±3.27)颗高于城市学生的(1.49±2.28)颗,以上差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论泉州市中小学生龋病流行普遍,患龋程度较严重,各部门和家长、学生应共同努力,减少龋病的发生。     

广州市中小学生乳牙龋及龋补与恒牙龋的关联

了解广州市中小学生乳牙龋牙数及龋补与恒牙龋的关联性,为预防学生恒牙龋病提供参考.方法 2014年9-12月,对广州市7,9,12和14岁的5 272名中小学生进行口腔检查,记录乳、恒牙患龋及龋补情况,运用负二项回归模型分析乳牙龋牙数和龋补数对恒龋牙数的影响.结果 广州市7,9和12岁学生乳牙患龋率分别为48.24%,45.21%,6.10%.7,9,12和14岁学生恒牙患龋率分别为0.61%,2.85%,10.14%,14.28%.男、女生乳牙患龋率分别为35.04%和34.08%,恒牙龋患率分别为4.88%和8.82%.以恒龋数为结局变量,分析乳龋对恒龋的影响,调整学生年龄、性别和城乡后,负二项回归模型中离散参数的估计值为16.37 (95%CI=9.27~28.90),女生较男生更易患恒牙龋,越年长的学生患恒牙龋的强度越高,且均有统计学意义(x2值分别为41.09,13.32,19.40,P值均<0.01).乳牙龋拟合负二项回归模型显示,调整年龄、性别和城乡后,有乳牙龋补和恒牙龋补的学生与恒牙龋的关联均有统计学意义(β值分别为1.00,2.76,P值均<0.05).将乳牙龋补和恒牙龋补同时纳入模型后,乳牙龋补对恒牙龋有保护效应(β=-1.09,95% CI=-1.72~-0.46,P<0.01),而恒牙龋补和恒牙龋的正关联也仍有统计学意义(β=3.02,95%CI=2.65~3.39,P<0.01).结论 乳牙龋越严重的中小学生恒牙龋也越严重,对乳牙龋进行龋补修复有助于降低恒牙龋牙数.     

宁德市12岁学生患龋率及相关因素分析

目的 了解12岁学生恒牙患龋率及相关因素,为开展学生口腔预防保健提供依据。方法 按《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》,用多阶段、分层、等容量、随机抽样法,抽取宁德市城乡12岁学生共720名,用CPI探针检查全口恒牙牙冠龋病。同时就其生活、口腔卫生习惯和就医情况等进行问卷调查。结果 720名12岁学生恒牙患龋率56.8%,女生患龋率（62.8%）高于男生（50.8%）;龋均1.56,女生（1.82）高于男生（1.29）;充填率7.6%,城市（97%）高于农村（5.6%）;每天刷牙率93.6%,女生（97.5%）高于男生（89.7%）;使用含氟牙膏率72.5%,城乡间（73.3%和71.7%）、男女间（73.1%和71.9%）差异均无统计学意义;每天进食含糖食品率66.8%,女生（71.1%）高于男生（62.5%）;近12个月内口腔科就诊原因主要是：急性牙痛（7.9%）、定期牙齿检查（6.0%）、有口腔问题去检查（49%）,预防就诊仅2.1%,城乡就诊率差异均无统计学意义。结论 宁德市12岁儿童龋病发病率高,治疗率低,应加强学生恒牙龋病的预防,加强口腔健康教育,控制发病率。     

深圳市6～15岁儿童龋病流行病学调查

目的 了解深圳市小学生龋病现状,分析龋病在该群体中的分布特点,为龋病预防工作提供人群针对性依据.方法 参照WHO《口腔健康调查基本方法》和《第三次全国口腔健康调查方案》,抽取深圳市南山区5 191名6～15岁儿童,进行龋病检查.结果 7～9岁为乳牙龋病高峰期,7岁组男生患龋率高达54.40％,女生患龋率高达55.60％;恒牙患龋率随着年龄增长而提高,13岁组男生恒牙患龋率为24.10％,女生恒牙患龋率为46.20％;乳牙充填率男生9岁组最高,为12.85％,女生6岁组最高,为19.61％;恒牙充填率男生8岁组最高,为22.45％,女生9岁组最高,为33.21％.结论 深圳市小学生乳、恒牙患龋率均较高,充填率较低.     

河南省农村12岁留守儿童恒牙患龋及影响因素分析

调查分析河南省农村12岁留守儿童恒牙患龋情况及其影响因素,为开展龋病预防工作提供依据.方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法,抽取河南省农村12岁留守儿童740名进行口腔检查及问卷调查,并以783名非留守儿童作为对照,进行统计分析.结果 740名留守儿童恒牙患龋率为60.41%,龋均为(1.75±2.04).女生患龋率及龋均均高于男生,差异均有统计学意义(x2和t值分别为19.737,-4.308,P值均<0.05).留守儿童的患龋率和龋均高于非留守儿童,差异均有统计学意义(x2和t值分别为16.850,4.851,P值均<0.05).留守儿童龋齿好发于下颌第一恒磨牙(48.54%),其次为上颌第一恒磨牙(29.64%),下颌前牙患龋率为0.留守和非留守儿童窝沟封闭率分别为0.41%和1.02%,龋齿充填率分别为2.17%和2.88%.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,进食甜点是恒牙龋的危险因素,持有"龋齿可以由牙面上细菌引起,定期口腔检查非常必要"观念是恒牙龋的保护因素(P值均<0.05).结论 河南省农村部分12岁留守儿童恒牙患龋状况严重,不良的饮食习惯是恒牙患龋的危险因素.应加强学生口腔健康教育工作,帮助养成良好的饮食习惯.     

2010年广西灵山县高中生龋齿患病情况调查

目的了解广西灵山县高中生恒牙患龋情况,探索发生龋齿的原因及防治对策。方法对灵山县在校学生每年进行1次学生健康检查。检查结果经数据统计处理后,对学生患龋率、龋均、龋失补率进行流行病学分析。结果学生总患龋率为19.44%,男生为15.58%,女生为23.19%;学生总龋均为0.48,男生为0.36,女生为0.60,患龋率和龋均在男女生之间有统计学意义差异(P0.01)。学生总体充填比率为14.79%,男生为17.31%,女生为13.31%,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。不同年级学生患龋情况比较,患龋率高二学生最高(22.04%),充填比率高三最高(17.66%),患龋率和充填比率在高二与高三之间差异有统计学意义(P0.01);城镇学生患龋率为22.16%,农村学生患龋率为16.52%;城镇学生龋均为0.51,农村学生龋均为0.45,患龋率和龋均在城镇学生和农村学生之间差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。充填比率在城镇学生和农村学生之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论灵山县高中生恒牙龋均较高,患龋率较低,充填比率也较低,应继续加强口腔健康教育,进行定期检查、窝沟封闭和充填治疗,以降低患龋率和龋均。     

Shigella Infections in Household Contacts of Pediatric Shigellosis Patients in Rural Bangladesh

To examine rates of Shigella infections in household contacts of pediatric shigellosis patients, we followed contacts and controls prospectively for 1 week after the index patient obtained care. Household contacts of patients were 44 times more likely to develop a Shigella infection than were control contacts (odds ratio 44.7, 95% CI 5.5–361.6); 29 (94%) household contacts of shigellosis patients were infected with the same species and serotype as the index patient’s. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that 14 (88%) of 16 with infected contacts had strains that were indistinguishable from or closely related to the index patient’s strain. Latrine area fly counts were higher in patient households compared with control households, and 2 patient household water samples were positive for Shigella. We show high susceptibility of household contacts of shigellosis patients to Shigella infections and found environmental risk factors to be targeted in future interventions.     

Congenital Transmission of Chagas Disease in Latin American Immigrants in Switzerland

International migration has changed the epidemiologic patterns of Chagas disease. Recently, 2 cases of Chagas disease transmitted from Latin American women to their newborns were diagnosed in Geneva, Switzerland. A retrospective study to detect Chagas disease showed a prevalence of 9.7% among 72 Latin American women tested during pregnancy in Switzerland.     

补体系统在复发性流产中的研究进展

复发性流产是世界性医学难题,其中免疫因素所致的原因不明复发性流产是当前研究者关注的焦点。补体系统作为固有免疫的重要组成部分,在妊娠过程中发挥着复杂而精细的调控作用。一定程度的补体成分激活对于妊娠过程中胎儿及妊娠附属物的正常发育是必需的,然而在母胎界面上补体系统的过度激活可通过影响胎盘发育、介导炎症损伤,调节特有免疫系统等途径导致胚胎丢失。因此,补体系统失调或过度活化是复发性流产的风险因素。本文对补体系统对正常妊娠的支持及病理激活状态下导致复发性流产的病理机制研究进展进行综述,以期为今后提供可行的免疫治疗方向。     

Outbreaks of Kingella kingae Infections in Daycare Facilities

During the past decade, transmission of the bacterium Kingella kingae has caused clusters of serious infections, including osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, bacteremia, endocarditis, and meningitis, among children in daycare centers in the United States, France, and Israel. These events have been characterized by high attack rates of disease and prevalence of the invasive strain among asymptomatic classmates of the respective index patients, suggesting that the causative organisms benefitted from enhanced colonization fitness, high transmissibility, and high virulence. After prophylactic antibacterial drugs were administered to close contacts of infected children, no further cases of disease were detected in the facilities, although test results showed that some children still carried the bacterium. Increased awareness of this public health problem and use of improved culture methods and sensitive nucleic acid amplification assays for detecting infected children and respiratory carriers are needed to identify and adequately investigate outbreaks of K. kingae disease.     

脱氢表雄酮对卵巢低反应患者卵巢反应性和体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

目的：评估脱氢表雄酮（DHEA）对卵巢低反应（POR）患者卵巢反应性及体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）治疗结局的影响。方法：选取78例2015年1月-2017年6月于天津市第一中心医院就诊接受IVF/胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）-ET治疗的POR患者进行前瞻性对照研究,其中治疗组（n=41）患者在超促排卵前接受DHEA辅助治疗,对照组（n=37）未行DHEA辅助治疗。比较2组患者一般情况、卵巢储备功能和妊娠结局等相关指标。结果：2组患者年龄、不孕年限、体质量指数（BMI）和基础卵泡刺激素（FSH）、基础黄体生成激素（LH）等卵巢储备功能指标差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。治疗组卵泡数、获卵数和临床妊娠率高于对照组,促性腺激素（Gn）总剂量低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;获卵率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、胚胎种植率高于对照组,周期取消率低于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗组年龄＜37岁的患者获卵数、获卵率和胚胎种植率高于年龄≥37岁的患者（均P＜0.05）。结论：DHEA辅助治疗可以提高POR患者的卵巢反应性,减少Gn用量,改善IVF治疗结局,年轻患者使用后效果更佳。     

Rapid Detection of ESBL-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Blood Cultures

We rapidly identified extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers prospectively among 245 gram-negative bacilli–positive cultured blood specimens using the Rapid ESBL Nordmann/Dortet/Poirel test and direct bacterial identification using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. This combination identified ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae within 30 min and had high predictive values.     

Migratory passerine birds as reservoirs of Lyme borreliosis in Europe

To define the role of birds as reservoirs and disseminators of Borrelia spirochetes, we characterized tick infestation and reservoir competence of migratory passerine birds in Sweden. A total of 1,120 immature Ixodes ricinus ticks were removed from 13,260 birds and assayed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Borrelia, followed by DNA sequencing for species and genotype identification. Distributions of ticks on birds were aggregated, presumably because of varying encounters with ticks along migratory routes. Lyme borreliosis spirochetes were detected in 160 (1.4%) ticks. Borrelia garinii was the most common species in PCR-positive samples and included genotypes associated with human infections. Infestation prevalence with infected ticks was 5 times greater among ground-foraging birds than other bird species, but the 2 groups were equally competent in transmitting Borrelia. Migratory passerine birds host epidemiologically important vector ticks and Borrelia species and vary in effectiveness as reservoirs on the basis of their feeding behavior.     

Achievements in and Challenges of Tuberculosis Control in South Korea

After the Korean War (1950–1953), nearly 6.5% of South Korea’s population had active tuberculosis (TB). In response, South Korea implemented the National Tuberculosis Program in 1962. From 1965 to 1995, the prevalence of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB in South Korea decreased from 940 to 219 cases per 100,000 population. Astounding economic growth might have contributed to this result; however, TB incidence in South Korea remains the highest among high-income countries. The rate of decrease in TB incidence seems to have slowed over the past 15 years. A demographic shift toward an older population, many of whom have latent TB and various concurrent conditions, is challenging TB control efforts in South Korea. The increasing number of immigrants also plays a part in the prolonged battle against TB. A historical review of TB in South Korea provides an opportunity to understand national TB control efforts that are applicable to other parts of the world.     

483例冻融胚胎移植周期妊娠结局影响因素回顾性分析

目的：探讨冻融胚胎移植（FET）周期妊娠结局的影响因素。方法：收集2016年1月-12月于中国人民解放军武汉总医院生殖医学中心行FET患者的临床资料,根据妊娠成功与否将纳入的483个周期分为妊娠组（253个周期）和非妊娠组（230个周期）。对2组一般情况进行比较,并通过Logistic回归分析探讨FET周期妊娠结局的影响因素。结果：妊娠组年龄小于非妊娠组,妊娠组移植优胚数高于非妊娠组（均P＜0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄（OR=0.715,95%CI：0.550～0.930,P=0.012）、移植优胚数（OR=1.780,95%CI：1.323～2.395,P=0.000）和胚胎类型（OR=1.737,95%CI：1.076～2.805,P=0.024）是FET周期妊娠结局的影响因素。结论：年龄越小、移植囊胚期胚胎、增加移植优胚数有利于提高FET周期种植成功率和临床妊娠率。