白桦酸类化合物的研究进展

白桦酸类化合物是一类可以从多种植物中分离得到的天然产物，包括白桦酸、23-羟基白桦酸、白桦素及其衍生物等，是一类结构及作用机制相对新颖、具有抗HIV-1和抗肿增活性的天然化合物。对这类化合物的结构修饰和改造，目前已经获得大量具有良好生物活性的衍生物。现对这方面的研究进展进行综述。     

白桦醇与白桦酸的结构修饰与抗肿瘤活性研究进展

目的综述白桦醇和白桦酸的结构改造及其抗肿瘤活性研究进展。方法通过查阅40余篇相关文献,对白桦醇和白桦酸的抗肿瘤活性与这两个化合物的结构改造及其抗肿瘤活性方面进行归纳总结。结果白桦醇、白桦酸以及它们的衍生物在治疗癌症方面显示了巨大的潜力,在这两个化合物的结构改造中,均以引入杂原子和不饱和基团对其抗肿瘤活性的提高作用最明显。结果白桦醇与白桦酸及其结构改造仍是抗肿瘤药物的研究热点,值得进一步研究开发。     

五环三萜羽扇豆烷型天然产物抗肿瘤活性研究进展

天然产物是抗肿瘤药物的重要来源。三萜化合物是植物体内重要的次生代谢产物,具有广泛的生物活性,其中五环三萜羽扇豆烷型天然产物对多种肿瘤细胞生长均表现出很强地抑制活性,同时由于毒性较低且作用机制独特,使其成为优秀的抗肿瘤先导化合物。近年来,针对羽扇豆烷型天然产物的抗肿瘤机制研究越发深入,对其结构进行衍生化从而提升活性、改善成药性的研究也越来越多。本文综述了五环三萜中白桦酸、23-羟基白桦酸、桦木醇和羽扇豆醇4个天然活性化合物的来源、抗肿瘤活性、作用机制及结构衍生化等方面国内外的研究进展。     

新型喹诺酮类化合物的设计合成与生物活性研究

目的设计合成具有抗肿瘤和抗HIV活性的新型喹诺酮类化合物。方法邻苯二胺衍生物和苯甲酰乙酸乙酯衍生物经缩合关环反应得到目标产物。结果与结论共合成5个未见文献报道的喹诺酮类化合物（7～11）,目标化合物的结构经1H—NMR、ESI-MS谱确证。并利用谱学方法解析了此类化合物的互变异构现象。其中,化合物11具有明显的抗肿瘤及抗HIV活性。     

水飞蓟宾衍生物的设计合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

目的 设计合成一系列新型水飞蓟宾衍生物，进行生物活性测试及分子对接研究。方法 以天然产物水飞蓟宾为先导化合物，对其C-23位羟基进行结构修饰，设计合成新型水飞蓟宾衍生物；采用MTT法，用人肺癌细胞(A549)和乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)进行初步体外抗肿瘤筛选；利用计算机辅助药物设计方法分析所合成化合物关键基团与靶蛋白的作用方式。结果 合成了12个未见文献报道的水飞蓟宾衍生物，结构均经¹H-NMR、¹³C-NMR及MS谱确证。活性测试结果表明，化合物Ⅰ₃、Ⅰ₅对肿瘤细胞的抑制活性与阳性对照药alpelisib相当。结论 经过结构修饰后的水飞蓟宾衍生物具有一定的抗肿瘤作用，值得进一步研究。     

3-O-酰基熊果酸衍生物的抗HIV活性

作者在筛选具抗 HIV 活性的天然产物中发现桦木酸(1)结构修饰所得的3-O-(3′,3′-二甲基琥珀酰)-桦木酸(2)具强抗 HIV 活性。相关化合物齐墩果酸(3)抗 HIV 活性较弱,但其衍生物3-O-(3′,3′-二甲基琥珀酰)-齐墩果酸(4)具强抗 HIV 活性。熊果酸与齐墩果酸的抗 HIV 活性相当,结构相似,如对     

甘草次酸C3、C30衍生物的合成及其体外抗肿瘤活性研究

目的设计并合成甘草次酸C3、C30衍生物,并对其体外抗肿瘤活性进行研究。方法以甘草次酸为先导化合物,对其C3位羟基、C30位羧基进行结构修饰,并采用SRB法对目标化合物进行体外抗肿瘤活性研究。结果设计合成了12个新型甘草次酸衍生物,并利用MS、1H-NMR及元素分析确证了结构;体外实验中,目标化合物对MCF-7和A549肿瘤细胞的抑制活性均明显强于甘草次酸,其中化合物GA-I1、GA-I2和GA-II1对MCF-7和A549两种细胞表现出很好的抑制活性,明显高于对照药吉非替尼。结论甘草次酸衍生物具有良好的抗肿瘤活性,值得进一步研究。     

青蒿素类衍生物抗炎免疫抑制活性研究进展

青蒿素类衍生物具有抗炎和免疫抑制活性。临床研究结果表明,青蒿素类衍生物对各类红斑狼疮、皮炎及关节炎有效;研究表明,青蒿素类衍生物在多种疾病动物模型上具有抗炎和免疫抑制活性。为了研究和获得免疫抑制活性更高的化合物,一系列经过结构改造后合成的新型青蒿素类化合物相继被报道。但到目前为止,有关青蒿素类衍生物免疫抑制活性的作用机制尚不清楚。本文主要综述了近年来青蒿素类衍生物抗炎和免疫抑制药理作用及其作用机制的研究进展。     

天然紫草萘醌类化合物及其衍生物的抗瘤作用研究

紫草为传统中药，具有广泛的药理作用，抗瘤作用是其中之一。由于天然紫草有效成分含量极低，抗癌活性不强，限制了临床上应用。为了提高萘醌类化合物的抗癌活性，现以紫草有效成分β，β-二甲基丙烯酰阿卡宁作为先导化合物，进行结构改造，在芳环C-6或C-7以及侧链C-11引入含巯基或含氮基团，半合成系列紫草萘醌类衍生物（SYUNZs），对这系列衍生物进行体外体内试验，进一步了解紫草萘醌类衍生物的抗癌活性与其结构的相关性，为开发高效低毒的新型紫草萘醌类抗肿瘤药物提供理论数据。     

大黄酸及其衍生物的生物活性研究进展

大黄酸是中药大黄的主要成分之一,临床可用于治疗骨关节炎、糖尿病肾病等疾病,并且具有协同抗肿瘤的作用.本文综述了大黄酸在抗炎、抗肿瘤等方面的药理活性及作用机制,并讨论了其母核取代的衍生物、氧杂蒽醌的类似物和酯衍生物的生物活性.     

Betulinic acid,a bioactive pentacyclic triterpenoid,inhibits skeletal-related events induced by breast cancer bone metastases and treatment

Many breast cancer patients experience bone metastases and suffer skeletal complications. The present study provides evidence on the protective and therapeutic potential of betulinic acid on cancer-associated bone diseases. Betulinic acid is a naturally occurring triterpenoid with the beneficial activity to limit the progression and severity of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, and obesity. We first investigated its effect on breast cancer cells, osteoblastic cells, and osteoclasts in the vicious cycle of osteolytic bone metastasis. Betulinic acid reduced cell viability and the production of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), a major osteolytic factor, in MDA-MB-231 human metastatic breast cancer cells stimulated with or without tumor growth factor-β. Betulinic acid blocked an increase in the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin ratio by downregulating RANKL protein expression in PTHrP-treated human osteoblastic cells. In addition, betulinic acid inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in murine bone marrow macrophages and decreased the production of resorbed area in plates with a bone biomimetic synthetic surface by suppressing the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and cathepsin K in RANKL-induced osteoclasts. Furthermore, oral administration of betulinic acid inhibited bone loss in mice intra-tibially inoculated with breast cancer cells and in ovariectomized mice causing estrogen deprivation, as supported by the restored bone morphometric parameters and serum bone turnover markers. Taken together, these findings suggest that betulinic acid may have the potential to prevent bone loss in patients with bone metastases and cancer treatment-induced estrogen deficiency.     

Anti-Influenza Activity of Betulinic Acid from Zizyphus jujuba on Influenza A/PR/8 Virus

Betulinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Jujube tree (Zizyphus jujuba Mill), has been known for a wide range of biological and medicinal properties such as antibacterial, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antihelmintic, antinociceptive, and anticancer activities. In the study, we investigated the antiviral activity on influenza A/PR/8 virus infected A549 human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line and C57BL/6 mice. Betulinic acid showed the anti-influenza viral activity at a concentration of 50 μM without a significant cytotoxicity in influenza A/PR/8 virus infected A549 cells. Also, betulinic acid significantly attenuated pulmonary pathology including increased necrosis, numbers of inflammatory cells and pulmonary edema induced by influenza A/PR/8 virus infection compared with vehicle- or oseltamivir-treated mice in vivo model. The down-regulation of IFN-γ level, which is critical for innate and adaptive immunity in viral infection, after treating of betulinic acid in mouse lung. Based on the obtained results, it is suggested that betulinic acid can be the potential therapeutic agent for virus infection via anti-inflammatory activity.     

HPLC-蒸发光散射检测法测定不同产地酸枣仁中白桦脂酸的含量

目的建立以高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定酸枣仁中白桦脂酸含量的方法。方法色谱柱为Agilent C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水-三乙胺(用冰醋酸调至pH=5.7,86∶14∶0.03),流速为1.0mL.min-1,柱温为25℃,进样量为20μL,漂移管温度为80℃,气体(氮气)流速为2.0L.min-1。结果白桦脂酸检测浓度在10.10~161.60μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9995,n=6);平均加样回收率为97.95%(RSD=0.25%)。结论本方法简便、准确、重现性好。     

Betulinic acid decreases expression of bcl-2 and cyclin D1, inhibits proliferation, migration and induces apoptosis in cancer cells

Betulinic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic triterpene found in many plant species, among others in the bark of white birch Betula alba. BA was reported to display a wide range of biological effects, including antiviral, antiparasitic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, and in particular to inhibit growth of cancer cells. The aim of the study was further in vitro characterization of BA anticancer activity. In this study, we demonstrated a remarkable antiproliferative effect of BA in all tested tumor cell cultures including neuroblastoma, rabdomyosarcoma-medulloblastoma, glioma, thyroid, breast, lung and colon carcinoma, leukemia and multiple myeloma, as well as in primary cultures isolated from ovarian carcinoma, cervical carcinoma and glioblastoma multiforme. Furthermore, we have shown that BA decreased cancer cell motility and induced apoptotic cell death. We also observed decrease of bcl2 and cyclin D1 genes expression, and increase of bax gene expression after betulinic acid treatment. These findings demonstrate the anticancer potential of betulinic acid and suggest that it may be taken into account as a supportive agent in the treatment of cancers with different tissue origin.     

Improved anticancer activity of betulinic acid on breast cancer through a grafted copolymer-based micelles system

Betulinic acid (3β-Hydroxy-20(29)-lupaene-28-oic acid, BA) has excellent anti-cancer activity but poor solubility and low bioavailability. To improve the antitumor activity of BA, a polyvinyl caprolactam–polyvinyl acetate–polyethylene glycol (PVCL–PVA–PEG) graft copolymer (Soluplus) encapsulated BA micelle (Soluplus-BA) was fabricated. The Soluplus-BA micelles presented a mean size of 54.77 ± 1.26 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.083. The MTT assay results showed that Soluplus-BA micelles increased the inhibitory effect of BA on MDA-MB-231 cells, mainly due to the enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the destruction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Soluplus-BA micelles induced the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) as the γH2AX foci increased. Moreover, Soluplus-BA also inhibited the tube formation and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and inhibited the neovascularization of the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). This angiogenesis inhibitory effect may be accomplished by regulating the HIF-1/VEGF-FAK signaling pathway. The in vivo study confirmed the improved anti-tumor effect of Soluplus-BA and its inhibitory effect on angiogenesis, demonstrating the possibility of Soluplus-BA as an effective anti-breast cancer drug delivery system.     

Protective effects of betulinic acid on intestinal mucosal injury induced by cyclophosphamide in mice

BackgroundBetulinic acid (BA) is a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid with a variety of biological activities. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential protective role of BA against intestinal mucosal injury induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP) treatment.MethodsMice were pretreated with BA daily (0.05, 0.5, and 5.0 mg/kg) for 14 days, then injected intraperitoneally with CYP (50 mg/kg) for 2 days.ResultsBA pretreatment reduced the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), decreased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in small intestine, increased villus hight/crypt depth ratio and restored the morphology of intestinal villi in CYP-induced mice. Moreover, BA pretreatment could significantly down-regulate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-17, IL-12 (P70) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), reduced production of chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) and regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and enhanced the levels of anti-inflammatory such as IL-2 and IL-10 in serum, and decreased the mRNA expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α in intestine of CYP-induced mice. Furthermore, RT-PCR demonstrated that BA improved intestinal physical and immunological barrier in CYP-stimulated mice by enhancing the mRNA expressions of zonula occluden 1 (ZO-1) and Claudin-1.ConclusionsBA might be considered as an effective agent in the amelioration of the intestinal mucosal resulting from CYP treatment.     

桦木酸抗炎作用与机制

目的 对桦木酸的抗炎作用与机制进行综述。方法 检索归纳有关桦木酸抗炎作用的文献,对其作用途径及机制进行了分析。结果 桦木酸对实验性炎症模型及其他模型有显著的抗炎作用,桦木酸抗炎作用机制涉及糖皮质激素受体、一氧化氮、氧化应激、免疫调节、细胞因子和黏附分子、炎性信号通路等。此外,桦木酸与其他天然产物还有协同的抗炎作用。结论 桦木酸通过多途径发挥抗炎作用,抗炎活性研究对于探讨桦木酸治疗疾病的作用机制有着重要意义。     

桦木酸抗乳腺癌的作用机制研究进展

乳腺癌是影响全球女性的最常见恶性肿瘤之一,化疗药物的耐药性已成为乳腺癌治疗中最常见的挑战之一。桦木酸是一种天然存在的三萜类化合物,具有多种药理作用。桦木酸能通过抑制乳腺癌肿瘤细胞增殖和生长、促使肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移、抑制炎症反应以及与其他药物协同抗肿瘤等多个作用机制发挥抗乳腺癌的作用,因此综述了桦木酸抗乳腺癌的作用机制,以期为桦木酸的临床使用提供参考。     

Bioactive triterpenoids from Callistemon lanceolatus

A new triterpenoid, 30-hydroxyalphitolic acid 1, and eight known triterpenoids, alphitolic acid 2, lupenol 3, 3-acetoxy-olean-18-en-28-oic acid 4, betulinic acid 5, ursolic acid 6, betulinic acid 3-O-caffeate 7, morolic acid 3-O-caffeate 8, and ursolic acid 3-O-caffeate 9, were isolated from Callistemon lanceolatus. Their structures were determined using spectroscopic techniques, which included 1D- and 2D-NMR. All compounds were evaluated for the inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide production in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Betulinic acid 3-O-caffeate 7 showed a moderate inhibitory effect on nitric oxide production with IC50 value of 15.4 μM.