红景天及其复方对小鼠运动能力和能量代谢影响的研究

为探讨红景天及其复方对运动能力和能量代谢的影响，采用小鼠游泳训练模型，观察体重等一般健康状况、游泳耐力、肝脏及肌肉中ＰＡＳ、ＳＤＨ、ＬＤＨ的组织化学反应。结果表明：红景天及其复方能改善训练小鼠整体状况，提高游泳耐力，增强ＳＤＨ、ＬＤＨ活性，促进运动小鼠肝糖元和肌糖元的分解利用和肝糖元的异生。复方红景天采用益气健脾养阴为主的原则组方，其调节整体机能，促进能量代谢，提高运动能力方面的作用有超过单味红景天的趋势。     

药物对高原人体运动时心率的影响

目的 探讨在高原低氧条件下药物对人体运动心率(HR)的影响。方法 对进驻海拔4 100 m20 d的50名健康青年随机分为服用复方红景天组、西氏胶囊组、乙酰唑胺组、吸入一氧化氮(NO)组和对照组,每组10人。在服(吸入)6 d前后的安静时、踏阶运动5min及恢复5 min时分别检测HR。结果 服药前运动5 min及恢复5 min时5组HR较安静时增高非常明显(P<0.01);服药后安静时较服药前安静时HR4组服药组降低非常显著(P<0.01);服药后运动5 min时较服药前运动5 min时HR4组服药组降低显著(P<0.05);服药后恢复5min较服药前恢复5min HR西氏胶囊组及乙酰唑胺组降低显著(P<0.05),红景天组及NO组降低非常显著(P<0.01);服药后安静时HR4组服药组较对照组降低显著(P<0.05)服药后恢复5 min时HR红景天组及NO组较对照组降低显著(P<0.05)。结论 服用红景天、西氏胶囊、乙酰唑胺及吸入NO均能有效地提高和改善低氧条件下人体运动耐力和降低HR;吸入NO和服用红景天效果更明显。     

药物对高原人体运动时血氧饱和度的影响

目的:探讨在高原低氧条件下药物对人体运动时血氧饱和度(SaO2)的影响;方法:对进驻海拔4100m 20天的50名健康青年随机分为服用复方红景天组、西氏胶囊组、乙酰唑胺组、吸入一氧化氮(NO)组和对照组,每组10人。在服(吸入)药物6天前后的安静时、踏阶运动5min时分别检测SaO2;结果:服药前运动5min时5组SaO2较安静时均降低非常显著(P<0.01);服药后运动5min时SaO2西氏胶囊和乙酰唑胺组较安静时降低显著(P<0.05),红景天组、吸入NO组及对照组降低非常显著(P<0.01);服药后运动5min时SaO2与服药前运动5min时比较,西氏胶囊组和乙酰唑胺组增高显著(P<0.05),红景天组和吸入NO组增高非常显著(P<0.01);与对照组比较,服药后安静时及运动5min时SaO2均增高显著(P<0.05);结论:服用复方红景天、西氏胶囊、乙酰唑胺及吸入NO均能有效地提高和改善低氧条件下人体运动耐力及SaO2,吸入NO和服用红景天效果更明显。     

中药"体能一号"对女子中长跑运动员机能状态影响的观察

通过对20名女子中长跑运动员服用中药“体能一号”的观察，表明人参、仙灵脾、阿胶等多味中草药配伍的营养方剂，能够减少耐力项目运动员的体脂肪率；增加血清蛋白和铁的含量，提高血色素；降低血乳酸值，增强有氧能力和无氧耐力，促进疲劳消除，改善睡眠，增加食欲，从而有利于提高了训练质量和运动成绩。     

药物对进驻高原青年睡眠剥夺及力竭运动时做功效率的影响

目的 探讨红景天与乙酰唑胺对进驻高原青年做功效率的影响。方法 将进驻海拔3700m 1个月的24名健康青年随机分为3组,每组8人,让受试者用EGM型踏车功量机做坐位踏车运动,初始负荷25 W,每3min递增25 W,直至力竭。记录运动心率及运动终止5minn时恢复心率;第2次实验为24h睡眠剥夺后;第3次实验为3组受试者分别口服三普红景天、乙酰唑胺和安慰剂20 d时;第4次实验为服药后24h睡眠剥夺后,实验方法与第1次相同。结果 红景天和乙酰唑胺组服药后与服药后睡眠剥夺后在运动功率达225W时心率较服药前、睡眠剥夺后及对照组降低,差异显著(P<0.05);红景天组和乙酰唑胺组服药后与服药后睡眠剥夺后运动终止5min时恢复心率较服药前、睡眠剥夺后及对照组明显降低,差异非常显著(P<0.01)。结论 红景天和乙酰唑胺均能改善进驻高原青年的心功能和提高做功效率,红景天药效优于乙酰唑胺。     

扶正理气中药对大强度耐力训练大鼠糖代谢某些指标的影响

以ＳＤ雄性大鼠为对象，测定了扶正理气中药对大强度耐力训练及疲劳性运动后即刻和恢复期间骨骼肌糖代谢某些指标变化的影响。结果发现：大强度耐力训练可使大鼠骨骼肌中糖厚含量和苹果酸脱氢酶（ＭＤＨ）活性提高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；磷酸果糖激酶（ＰＦＫ）活性变化不大；扶正理气中药对这些训练效果没有影响；疲劳运动后即刻肌糖原含量下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），服药组的肌糖原下降更多，但无显著性；运动后即刻ＰＦＫ活性增高（Ｐ＜０．０５），恢复３小时该酶活性下降，恢复２４小时时已降至安静水平，服药并不改变ＰＦＫ的变化趋势；ＭＤＨ活性在运动后即刻变化不大，恢复３小时时有所增加，恢复２４小时时反而明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５）；服药大鼠该酶活性在运动后即刻明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５），恢复３小时时明显高于安静值（Ｐ＜０．０５），恢复２４小时时仍较安静时高。结果提示：扶正理气中药可能有促恢复的作用。     

益气升阳、活血安神中药复方对急性耐力运动后大鼠不同脑区单胺类神经递质的影响

目的 :为运用中医药推迟或消除运动性中枢疲劳提供依据。方法 :检测大鼠端脑、间脑和脑干 5 -HT、DA和 5 -HT/DA等指标 ,探讨补充中药对大鼠急性耐力运动后及恢复期单胺类神经递质的影响。结果 :①补充益气升阳、活血安神类复方中药可使大鼠各脑区 5 -HT和DA的基础水平降低。②补充中药可使大鼠各脑区 5 -HT对急性耐力运动反应的敏感性降低 ,提示中药对推迟运动性中枢疲劳可能有一定的作用 ,但可能会对大鼠运动后的恢复质量产生负面影响 ,使运动鼠恢复期疲劳加重。③补充中药后 ,大鼠急性耐力运动后即刻各脑区DA含量变化与未服药组相比呈相反趋势 ,运动后 2 0小时亦表现出不同的变化趋势 ,这可能与中药对脑内DA的合成与分解代谢的调节有关。④中药对大鼠各脑区 5 -HT/DA比值的影响存在差异     

爱维治对冰球运动员运动能力和疲劳消除影响的临床研究

对爱维治的临床研究表明：爱维治能提高运动员血汗睾酮、血红蛋白的含量，增加最大吸氧量，对提高有氧耐力运动水平和运动后疲劳的消除有积极作用。     

复方红景天提高高原运动能力效果评价

本文通过动物实验和人体试验对以红景天为主的中药复方提高高原运动能力效果进行评价。小白鼠减压缺氧(模拟海拔10000m)游泳实验结果表明,复方红景天组的存活时间与对照组比,延长21.0％(P<0.05)。低压舱(模拟海拔4300m)人体递增负荷运动试验结果表明,复方红景天组PWC_(170)接近低氧前水平,对照组的PWC_(170)与低氧前比减少13.2％(P<0.05);前组的AT与低氧前比减少15.4％(P<0.01);后组的AT减少29.8％(P<0.05);高原现场(海拔3700m)人体运动试验结果表明,复方红景天组于服药后1、4、7天的PWC_(170)与对照组比,分别增加14.0％(P<0.01)、11.0％(P<0.05)和3.9％,综上可以看出,复方红景天能从整体水平上提高机体在低氧条件下的有氧运动能力。本文对其机理进行了初步探讨。     

补充八子补肾胶囊对男子足球运动员赛前准备期和比赛期血液生化指标和运动能力的影响

目的:观察补充八子补肾胶囊对男子足球运动员赛前准备期和比赛期血液生化指标和运动能力的影响。方法:选择16名足球专项男子运动员进行单盲、交叉实验。其中服药期各4周,清洗期2周。每周训练4天,每天进行一堂90 min训练课;每周比赛一场。服药组每天服用八子补肾胶囊的剂量为4粒/次,0.4 g/粒,2次/日;对照组服用外观相同的等量对照胶囊(安慰剂)。服药前后均进行运动能力、体成分和血液生化测试。结果:服用八子补肾胶囊受试者实验后体重、血清睾酮(T)水平和耐力运动成绩未见明显变化;体脂重量和体脂率较实验前明显降低,无氧功率显著提高(P<0.05)。服用对照胶囊受试者实验后体重、血清T水平和耐力运动成绩明显下降(P<0.05),但体脂重量、体脂率和无氧功率未见明显改变。结论:服用八子补肾胶囊能在运动员赛前准备期和比赛期间保持体重、减少体脂重量和体脂率,维持运动耐力并提高无氧运动能力,维持运动员血清睾酮水平稳定。     

Impact of intense training and rapid weight changes on salivary parameters in elite female Taekwondo athletes

The aim of this study is to examine the cumulative effects of prolonged intensive training with or without rapid weight changes (RWC) on salivary parameters of elite female Taekwondo (TKD) athletes. Ten elite female Taiwanese TKD athletes (ages: 21.3 ± 1.2 years of age, Ht 164.4 ± 5.6 cm) volunteered to participate in this study. Resting saliva samples were collected at 28‐, 14‐, 7‐, and 1 day before and 1‐, 7‐, 21 days after a national competition. The levels of salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA), cortisol, and lactoferrin were measured. In analyzing the anthropometric data, we found that a significant proportion (50%) of elite female TKD athletes had RWC shortly before and after a national competition. The participants were allocated either to the RWC or to the non‐RWC group according to their weight change profiles. Our results showed that levels of sIgA and cortisol of athletes with RWC were significantly modulated during the study period. However, athletes without RWC only showed reduced lactoferrin after competition. The results presented here demonstrate that intensive training in combination with RWC affects the mucosal immunity and disrupts the cortisol stress response of elite female TKD athletes.     

正交试验法优选F胶囊中人参总皂苷的提取工艺

 目的 优选F胶囊中人参总皂苷的提取工艺.方法 采用正交设计对人参总皂苷提取工艺进行优化,利用大孔吸附树脂分离方法,以比色法测定不同工艺提取物中人参总皂苷的含量.结果 人参总皂苷的最佳提取工艺为:60%乙醇,8倍量,提取3次,2 h/次.结论 此法简单、易行、方法重现性好,适用于工业化生产.     

Prediction of segmental parameters using the Hanavan human body model.

The Hanavan mathematical model of the human body was updated utilizing Clauser et al.'s multi-step weight distribution regression equations. The influence of these equations upon the predicted segment weights, specific gravities and principal moments of inertia of 30 adult male athletes was compared to that of Barter's regression equations employed in the original model. Both methods resulted in descrepancies between actual body weight and the predicted sum of the segment weights with Barter's equations consistently underestimating total body weight by an average of 2.03% and Clauser et al.'s overestimating it by 4.59%. Proportional distribution of the discrepancies produced corrected segment weights which were used in the Hanavan model. Clauser et al.'s equations predicted heavier trunks and thighs, and lighter heads, upper arms, forearms and hands with these differences being reflected in the specific gravities and principal moments of intertia. While it was not possible to establish the definite superiority of Clauser et al.'s equations in the prediction of body segment parameters, it is suggested from inferential evidence that they be used in subsequent biomechanical investigations of adult male athletes which involve the Hanavan model. It is also recommended that continued efforts be made to refine the Hanavan human body model.     

正加速度(+Gz)对兔眼球结膜、肠系膜、皮肤与软脑膜微循环影响及其意义

对兔离心前后进行多部位体表与内脏循环同步联合观察,证明+Gz 力引起机体微循环生物力学效应在个体组织器官问改变程度、时间和空间上不尽相同,但其基本动态变化具有同一性,而脑的微循环却保持其相对恒定性。本实验阐明:从微观动态水平上模拟航空航天环境因素生物效应实验研究,是对近代发展的高机动性能歼击机产生(H.S.G)的生理影响、病理变化、抗荷防护等研究开辟了一条新途径,这对发展现代航空航天医学具有实践意义。     

Elite athletes: Effects of the pressure to be thin

This study represented the first attempt to examine the prevalence of eating disorders in a large sample of both male and female elite athletes compared to a matched control group of non-athletes. The subjects were 263 Australian elite athletes representing a variety of sports, and 263 non-athletes. All subjects were interviewed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and completed a number of self-report questionnaires. Both male and female athletes competing in sports that emphasise a lean body shape or a low body weight evidenced a significantly higher prevalence of eating disorders and eating disorder symptoms than other athletes and non-athletes. The results suggest that athletes do, in fact, have a higher prevalence of eating disorders than non-athletes. However, it is not so much being an athlete that places an individual at increased risk for developing an eating disorder; rather it is athletes competing in sports which emphasise the importance of a thin body shape or a low body weight who appear to be particularly vulnerable.     

中药生脉饮对女子散打运动员夏训期体能与免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨夏训期服用中药生脉饮对女子散打运动员体能与免疫功能的调节机制。方法:14名女子散打运动员随机分为实验组和对照组,两组训练内容相同,实验组饮用含中药生脉饮40ml+酸梅汁160 ml的饮料,对照组只饮用酸梅汁饮料200 ml,每日上下午训练结束时各1次,持续4周。4周实验前后分别进行相关测试,包括体能测试、血常规、生化及免疫指标,采用日常训练状态监控测量表和RPE主观感觉疲劳程度评定量表进行日常机能监控。结果:饮用生脉饮4周后,实验组最大摄氧量、全力击打沙袋运动后7 min血乳酸值、IgG和IgM较实验前均有显著性差异(P<0.05);实验组和对照组肌酸激酶和血清睾酮实验前后差值比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。日常训练状态监控测量表和RPE主观感觉疲劳程度评定量表数据显示两组运动员均未出现过度疲劳。结论:夏季饮用生脉饮对女子散打运动员有氧能力有一定的促进作用,对疲劳恢复有一定的调节作用;能提高运动员免疫球蛋白含量,一定程度上增强了机体的免疫力。     

参茸三鞭丸质量标准研究

目的提高完善参茸三鞭丸的质量标准。方法采用TLC法对制剂中的淫羊藿、续断、木香进行定性鉴别;HPLC法测定处方中补骨脂的有效成分补骨脂素和异补骨脂素的含量,以甲醇-水(45∶55)为流动相,检测波长为246 nm。结果 TLC法可鉴别淫羊藿、续断、木香的特征斑点且空白无干扰;补骨脂素、异补骨脂素分别在0.0202～0.1212μg(r=0.9999,n=6)、0.0406～0.2436μg(r=0.9999,n=6)范围内呈良好线性关系,平均回收率分别为101.20%、101.39%,RSD分别为0.41%、0.48%。结论提高后的质量标准具有专属性强、准确、重复性好的特点,可用于参茸三鞭丸的质量控制。     

Physical fitness profile of elite athletes with intellectual disability

The aim of this study was to investigate the physical fitness profile of high-performance athletes with intellectual disability (ID) in comparison with able-bodied individuals. METHODS: Participants were 231 male and 82 female athletes. All evaluations were done using the EUROFIT physical fitness test. RESULTS: In comparison with population data, both male and female athletes with ID score better for flexibility and upper body muscle endurance, but have similar or lower values for running speed, speed of limb movement, and strength measures. Compared with age-matched physical education students, male athletes with ID score better for running speed and flexibility, and worse for strength. Female athletes with ID score not different from able-bodied individuals for flexibility, running speed, and upper body muscle endurance, but worse for strength measures. Athletes with ID also have poorer cardio respiratory endurance capacity compared with sportive peers without ID. Furthermore, male athletes have a more differentiated profile depending upon their sports discipline, compared with female athletes. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that high-performance athletes with ID reach physical fitness levels that are equal to or lower than those of able-bodied sportive counterparts. Further research should investigate the importance of reduced muscle strength to be the limiting factor.     

Ginseng: Is it in the root?

athletics today, there is no shortage of participants looking for an extra edge in competition. In addition, there is no shortage of nutritional supplements for athletes to use with hopes of reaping ergogenic benefits. Ginseng is and will continue to be one of these supplements consumed by athletes despite little or no scientific data to support its ergogenicity. Multiple different types of ginseng can be consumed; the most studied and most common types are Siberian, Chinese, and American. Although related, each has different active compounds, and likely, different effects on the body. There do not appear to be significant adverse effects when used for short periods, but further studies are needed to confirm this. Similarly, more studies are needed to address the ergogenic potential of ginseng. At this time, ginsengs cannot be recommended to improve athletic performance, but there may be some utility for athletes by preventing viral upper respiratory infection and improving cognition. This review evaluates recently published literature on ginseng use in athletes.     

红景天强身剂与复方丹参滴丸抗缺氧作用对比实验研究

目的 :对比红景天强身剂与复方丹参滴丸对小鼠常压缺氧条件下存活时间的影响 ,以及小鼠夹闭气管后 ,两种制剂对其心电消失时间的影响。方法 :缺氧存活实验 :将小鼠灌胃给药 13d后 ,分别放入等体积密闭容器内观察其存活时间。心肌缺氧保护实验 :将灌胃给药 6d的小鼠麻醉后分离气管 ,夹闭 ,用心电仪观察其心电消失时间。结果 :在两个实验中 ,两种药物常规治疗剂量组的各项指标均无显著性差异 ;但与生理盐水对照组比较 ,各项指标均存在显著性差异 (P<0 0 1或P <0 0 5)。结论 :两种药物均能显著延长小鼠的缺氧存活时间 ,并对心肌缺氧有保护作用。