大肠癌脑转移的临床特征及其手术治疗

目的 分析大肠癌脑转移的临床特征及其手术治疗转归. 方法回顾性分析手术治疗的大肠癌伴脑转移28例患者的临床资料,统计数据采用单因素Log-Rank分析和多因素Cox回归分析法.结果 大肠癌继发脑转移的中位年龄为57(41～75)岁,原发肿瘤与转移瘤间隔的中位时间为13.5个月,其中合并颅外(肺、肝、骨)转移占61%(17/28),仅有脑转移的占39%(11/28).脑转移瘤主要表现为头痛、呕吐等颅内压升高征候群和偏瘫、下肢乏力、失语等定位症状以及癫痫等,颅内转移瘤以单发病灶为多见,占82%(23/28),位于幕上(枕叶、顶叶、额叶)者占57%(16/28),位于幕下(小脑)者占43%(12/28);转移性脑瘤手术切除后中位生存时间为9.4个月,1年生存率为28.9%,5年生存率为7.1%.多因素分析提示颅内单发病灶转移(χ2=7.35,P<0.05)和无颅外其他部位转移(χ2=6.47,P<0.05)是大肠癌脑转移预后的独立影响因素.28例均接受手术切除和多学科协作治疗,无手术死亡和出血及再手术病例.结论 大肠癌脑转移总体预后欠佳,手术切除脑转移病灶可延长部分患者的存活时间.     

大肠癌脑转移的临床特征及其手术治疗

目的 分析大肠癌脑转移的临床特征及其手术治疗转归. 方法回顾性分析手术治疗的大肠癌伴脑转移28例患者的临床资料,统计数据采用单因素Log-Rank分析和多因素Cox回归分析法.结果 大肠癌继发脑转移的中位年龄为57(41～75)岁,原发肿瘤与转移瘤间隔的中位时间为13.5个月,其中合并颅外(肺、肝、骨)转移占61%(17/28),仅有脑转移的占39%(11/28).脑转移瘤主要表现为头痛、呕吐等颅内压升高征候群和偏瘫、下肢乏力、失语等定位症状以及癫痫等,颅内转移瘤以单发病灶为多见,占82%(23/28),位于幕上(枕叶、顶叶、额叶)者占57%(16/28),位于幕下(小脑)者占43%(12/28);转移性脑瘤手术切除后中位生存时间为9.4个月,1年生存率为28.9%,5年生存率为7.1%.多因素分析提示颅内单发病灶转移(χ2=7.35,P<0.05)和无颅外其他部位转移(χ2=6.47,P<0.05)是大肠癌脑转移预后的独立影响因素.28例均接受手术切除和多学科协作治疗,无手术死亡和出血及再手术病例.结论 大肠癌脑转移总体预后欠佳,手术切除脑转移病灶可延长部分患者的存活时间.     

Ⅳ期直肠癌的外科治疗及预后分析

目的 探讨Ⅳ期直肠癌患者原发病灶切除的价值和适应证.方法 回顾性分析1988年1月至2005年12月在外科治疗的118例Ⅳ期直肠癌患者的临床资料,将118例分为二组,手术切除原发病灶组(105例)和仅行造瘘术组(13例).采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,Log-rank检验进行统计学比较,应用Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析. 结果 118例中105例行直肠原发病灶切除,同期行转移瘤切除16例;13例行造瘘术.手术切除原发病灶组总的5年生存率为8.5%.其中同期行转移瘤切除者5年生存率31.2%,行辅助化疗者5年生存率20%.手术切除原发病灶组与造瘘组中位生存期分别为15个月、13个月(X2=0.736,P=0.778).手术切除原发病灶组中转移灶切除和转移灶未切除中位生存期分别为20个月、14个月(X2=5.382,P:0.020).手术切除原发病灶加术后全身化疗为主者中位生存期为21个月.多因素分析显示原发肿瘤分化程度、肝转移瘤最大径和全身化疗是影响直肠原发肿瘤切除预后的最主要因素. 结论 对于Ⅳ期直肠癌能同时切除原发及转移病灶的患者,外科手术治疗可延长生存时间.     

大肠癌伴同时性肝转移126例临床分析

目的探讨大肠癌肝转移的临床特点与诊治效果。方法对126例大肠癌肝转移的临床资料进行回顾性总结分析。结果大肠癌同时性切除肝转移灶的手术切除率为17.5%(22/126),同时切除肝转移灶的病例1年生存率68.2%(15/22),3年生存率为40.9%(9/22),5年生存率为18.2%(4/22);而未切除肝转移灶的病例1年生存率为54.8%(57/104),3年生存率为16.3%(17/104),5年生存率为0%,两组生存率比较差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论手术同时切除肝转移灶为大肠癌伴同时性肝转移的首选治疗方法。     

手术切除结直肠癌肝多个转移瘤的效果分析

目的对于结直肠癌患者肝内存在多个转移瘤,手术切除的价值存在争议,本文旨在研究手术切除大肠癌肝多个ΚΣ瘤的效果。方法回顾性分析1996年1月至2006年12月收治的经手术切除的结直肠癌肝转移瘤患者60例,比较肝内单个转移瘤(35例)与多个转移瘤(25例)患者临床和预后资料。结果两组均无手术死亡。多个转移瘤组和单个转移瘤组相比,手术并发症为12.0%vs11.4%(P=1.000);平均住院时间为(14.9±5.1)dvs(15.7±5.8)d(P=0.844);中位生存期为28个月vs35个月(P=0.089);中位无瘤生存期为16个月vs19个月(P=0.112);肝内复发率为72.0%vs51.5%(P=0.109)。多个转移瘤组3、5年总生存率分别是48.4%、30.8%,单个转移瘤组分别为68.6%、57.7%(P=0.165)。结论手术切除结直肠癌肝脏多个转移瘤可取得与单个转移瘤相似的效果。手术切除不应视为肝多个转移瘤的禁忌证。术后辅以全身化疗常可以改善预后。     

单发脑转移瘤的18F-FDG PET/CT显像特点

目的探讨单发脑转移瘤的18F-FDG PET/CT显像特点,以提高其诊断准确率。方法回顾性分析62例单发脑转移瘤患者的头部18F-FDG PET/CT显像资料,根据最大径将病灶分为1.0cm和≥1.0cm 2组,采用χ2检验比较2组病灶的瘤周水肿及18F-FDG摄取情况。依据CT表现将病灶分为高密度结节、等密度结节及囊性密度结节3种形式,采用χ2检验分析不同CT表现形式病灶的18 F-FDG摄取情况。结果本组62例单发脑转移瘤,发生于幕上52例(52/62,83.87%),幕下10例(10/62,16.13%)。1.0cm和≥1.0cm两组病灶的瘤周水肿差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.414,P=0.006),而18F-FDG摄取差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.647,P=0.104)。不同CT表现形式18 F-FDG摄取情况差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.480,P=0.001);大部分(11/12,91.67%)高密度结节型的病例18 F-FDG摄取不超过2级;而等密度结节型18F-FDG摄取均不低于1级,并以3级居多(17/34,50.00%);56.25%(9/16)的囊性密度结节型表现为18 F-FDG无摄取。结论单发脑转移瘤的18 F-FDG PET/CT表现形式多种多样,掌握其18 F-FDG PET/CT显像特点,有助于提高诊断准确率。     

非小细胞肺癌合并孤立性脑转移的临床治疗

目的 观察非小细胞肺癌合并孤立性脑转移原发病灶切除及脑转移灶的处理的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析非小细胞肺癌合并孤立性脑转移临床治疗37例的临床资料,其中接受开颅显微手术切除脑转移瘤加肺部原发灶的根治性切除治疗21例;接受γ-刀照射脑转移瘤加肺部原发灶根治性切除治疗16例.观察治疗后的中位生存时间和1年生存率情况.结果 中位随访时间20个月(18～26个月).显微手术切除治疗和γ-刀照射治疗的中位生存时间分别为11.8个月和12.6个月,1年生存率分别为57.14%(12/21)和56.25%(9/16).结论 对于非小细胞肺癌合并孤立性脑转移灶的病例应采取手术处理;至于脑部转移灶的处理,γ-刀的使用具有创伤小、疗程短的优越性.     

非小细胞肺癌合并孤立性脑转移的临床治疗

目的 观察非小细胞肺癌合并孤立性脑转移原发病灶切除及脑转移灶的处理的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析非小细胞肺癌合并孤立性脑转移临床治疗37例的临床资料,其中接受开颅显微手术切除脑转移瘤加肺部原发灶的根治性切除治疗21例;接受γ-刀照射脑转移瘤加肺部原发灶根治性切除治疗16例.观察治疗后的中位生存时间和1年生存率情况.结果 中位随访时间20个月(18～26个月).显微手术切除治疗和γ-刀照射治疗的中位生存时间分别为11.8个月和12.6个月,1年生存率分别为57.14%(12/21)和56.25%(9/16).结论 对于非小细胞肺癌合并孤立性脑转移灶的病例应采取手术处理;至于脑部转移灶的处理,γ-刀的使用具有创伤小、疗程短的优越性.     

非小细胞肺癌合并孤立性脑转移的临床治疗

目的 观察非小细胞肺癌合并孤立性脑转移原发病灶切除及脑转移灶的处理的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析非小细胞肺癌合并孤立性脑转移临床治疗37例的临床资料,其中接受开颅显微手术切除脑转移瘤加肺部原发灶的根治性切除治疗21例;接受γ-刀照射脑转移瘤加肺部原发灶根治性切除治疗16例.观察治疗后的中位生存时间和1年生存率情况.结果 中位随访时间20个月(18～26个月).显微手术切除治疗和γ-刀照射治疗的中位生存时间分别为11.8个月和12.6个月,1年生存率分别为57.14%(12/21)和56.25%(9/16).结论 对于非小细胞肺癌合并孤立性脑转移灶的病例应采取手术处理;至于脑部转移灶的处理,γ-刀的使用具有创伤小、疗程短的优越性.     

非小细胞肺癌合并孤立性脑转移的临床治疗

目的 观察非小细胞肺癌合并孤立性脑转移原发病灶切除及脑转移灶的处理的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析非小细胞肺癌合并孤立性脑转移临床治疗37例的临床资料,其中接受开颅显微手术切除脑转移瘤加肺部原发灶的根治性切除治疗21例;接受γ-刀照射脑转移瘤加肺部原发灶根治性切除治疗16例.观察治疗后的中位生存时间和1年生存率情况.结果 中位随访时间20个月(18～26个月).显微手术切除治疗和γ-刀照射治疗的中位生存时间分别为11.8个月和12.6个月,1年生存率分别为57.14%(12/21)和56.25%(9/16).结论 对于非小细胞肺癌合并孤立性脑转移灶的病例应采取手术处理;至于脑部转移灶的处理,γ-刀的使用具有创伤小、疗程短的优越性.     

Brain metastases from colorectal cancer: the role of surgical resection in selected patients

Aim Brain metastasis is infrequent in colorectal cancer patients, and the prognosis is poor. In this retrospective study survival and prognostic factors were determined in patients with brain metastasis from colorectal cancer. Method Between 1997 and 2006, 39 patients with brain metastasis from colorectal cancer who survived more than 1 month were identified. Data were collected with regard to patient characteristics, location and stage of the primary tumour, extent and location of metastatic disease, and treatment modalities used. Results Most (79.5%) patients had pulmonary metastases before brain metastasis, and the brain was the site of solitary metastasis in only one patient. The most frequent symptom was weakness [18 (43.6%) patients]. Overall median survival was 5.0 months and the 1‐ and 2‐year survival rates were 21.8 and 9.1%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed uncontrolled extracranial metastases (P = 0.019), multiple brain lesions (P = 0.026), bilateral brain metastases (P = 0.032) and serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels greater than 5 ng/ml (P = 0.008) to be poor prognostic factors. The median survival after the diagnosis of brain metastasis was significantly longer in patients who underwent surgical resection (15.2 ± 8.0 months) than in those treated by other modalities (P = 0.001). Treatment modality was the only independent prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with brain metastases from colorectal cancers (P = 0.015). Conclusion Aggressive surgical resection in selected patients with brain metastases from colorectal cancer may prolong survival, even in the presence of extracranial metastatic lesions.     

结直肠癌伴同时性肝转移的治疗

目的 探讨结直肠癌伴同时性肝转移患者的临床相关病理因素以及手术治疗.方法 回顾性分析1994年8月至2006年12月收治患者的临床资料及随访结果,比较结直肠癌无肝转移和有同时性肝转移患者的病理特点及不同程度肝转移患者和不同手术处理的预后.结果 2019例原发性结直肠癌患者中发生同时性肝转移者166例(8.10%).多因素分析显示:术前CEA水平、Ducks分期、肿瘤分化程度与浆膜浸润是同时性肝转移发生的高危因素;同时性肝转移术后1、3、5年生存率分别为69%、21%、9%;不同程度肝转移(H1、H2、H3)组间预后差异有统计学意义(X2=23.35,P<0.01).根治性手术切除组总体生存率明显高于姑息切除和未能切除组生存率(X2=21.18,P<0.01);姑息切除组和未切除组近期生存率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),远期生存率差异无统计学意义(P=0.13).结论 结直肠癌伴同时性肝转移患者肝转移程度不同预后也不同.能够根治性切除的结直肠癌伴同时性肝转移预后较好,姑息切除原发病灶可提高近期预后和生活质量.     

Pulmonary metastasis from colorectal carcinoma with hepatic metastasis

Objective Although some beneficial effects of surgical treatments for pulmonary or hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma have been reported, identifying candidates for these aggressive surgical procedures is controversial. In this study, patients with pulmonary metastases from colorectal carcinoma, particularly those with pulmonary and hepatic metastases, were retrospectively analyzed. Methods Forty-six patients who had undergone complete resection for pulmonary metastases from colorectal carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. Results The median follow-up period after pulmonary resection was 26 months, and the 5-year postoperative survival rate was 34%. The 5- and 10-year survival rates of patients with pulmonary metastasis alone, metachronous pulmonary metastasis after liver metastasis, and synchronous metastasis to the liver and lung were 75%, 75%, and 25% and 25%, 38%, and 0%, respectively, when calculated from the time of primary colorectal resection (P < 0.01). Patients with synchronous metastases had a poorer prognosis than did the patients in the other two groups. Conclusions Surgical treatments for patients with pulmonary metastasis alone or metachronous metastasis can provide a beneficial outcome. Patients with synchronous metastasis have a poor prognosis, and effective pre- and postoperative systemic treatments should be considered to prolong their survival.     

根治性手术切除结直肠癌肺转移灶的临床疗效及预后影响因素分析

目的探讨根治性手术切除结直肠癌肺转移灶的临床疗效及预后影响因素。方法采用回顾性队列研究方法。收集2004年1月至2015年12月北京大学肿瘤医院收治的63例结直肠癌肺转移病人的临床病理资料;男35例,女28例;年龄为(57±12)岁。病人均行原发灶和结直肠癌肺转移灶根治性R 0切除术。观察指标:(1)诊断及治疗情况。(2)随访及生存情况。(3)预后影响因素分析。采用门诊和电话方式进行随访,了解病人术后生存情况,随访时间截至2018年12月。正态分布的计量资料以x±s表示,偏态分布的计量资料以M(范围)表示。计数资料以绝对数或百分比表示。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并绘制生存曲线,单因素分析采用Log-rank检验,多因素分析采用COX比例风险模型。结果(1)诊断及治疗情况:63例结直肠癌肺转移病人中,同时性肺转移6例,异时性肺转移57例。18例病人胸部X线片检查初始发现肺部可疑转移灶,经X线计算机体层摄影术(CT)检查进一步证实为肺转移灶,45例病人胸部CT检查初始发现肺转移灶。63例病人均行原发灶和肺转移灶根治性R 0切除术。22例病人行纵隔淋巴结清扫,其中2例各有1枚纵隔淋巴结转移。所有病人术后恢复良好,未出现严重并发症。63例病人中,57例接受>6个月以氟尿嘧啶类药物为主的术后辅助化疗及靶向治疗。(2)随访及生存情况:63例病人均获得术后随访,随访时间为8~143个月,中位随访时间为58个月。63例病人中,19例死亡,24例出现二次复发,5年复发率为38.1%(24/63),复发时间为18个月(3~58个月)。24例二次复发病人中,19例发生肺转移,3例发生脑转移,2例发生骨转移,2例发生肝转移。同1例病人可同时发生多处转移。24例二次复发病人中,5例行再次手术治疗,19例行化疗和放化疗。63例病人5年总体生存率为62.7%。(3)预后影响因素分析:单因素分析结果为原发灶部位、肺转移灶数目和肺转移灶切除术前癌胚抗原水平是影响结直肠癌肺转移病人预后的相关因素(χ²=4.162、7.175、6.725,P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示:肺转移灶数目和肺转移灶切除术前癌胚抗原水平是结直肠癌肺转移病人预后的独立影响因素(风险比=2.725,2.778,95%可信区间为1.051~7.064、1.072~7.021,P<0.05)。结论根治性手术切除结直肠癌肺转移灶安全、可行。肺转移灶数目和肺转移灶切除术前癌胚抗原水平是结直肠癌肺转移病人预后的独立影响因素。     

Pulmonary Resection for Colorectal Cancer Metastases: Duration Between Cancer Onset and Lung Metastasis as an Important Prognostic Factor

Background  Pulmonary resection is the most effective treatment available for colorectal lung metastases. However, the characteristics of those patients most likely to benefit from surgical resection have not yet been adequately clarified. We have made a critical analysis for the potential prognostic factors and their clinical significance in lung metastasis from colorectal cancer. Methods  We analyzed 63 consecutive patients who underwent curative pulmonary resection for colorectal lung metastases at National Taiwan University Hospital from January 1997 to December 2006. Median follow-up was 37.3 (range 12–122) months. Disease-free and overall survival rates were evaluated by Kaplan–Meier analysis, and multivariate analyses of various prognostic characteristics were performed. Results  Overall 5-year survival and disease-free survival rates were 43.9% and 19.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the interval for development of lung metastases from primary colorectal cancer and the mode of operation were the only two independent prognostic factors for survival. With regard to disease-free survival, the interval between initial resection of colorectal cancer and following lung metastases was the only significant independent prognostic factor. Besides, subset analysis showed that the 5-year survival rate in repeated resection group for recurrence of colorectal metastasis in residual lung was 85.7%. Conclusion  Pulmonary resection, initial or even repeated resection for metastatic tumor from colorectal cancer should be encouraged for selected patients as it can significantly improve survival. Patients who have lung metastases within 1 year after primary tumor resection and those who do not undergo anatomical resection for metastatic lung tumor should be followed more carefully due to poor prognosis.     

Prognostic factors in resection of pulmonary metastasis from colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate characteristics of primary colorectal cancer and pulmonary metastases in order to identify prognostic factors for overall survival and risk factors for further intrapulmonary recurrence after resection of pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer. METHODS: Forty-nine patients who underwent resection of pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer were reviewed. The factors assessed were age, sex, pathological findings of the original colorectal cancer (depth, lymphatic invasion, venous invasion, lymph node metastasis, differentiation, Dukes' stage) and pulmonary metastasis (maximum tumour size, number of tumours, completeness of resection), serum carcinoembryonic antigen level, previous hepatectomy for liver metastases, and surgical procedure for resection of pulmonary metastasis. Overall survival and intrapulmonary recurrence were also reviewed. RESULTS: Survival rates after resection of pulmonary metastases were 78 per cent at 3 years and 56 per cent at 5 years. Solitary pulmonary metastases were significantly correlated with survival (P = 0.049). The pathological features of the primary colorectal cancer had no impact on survival. Histologically incomplete resection of pulmonary metastasis significantly correlated with pulmonary re-recurrence (P = 0.034). CONCLUSION: Long-term survival can be expected after complete resection of pulmonary metastases arising from colorectal cancer, especially in patients with a solitary pulmonary metastasis.     

多原发同时结直肠癌39例临床病理分析

目的探讨多原发同时结直肠癌的临床病理特征。方法回顾性分析39例多原发同时结直肠癌的临床资料,并与同期528例单发结直肠癌患者的临床资料进行比较。结果多原发同时结直肠癌在Dukes分期上,主癌分期明显较合并癌晚;且主癌的局部淋巴结转移及脉管浸润较合并癌多见;在病理类型上,主癌分化程度较合并癌差。多原发同时结直肠癌的腺瘤性息肉发生率（59.0%）明显高于单发结直肠癌患者（25.0%,P〈0.01）。手术前结肠镜明确为同时多原发癌的阳性率为76.9%,明显优于钡灌肠与术中探查（P〈0.01）。多原发同时癌患者的5年生存率（5.1%）明显低于单发癌者（28.2%）（P〈0.05）;行根治性手术的多原发同时癌患者5年总生存率则与单发癌患者相似（P〉0.05）;多原发同时癌接受根治性手术者的生存期明显高于姑息性手术者（P〈0.01）。Cox多因素分析显示,Dukes分期、淋巴结转移、脉管瘤栓、手术方式是影响患者生存的独立预后因素。结论多原发同时结直肠癌与单发结直肠癌的临床病理特征及预后是不尽相同的,提高多原发同时结直肠癌患者生存率的关键在于早期诊断和及时进行根治性手术切除。     

Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in metastatic pulmonary tumor from colorectal carcinoma: utility as a prognostic factor

OBJECTIVE: To define the most reliable prognostic factor, we studied the 5-year survival of patients after resection of pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer in relation to various prognostic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor expression in primary and metastatic tumors. METHODS: A retrospective study was undertaken in 49 patients who had undergone complete resection of pulmonary metastasis from colorectal carcinoma. All patients were retrospectively analyzed for sex, age, location and stage of primary tumor, number of pulmonary metastases, type of pulmonary resection, size of metastatic tumor, lymph node metastasis, and prethoracotomy carcinoembryonic antigen level. Furthermore, vascular endothelial growth factor expression of both primary and metastatic tumors was investigated. RESULTS: Overall 5-year survival was 34.3%. In the univariate analysis the number of pulmonary metastases (P =.007) and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in metastatic tumors (P =.008) and primary colorectal tumors (P =.011) were significantly associated with poor survival. In the multivariate analysis the number of pulmonary metastases (P =.0031), vascular endothelial growth factor expression in metastatic tumors (P =.0057), and stage of primary tumor (P =.0321) were characteristics that retained a significant independent prognostic effect on overall survival. A statistically significant difference was not found in the 5-year survival of patients with solitary and negative vascular endothelial growth factor expression in metastatic tumors (59.1%) versus those with multiple and positive vascular endothelial growth factor expression in metastatic tumors (10.0%; P 相似文献