悦康外感凉茶质量标准研究

目的:建立悦康外感凉茶的质量标准。方法:采用薄层色谱(TLC)法鉴别方中的大青叶、板蓝根、连翘、三丫苦、岗梅;采用高效液相色谱法测定大青叶、板蓝根中靛玉红的含量。结果:TLC的斑点清晰、分离度好。靛玉红的检测浓度在1.52～15.2μg.mL-1范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.9997);平均加样回收率为101.61%,RSD=1.41%(n=6)。结论:本方法操作简便,结果准确可靠、重现性好,所建标准可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

大青叶配方颗粒质量标准研究

目的：建立大青叶配方颗粒的质量标准。方法：采用薄层色谱法鉴别配方颗粒中的靛蓝、靛玉红,采用醇溶性浸出物测定法中的热浸法测定浸出物的含量,采用高效液相色谱法测定靛玉红的含量。结果：薄层色谱斑点清晰,分离度好;浸出物的含量限度初步拟定为应不少于12.0%;含量测定中,靛玉红在0.50-8.04μg·ml^-1质量浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 9）,平均回收率为99.41%,RSD为1.21%（n=9）,并初步确定靛玉红的含量应不得少于50.0μg/袋。结论：建立的定性定量方法操作方便、结果准确、专属性强,可用于大青叶配方颗粒的质量控制。     

板蓝根颗粒剂中靛玉红、腺苷含量测定方法学研究

目的：建立板蓝根颗粒剂中靛玉红、腺苷含量测定方法。方法：采用高效液相色谱法对板蓝根颗粒剂中靛玉红、腺苷进行了含量测定。结果：靛玉红在0.251～1.255μg范围内线性关系良好（r=0.9998）;平均回收率为98.61%,RSD为0.79%（n=5）;腺苷在38.12～190.60mg·L-1范围内线性关系良好,（r=0.9998）,平均回收率为102.80%,RSD为1.33%（n=5）。结论：高效液相色谱法对板蓝根颗粒剂中靛玉红、腺苷含量测定简便易行,准确可靠。     

上感冲剂质量标准研究

目的建立上感冲剂质量标准。方法采用薄层色谱法对处方中的板蓝根、大青叶进行定性鉴别,用高效液相色谱法测定处方中连翘中连翘苷的含量。结果薄层色谱法阴性对照无干扰;连翘苷在14.016～70.080μg/ml。表明连翘苷在范围内呈良好的线性关系（r=0.9999,n=5）,平均回收率为98.0%,RSD=0.86%（n=9）。结论所建立的方法可准确地进行定性、定量检测,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

青黛中靛玉红含量测定方法的研究

目的建立青黛中靛玉红含量的测定方法,为2005年版《中国药典》提供含量测定控制方法。方法采用薄层扫描法对青黛中靛玉红进行含量测定,以苯-氯仿-丙酮(5∶4∶1)为展开剂,λS=540nm,λR=700nm;同时,采用薄层色谱法对青黛中的靛蓝和靛玉红进行定性鉴别。结果靛玉红的回归方程为y=11.915x 1052.4,r=0.9967;平均回收率为99.40%,(n=8),RSD为3.50%。测得7批青黛样品,含量在0.161%~0.225%之间。结论该方法具有简便、迅速、灵敏、重现性好等特点,可用于控制青黛药材的质量。     

板蓝根口服液提取工艺的探讨

目的验证板蓝根口服液提取工艺的合理性。方法采用薄层色谱法及紫外分光光度过法,以靛玉红为对照品,对制剂成品板蓝根口服液进行薄层鉴别并定量测定。结果板蓝根口服液中靛玉红含量偏低,不同的提取工艺制成板蓝根溶液中靛玉红成分差异明显。结论传统水提取法制备板蓝根口服液的工艺有待改进。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方板蓝根颗粒中靛玉红含量

目的:用高效液相色谱法(HPLC法)测定复方板蓝根颗粒中靛玉红的含量.方法:用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂,甲醇-0.1%醋酸(73:27)为流动相,检测波长为544 nm.结果:线性范围为0.200 2～10.01μg/mL,r=0.999 6;平均回收率为99.94%,RSD为1.19%.结论:HPLC法简便、准确、重现性好,可用于测定复方板蓝根颗粒中靛玉红的含量.     

HPLC法测定板蓝根颗粒中靛玉红的含量

目的:建立以高效液相色谱法测定板蓝根颗粒中靛玉红含量的方法。方法:色谱柱为迪马C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(76∶24),流速为1.0mL·min-1,柱温为30℃,检测波长为289nm。结果:靛玉红进样量在0.0735~0.6125μg范围内与峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系(r=0.9999);平均加样回收率为98.78%,RSD=0.74%(n=9)。结论:本方法快速、准确,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

复方板蓝根颗粒中靛玉红的含量测定

目的测定复方板蓝根颗粒中靛玉红的含量。方法高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Hypersil BDS C18(5μm,4.6mm×250mm),柱温:35℃;甲醇-水(66∶34)为流动相;流速1mL·min-1;检测波长为292nm。结果靛玉红在进样量为0.0015～0.0375μg范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为101.06%,RSD值为0.96%。结论该法可用于复方板蓝根颗粒中靛玉红的含量测定。     

抗感利咽糖浆中靛玉红的鉴别和含量测定

［摘要］目的 建立高效液相色谱 （HPLC） 法测定抗感利咽糖浆中靛玉红的含量.方法 采用薄层色谱法鉴别抗感利咽糖浆中的板蓝根（大青叶）所含的靛玉红;采用反相高效液相色谱法测定抗感利咽糖浆中靛玉红的含量,以Dikma DiamonsilTM C18（200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm,）为色谱柱;流动相为甲醇-0.1%醋酸铵-醋酸（70：30：1）;流速1 mL·min^-1;检测波长289 nm;柱温40 ℃. 结果 HPLC法测定靛玉红可达基线分离,在1.512～24.192 μg·mL^-1范围内线性良好,线性方程：Y =1.900×107X－6.486×104（r=0.999 5,n＝5）.3次测定平均加样回收率为103.9%,RSD为1.88%.结论 该法操作简便,结果准确,重现性好,可作为该制剂的质量控制方法.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.