应用颞颌关节镜治疗颞颌关节盘前移位的临床研究

目的：探讨颞颌关节镜治疗颞颌关节不可复性盘前移位的临床应用效果。方法：对98例颞颌关节不可复性盘前移位患者分别采用颞颌关节镜进行关节盘前松解复位灌洗、关节上腔粘连松解灌洗、单纯关节上腔灌洗等治疗方法,通过观察疼痛程度、张口度及侧向运动度的改变,评价其临床疗效。结果：灌洗治疗后患者张口度、侧向运动度和疼痛程度较治疗前均明显改善。关节盘前松解复位灌洗组和粘连松解灌洗组治疗后疼痛减少值、张口度及侧向运动度增加值明显高于单纯灌洗组。关节盘前松解复位灌洗组在张口度增加值及疼痛减少值的改变优于粘连松解灌洗组。结论：关节上腔灌洗可以作为颞颌关节内紊乱疾病的有效治疗方法,而针对不可复性盘前移位的患者,颞颌关节镜下关节盘前松解复位灌洗治疗则具有更好的疗效。     

颞下颌关节灌洗术对WilkesⅢ期患者临床症状及关节盘形态影响的研究

目的 探讨颞下颌关节灌洗术对WilkesⅢ期患者治疗前及治疗后6个月临床症状及关节盘形态变化的影响。方法 选取2013年1—12月就诊患者137例,经临床及磁共振成像（MRI）检查符合颞下颌关节结构紊乱Wilkes Ⅲ期诊断,进行颞下颌关节上腔灌洗术。所有患者于术前和术后6个月分别接受临床及MRI检查,临床检查包括可视疼痛模拟标尺（VAS）测量值和张口度。MRI检查包括关节盘形态及关节上腔积液。将各指标所测得数据采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。结果 137例患者关节灌洗术后VAS均值明显降低,张口度明显增大（P<0.05）,治疗成功率为78.1%（107/137）。MRI结果显示,治疗后关节盘变形加重,然而关节腔渗液明显减少,治疗前后差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。7例患者出现关节盘双板区适应性改建,发生率为5.1%（7/137）。结论 颞下颌关节灌洗术能有效减轻疼痛,有效减少关节上腔渗液,对于WilkesⅢ期短期疗效肯定;伴随着张口疼痛、张口受限临床症状的消失,部分患者可出现双板区适应性改建;然而,随着时间推移关节盘变形有进一步加重的趋势。     

颞下颌关节紊乱病磁共振诊断的研究

目的:研究MRI对颞下颌紊乱病诊断的准确性和可信性.方法:利用MRI对19例单侧关节疼痛颞下颌关节紊乱病(TMD)患者38侧关节完成开闭口斜矢状位T1和T2加权成像,观察盘突关系、盘形态改变及关节腔内积液情况.利用关节镜诊断为金标准判定MRI诊断的准确率.同期行灌洗术治疗,分析治疗前后不同时期患者的疼痛值(疼痛直观模拟标尺VAS)变化.结果:MRI检查结果显示在患侧89.47%(17/19)显示不可复性关节盘移位,10.53%(2/19)显示可复性关节盘移位,47.37%(9/19)关节上腔前隐窝出现积液.在健侧15.79%(3/19)显示可复性关节盘移位,无不可复性关节盘移位和腔内积液出现.通过关节镜手术对患侧进行检查,关节盘移位在MRI片上均得到证实,MRI检查的准确率为100%,灌洗术后疼痛100%有显著缓解(P<0.001).结论:颞下颌关节紊乱病与关节盘移位和腔内积液密切相关,通过MRI检查可以准确有效的对颞下颌紊乱病进行诊断,灌洗术对关节疼痛治疗效果显著.     

三种方法治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病的疗效比较

目的　比较关节灌洗、关节镜和关节开放手术 3种方法治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病的临床效果。方法　应用 3种方法治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病 :关节灌洗术治疗 35例 (42侧关节 ) ,关节镜术治疗 4 2例 (5 0侧关节 ) ,关节开放手术治疗 2 8例 (2 9侧关节 ) ,并对 3种方法的疗效进行比较。结果　关节灌洗组随访 2 4～ 5 2个月 ,术后张口度平均增加 (8.1± 3.9)mm ,健侧侧向运动增加 (3.8± 1.4 )mm ,85 .7%患者疼痛缓解 ,72 .2 %杂音消失 ,总有效率为 82 .9%。关节镜组随访 2 4～ 5 6个月 ,张口度平均增加 (7.5± 3.8)mm ,健侧侧向运动增加 (4.1± 1.8)mm ,88.1%患者疼痛缓解 ,79.2 %杂音消失 ,总有效率为 85 .7%。关节开放手术组 ,随访 2 4～ 5 5个月 ,术后张口度平均增加 (8.0± 5 .1)mm ,健侧侧向运动增加 (3.7± 2 .3)mm ,92 .9%患者疼痛缓解 ,总有效率为 89 3%。 3组比较 ,张口度、侧向运动改善及疼痛缓解率均无显著差异。结论　关节灌洗术、关节镜术和关节开放手术治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病均有效 ,但关节灌洗术方法简单、损伤小 ,易于推广应用。首先应选择手术创伤小的治疗方法 ,最后才选择开放手术。     

颞下颌关节上腔封闭-扩张联合灌洗及粘弹补充治疗不可复性关节盘前移位

目的评价颞下颌关节上腔封闭-扩张术联合灌洗及粘弹补充疗法治疗不可复性关节盘前移位的临床效果.方法对29例不可复性关节盘前移位患者行关节上腔封闭-扩张治疗,3～5d后行灌洗术,结束时注入1%透明质酸钠1ml.在治疗的同时配合被动张口训练.以配对t检验对数据进行处理.结果封闭-扩张术后张口度及健侧侧向运动度较治疗前、灌洗及粘弹补充治疗术后张口度及健侧侧向运动度较灌洗术前均有显著增加(P＜0.01),疼痛基本消失.治疗过程中有5例患者出现健侧关节疼痛,经用封闭-扩张治疗后疼痛消失,张口度相应增加3～5mm.结论(1)颞下颌关节上腔封闭-扩张联合灌洗及粘弹补充疗法能有效改善不可复性关节盘前移位患者的张口度及侧向运动度,缓解关节疼痛.(2)封闭-扩张术与灌洗及粘弹补充疗法两者有互补及累加作用.(3)及时发现对侧关节的隐匿病变并进行治疗,能提高整体疗效.     

颞颌关节上腔灌洗术治疗不可复性关节盘前移位的临床研究

目的：评价颞下颌关节穿刺灌洗术治疗不可复性关节盘前移位的临床疗效。方法：关节上腔灌洗术治疗30例因不可复性关节盘前移位而引起张口受限的患者。结果：张口受限病程在6个月之内，关节冲洗疗效显著。结论：关节上腔灌洗术所需器械价廉易得，操作简单，疗效显著，在我国目前关节镜的普及率较低的情况下，具有较好的临床应用价值。     

颞下颌关节灌洗术与扩张术治疗不可复性关节盘前移位的对比研究

目的采用颞下颌关节上腔灌洗术与扩张术治疗不可复性关节盘前移位,通过对比评价两种方法的临床疗效。方法收集62例不可复性关节盘前移位引起张口受限的患者,分成两组,其中一组31例行关节上腔灌洗治疗;另一组31例行关节上腔扩张术,分析两组治疗前与治疗后1月患者张口度与疼痛值的变化情况并对其结果进行处理。结果两组患者治疗后的张口度与疼痛均较治疗前有显著改善,治疗后1个月,灌洗组患者的平均张口度增加11～34mm,达正常水平;扩张组的平均张口度增加6～29mm,仍处在张口受限的水平。两组患者张口度的改善有显著差异(P<0.01)。疼痛的改善在两组患者之间无显著差异。结论颞下颌关节灌洗术与扩张术均能改善不可复关节盘前移位患者的张口度,缓解疼痛。灌洗术的疗效较扩张术的疗效显著,不可复性关节盘前移位患者的治疗可遵循由简单到复杂,由创伤小到创伤大的顺序治疗方法。     

颞下颌关节灌洗术治疗不可复性关节盘前移位的临床研究

目的 评价颞下颌关节上腔灌洗术治疗不可复性关节盘前移位的临床疗效。方法 ３８例因不可复性关节盘多位引起张口受限的患者行关节上腔灌洗治疗,分析治疗不同时期患者的疼痛值、下颌运动度变化,通过关节造影判定治疗前后关节盘位置的变化。结果 治疗后不同时期的下颌运动均较治疗前的显著增加（Ｐ〈０．００１）,特别在治疗后１个月内增加明显,疼痛亦有显著缓解（Ｐ〈０．０１）。关节造影显示仅有２患者的关节盘部分复位。结     

透明质酸钠治疗颞下颌关节绞锁的临床研究

目的探讨透明质酸钠在治疗颞下颌关节绞锁中的应用,对治疗效果进行评价。方法对颞下颌关节结构紊乱引起的颞下颌关节绞锁的36例患者（36侧关节）,采用关节上腔注射方法,注入透明质酸钠。通过测量患者治疗前后的张口度、侧向运动度以及关节区绞锁的数据化测定,判定临床疗效。结果32例患者张口度明显改善,达正常水平,仅有4例患者疗效不理想。治疗前后张口度、侧向运动度以及绞锁的数据化测定值均有显著差异（P〈0．001）。结论颞下颌关节上腔注射透明质酸钠能有效治疗因颞下颌关节绞锁出现的临床症状,该方法操作简单,便于推广。     

颞下颌关节囊内色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的关节镜治疗

目的探讨关节镜在颞下颌关节囊内色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎诊断和治疗中的应用。方法回顾性分析在2002至2009年间接受过关节镜治疗局限于关节囊内经病理确诊为颞下颌关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的4例患者。结果4例患者中,3例为女性,1例为男性,诊断时平均年龄46岁,共同症状是张口困难和疼痛,均无耳前区肿胀或肿块。磁共振成像（MRI）和关节腔造影检查显示关节盘前移位、关节盘穿孔、髁突骨赘形成或关节腔积液。关节镜下观：1例可见关节上腔内一黄色结节和数枚软骨样游离体,其余3例患者可见上腔滑膜局部或全部呈黄色或棕色病理性增生,2例患者可见关节软骨呈退行性变。每例患者均采用局部滑膜切除术和关节面修整术,其中2例年轻患者同时进行关节盘复位缝合固定术。术后病理检查确诊为颞下颌关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎。平均随访时间为57．4个月,未见复发。结论本研究提示关节镜是诊断和治疗局限于关节囊内的色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的一种有效方法。     

A prospective evaluation of the effectiveness of temporomandibular joint arthroscopy

This is a prospective study to evaluate therapeutic arthroscopy for internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Fifty-nine patients with 76 abnormal joints were evaluated preoperatively for pain, noise, maximal incisal opening (MIO), and deviation on opening. Preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained for 29 joints. Patients were treated by superior joint arthroscopy, lysis of adhesions, lavage, and steroid injection, along with preoperative and postoperative splint and physiotherapy. Pain, noise, and motion were evaluated at three time periods: 1) early (10 to 30 days); 2) intermediate (1 to 6 months); and 3) late (greater than 6 months). At early, intermediate, and late follow-up, increase in MIO was statistically significant (P less than .05). Noise did not return in the majority of patients. Disc position, evaluated by MRI, did not appear to change in 25 of 29 joints and did not correlate with clinical outcome. The results of this study indicate that TMJ arthroscopy is effective in reducing pain and increasing motion in patients with TMJ internal derangement.     

Outcomes of office-based temporomandibular joint arthroscopy: a 5-year retrospective study

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical approach for intra-articular TMJ diseases. Office-based arthroscopy using the smallest TMJ scope allows for good visualization, as well as the ability to lavage the joint in an office setting. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of an office-based TMJ arthroscopic technique. A retrospective evaluation of 363 patients with a TMJ disorder was performed. These patients underwent office-based arthroscopy using the OnPoint 1.2 mm Scope System (Biomet Microfixation, Jacksonville, FL, USA) in Florida, USA, from July 2007. The following outcomes of the procedure were assessed: improvement in painless range of mandibular motion, pain on loading, and functional jaw pain; these were evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) over an average follow-up period of 263.81 ± 142.1 days. The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 20. Statistically significant improvements in TMJ pain and function, and other variables (P = 0.001) were shown following TMJ arthroscopic lysis and lavage. Office-based arthroscopy using the OnPoint System was demonstrated to be a safe and efficient procedure for the treatment of patients with TMJ disorders as the first level of the algorithm of care.     

Patient response to temporomandibular joint arthroscopy: preliminary findings in 24 patients

A group of 24 patients who underwent TMJ arthroscopy with lysis of adhesions and lavage of 28 joints were evaluated for changes in symptoms and mandibular opening. The mean follow-up period was 7.5 months. The results revealed a general improvement in pain, joint noise, and hypomobility following TMJ arthroscopy. Measurement of mandibular opening revealed a mean increase of 5.9 mm. These results suggest that TMJ arthroscopy appears to be an excellent modality for the palliation of symptoms of TMJ pain, joint noise, and hypomobility.     

Pre- and posttreatment analysis of clinical symptoms of patients with temporomandibular disorders.

OBJECTIVE: This study treated patients with temporomandibular disc displacement with reduction (with pain, limited mandibular movement, and clicking sound symptoms) using a combination of analgesics, injection, mandibular exercise, and occlusal splints. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Twenty-five patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders were evaluated for pretreatment complaints and clinical findings, such as TMJ sounds, mandibular deviation, limited mouth opening, and bilateral magnetic resonance imaging results. Diagnostic treatment was then planned; all patients received occlusal splints, and 10 patients received injections. RESULTS: Evaluations were conducted 1 year after the initial diagnosis and treatment. Complaints (especially of pain) by the patients who received injections had reduced significantly. After 6 months of occlusal splinting, clinical findings of patients with TMJ disc displacement had greatly improved. To manage parafunctional habits of the patients, night plate usage was continued. Therefore, clinical symptom reduction was maintained. CONCLUSION: The use of mandibular manipulation technique can decrease the anterior disc displacement of the TMJ.     

Determining predictor variables for treatment outcomes of arthrocentesis and hydraulic distention of the temporomandibular joint.

PURPOSE: Arthrocentesis and hydraulic distention of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has been described as an effective modality in the treatment of patients demonstrating clinical findings consistent with the diagnosis of disc displacement without reduction. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the clinical variable of TMJ pain chronicity and the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging variable of osteoarthrosis (OA) may predict treatment outcomes of arthrocentesis and hydraulic distention of the TMJ. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study consisted of 29 TMJ pain patients, who were assigned a unilateral clinical temporomandibular disorder (TMD) of "TMJ pain associated with an internal derangement (ID) type III (disc displacement without reduction)," and a TMJ pain side-related MR imaging diagnosis of disc displacement without reduction. Bilateral sagittal and coronal MR images were obtained immediately preoperatively to establish the presence or absence of ID and OA. TMJ pain level of function and mandibular range of motion were assessed preoperatively and compared with the respective 2-month follow-up findings. Outcome criteria of success were 1). an absence of signs and symptoms characteristic of a diagnosis of ID type III and/or 2). a reduction in pain level of 85% or greater. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to compute the odds ratio for TMJ pain chronicity (duration >6 months and <2 years) and OA for successful outcomes versus nonsuccessful outcomes. RESULTS: The pretreatment data revealed no significant relationship between the clinical disorder "TMJ pain associated with ID type III" and the MR imaging finding of OA (P =.103). At 2-month follow-up, clinical evaluation showed a significant reduction in TMJ pain during function (P =.000), a significant reduction in clinical diagnoses of TMDs (P =.000), and a significant increase in mandibular range of motion (P =.000). Significant increase in risk of a nonsuccessful outcome (pain reduction <85%) occurred with TMJ pain chronicity (odds ratio of 41.0) (P =.018). Significant increase in benefit of a successful outcome (absence of ID type III) occurred with TMJ OA (odds ratio 1:16.7, P =.06) (P =.044). CONCLUSIONS: Arthrocentesis in chronic TMJ pain patients was less successful than in nonchronic patients with regard to treatment outcome of pain reduction. Arthrocentesis in patients with TMJ OA was more beneficial with regard to the disappearance of ID type III than in non-OA patients. Predictive modeling may provide clinicians with the opportunity to identify "at-benefit" patients early and initiate specific treatments.     

Long-term evaluation of arthroscopic discectomy of the temporomandibular joint using the Holmium YAG laser.

PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to evaluate the clinical results with arthroscopic discectomy using a Holmium YAG laser for treatment of patients with pain and dysfunction and large disc perforations resulting by advanced internal derangement. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The subjects comprised 30 patients (38 joints) who underwent arthroscopic discectomy with Holmium YAG laser. All patients had chronic pain, restricted range of motion, and a diagnosis of disc perforation (Wilkes stage IV to V of internal derangement). All patients had not responded to conventional nonsurgical treatment (eg, appliance therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy) or previous temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthroscopy. All patients filled out a questionnaire preoperatively and postoperatively for assessment of their signs and symptoms. The questionnaire consisted of a visual analog scale (VAS) with items on pain and diet. RESULTS: The overall success rate for arthroscopy discectomy using a Holmium YAG laser was 93.33% (28 of 30 patients) in a mean follow-up of 31.7 months. No complications were observed in this study. Maximal interincisal opening improved from a mean of 25.40 to 39.96 mm after 18 months or more from surgery. The subjective data elicited from VAS scores showed a significant improvement in pain score, in interference of pain with normal diet, and effect of pain on life in general. All preoperative scores were significantly different from postoperative scores (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of this follow-up study, arthroscopic discectomy for treatment of large disc perforations seems to provide an effective treatment for TMJ pain and dysfunction, decreasing the pain and improving the range of motion.     

Changes in temporomandibular joint dysfunction after orthognathic surgery.

PURPOSE: We sought to evaluate the effects of orthognathic surgery on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction in patients with known presurgical TMJ internal derangement who underwent double-jaw surgery for the treatment of dentofacial deformities. Patients and Methods: Treatment records of 25 patients with magnetic resonance imaging and clinical verification of preoperative TMJ articular disc displacement who underwent double-jaw surgery only were retrospectively evaluated, with an average follow-up of 2.2 years. Signs and symptoms of TMJ dysfunction, including pain, range of mandibular motion, and presence/absence of TMJ sounds, were subjectively (visual analog scales) and objectively evaluated at presurgery (T1), immediately postsurgery (T2), and at longest follow-up (T3). Surgical change (T2-T1) and long-term stability of results (T3-T2) were calculated using the superimposition of lateral cephalometric and tomographic tracings. RESULTS: Presurgery, 16% of the patients had only TMJ pain, 64% had only TMJ sounds, and 20% had both TMJ pain and sounds. Postsurgery, 24% of the patients had only TMJ pain, 16% had only TMJ sounds, and 60% has both TMJ pain and sounds. Thus, presurgery 36% of the patients had TMJ pain, and postsurgery, 84% had pain. Average visual analog scale pain scores were significantly higher postsurgery and none of the patients with presurgery TMJ pain had relief of pain postsurgery. In addition, 6 patients (24%) developed condylar resorption postsurgically, resulting in the development of Class II open bite malocclusion. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with preexisting TMJ dysfunction undergoing orthognathic surgery, particularly mandibular advancement, are likely to have significant worsening of the TMJ dysfunction postsurgery. TMJ dysfunction must be closely evaluated, treated if necessary, and monitored in the orthognathic surgery patient.