基质金属蛋白酶-9和组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1在食管鳞癌中的表达

目的探讨基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）和组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1（TIMP-1）在食管鳞癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法用免疫组化和Western blot法分别检测41例食管鳞癌患者的癌及相应正常组织中MMP-9和TIMP-1的表达变化。结果食管鳞癌组织中MMP-9阳性表达率与食管癌淋巴结及静脉转移有关；MMP-9的阳性表达率与表达量均显著高于TIMP-1；MMP-9和TIMP-1的表达呈负相关。结论MMP-9与食管鳞癌的侵袭转移有关，其机制可能与食管鳞癌组织中的MMP-9／TIMP-1平衡失调有关；MMP-9与TIMP-1联合检测有助于食管鳞癌生物学行为的判断。     

胰腺癌组织中MMP-2、MMP-9的表达

目的 检测胰腺癌组织基质金属蛋白酶( MMP-2,MMP-9)的表达,分析其与临床病理特征的关系.方法 应用免疫组化SP法检测30例胰腺癌及配对癌旁胰腺组织以及11例慢性胰腺炎、6例正常胰腺组织中MMP-2、MMP-9的表达,运用统计软件SPSS 12.0分析其与临床病理特征的相关性.结果 正常胰腺组织均无MMP-2及MMP-9的表达.慢性胰腺炎组织MMP-2、MMP-9的阳性表达率均为18.2％ (2/11).胰腺癌组织MMP-2、MMP-9的阳性表达率分别为63.3％ (19/30)和56.7％ (17/30);配对癌旁组织的阳性表达率分别为23.3％ (7/30)和40.0％( 12/30).胰腺癌组织的MMP-2及MMP-9阳性表达率均显著高于配对癌旁组织(P＜0.05);胰腺癌组织及癌旁组织中MMP-2及MMP-9的表达均显著高于慢性胰腺炎组织和正常胰腺组织(P值均＜0.05).MMP-2、MMP-9的表达与胰腺癌临床分期、肿瘤大小、分化程度及淋巴结转移相关.结论 胰腺癌组织中MMP-2、MMP-9呈高表达,其高表达与肿瘤的恶性程度相关.     

COX-2和MMP-9在食管鳞癌组织中的表达及其与血管生成的关系

目的: 观察食管鳞癌组织、癌旁正常黏膜中环氧化酶-2(COX-2)及基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)的表达及其与微血管密度(MVD)的关系, 探讨COX-2和MMP-9对食管鳞癌血管生成的作用与意义.方法: 应用SP法对90例食管鳞癌组织和34例癌旁正常黏膜的COX-2、MMP-9及CD34进行免疫组织化学染色, 检测癌组织、癌旁正常食管黏膜组织的COX-2与MMP-9表达及MVD, 并分析COX-2、MMP-9的表达与MVD之间, 以及他们与食管鳞癌临床病理特征之间的关系.结果: 食管鳞癌组织中COX-2、MMP-9的阳性表达率和MVD分别为84.8%、82.2%和29.70±3.82, 显著高于癌旁正常黏膜的20.6%、14.7%和15.1±2.38. COX-2的表达与肿瘤的TNM分期、分化程度和淋巴结转移密切相关( P<0.01). MMP-9、MVD的表达与肿瘤的TNM分期和淋巴结转移密切相关( P<0.01);COX-2表达与MVD呈显著正相关( r = 0.607,P<0.01); COX-2与MMP-9的表达正相关( r =0.740, P<0.01); MMP-9的表达与MVD值之间呈正相关( r = 0.718, P<0.01).结论: COX-2与MMP-9异常表达在食管鳞癌的血管生成中起重要作用, COX-2、MMP-9及其诱导的血管生成与食管鳞癌的侵袭和转移密切相关.     

食管鳞癌中RECK和MMP-9蛋白表达的相关性及临床病理意义

目的:探讨RECK及基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)表达与食管癌发生、发展及浸润、转移的关系.方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测62例食管鳞癌组织、31例癌旁不典型增生组织及62例正常食管黏膜组织中RECK及MMP-9蛋白表达.采用X2检验进行统计学分析.结果:食管鳞癌组织中RECK和MMP-9蛋白表达与癌的组织学分级、浸润深度及淋巴结转移密切相关(χ2=10.422,8.550,4.751;χ2=8.447,14.333,5.373;均P＜0.05).在食管鳞癌癌变过程中RECK蛋白表达在癌组织、癌旁不典型增生组织及正常黏膜组织中的表达率依次增高,分别为59.7%,71.0%,85.5%,组间比较有明显差异(P＜0.01);而MMP-9蛋白在癌组织、癌旁不典型增生组织及正常黏膜组织中的表达率依次降低,分别为80.6%,80.6%,27.4%,组间比较有明显差异(P＜0.01).结论:RECK和MMP-9在食管癌的浸润、转移及黏膜上皮癌变过程中起重要作用,RECK及MMP-9的联合检测可望成为食管鳞癌早期诊断和判断预后的分子指标之一.     

食管鳞癌组织中巨噬细胞移动抑制因子、金属蛋白酶-9和血管内皮生长因子的表达意义

目的探讨食管鳞癌组织中巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MIF)、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-9和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达情况及临床意义。方法选择自2008年9月至2012年7月62例资料完整的食管鳞癌患者的病理切片,另选取相同病理癌变旁边正常组织作为对照组,采用Eli Vision TM免疫组织化学法检测MIF、MMP-9和VEGF在食管鳞癌组织中的表达,与食管鳞癌临床参数进行统计分析,并分析三者之间的相关性。结果食管鳞癌组织中MIF、MMP-9及VEGF的阳性表达率明显高于对照组(P0.05)。MIF、MMP-9及VEGF在食管鳞癌组织中的表达与分化程度、淋巴道转移、病理分期(c TNM)及浸润深度有关(P0.05)。MIF与MMP-9及VEGF在食管鳞癌组织中的表达均呈正相关(P均0.05)。结论MIF、MMP-9和VEGF在食管鳞癌组织中高表达,并且三个因子之间具有显著的线性关系,可以通过检测三个因子的表达来诊断食管鳞癌。     

食管鳞状细胞癌组织中转移抑制基因、基质金属蛋白酶-2的表达及临床意义

目的探讨食管鳞状细胞癌组织中转移抑制基因(nm23-H1)、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)蛋白的表达及其临床意义。方法选取手术切除并经病理学证实的食管鳞状细胞癌标本30例及正常食管黏膜标本30例,采用免疫组化S-P法检测nm23-H1、MMP-2蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌组织和正常食管黏膜中的表达。结果 nm23-H1蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌中的阳性率为43.3%(13/30),在正常食管黏膜组织中的阳性率为100%(30/30),两者间差异显著(χ2=22.083,P0.05)。MMP-2蛋白在食管鳞状细胞癌中的阳性率为90.0%(27/30),在正常食管黏膜组织中的阳性率为33.3%(10/30),两者间差异显著(χ2=28.370,P0.05);nm23-H1、MMP-2在食管鳞癌中的表达与患者性别、年龄及肿瘤大小无关(P0.05),与肿瘤的分化程度、浸润深度及有无淋巴结转移有关(P0.05);nm23-H1的表达与切端癌残留有关(P0.05),MMP-2的表达与切端癌残留无关(P0.05);食管鳞状细胞癌中nm23-H1与MMP-2的表达呈负相关性。结论 nm23-H1、MMP-2均在食管癌的发生发展过程中发挥作用,均可促进远处转移的发生;nm23-H1的表达缺失可能与切端癌残留有关;nm23-H1、MMP-2可作为判断食管癌转移及预后的指标。     

食管癌MMP基因高表达与临床病理特征的关系

目的:探讨MMP-2,MMP-7,MMP-9基因在食管癌和癌旁组织中的表达以及与食管癌各临床病理指标之间的关系.方法:采用RT-PCR方法分别检测48例食管癌及癌旁组织MMP-2、MMP-7、MMP-9mRNA的阳性表达率及含量.结果:在食管癌组织中MMP-2,MMP-7,MMP-9的阳性表达率分别为81.3%,62.5%和75.0%,明显高于癌旁组织的58.3%,18.8%和52.1%,两两比较差异均有显著性(χ2=5.978,19.045,5.440;P<0.05-0.001).MMP-2,MMP-7,MMP-9表达与肿瘤的大小(r=0.84,0.70,0.48;P<0.05-0.001)、分化高低(r=0.89,0.57,0.91;P<0.05)及临床分期(r=0.81,0.73,0.61;P<0.05)有关,MMP-2mRNA表达量的高低与淋巴结是否转移有关(r=0.048,P<0.05).结论:食管癌组织MMP-2,MMP-7,MMP-9高表达与食管癌的发生、发展及淋巴结转移有关,可作为预测肿瘤转移潜能的指标.     

环氧合酶-2、基质金属蛋白酶-9和核增殖抗原在胃癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨环氧合酶-2(COX-2)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)及核增殖抗原(Ki67)在胃癌中的表达与胃癌发生、浸润和转移的关系.方法 选择2003年1月至2005年12月手术切除、病理证实的胃癌存档蜡块标本58例,其中男37例,女21例.年龄31～76岁,中位年龄58.2岁.另取上述胃癌根治术患者距肿瘤5～6 cm的癌旁组织作对照.采用免疫组化法检测胃癌组织中COX2、MMP-9、Ki67的表达.结果 COX-2、MMP-9在胃癌组织中的表达率分别为82.76%和68.9%,均高于对照组(37.93%和24.14%,P＜0.01).COX-2、MMP-9的表达与胃癌患者性别、年龄、部位及大小无相关性(P＞0.05),与胃癌浸润深度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期有关(P＜0.05),MMP-9还与胃癌分化程度相关(P＜0.05).COX-2与MMP-9在胃癌组织中的表达有相关性(P＜0.05,C=0.359).MMP-9、COX-2表达阳性者Ki67表达水平高于阴性者,两者间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 COX-2、MMP-9、Ki67在胃癌浸润、转移过程中起重要作用,共同促进肿瘤的发生、发展.     

MMP-2、MMP-9在胃癌组织中的表达及相关性分析

目的 研究基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、-9在胃癌组织中的表达及相关性.方法 采用免疫组化法观察60例胃癌及20例胃正常黏膜石蜡标本中MMP-2、-9蛋白的表达情况.结果 MMP-2在胃癌组织中的表达率为75%,MMP-9在胃癌组织中的表达率为68.3%,均显著高于周围正常组织(P<0.05).MMP-2和-9的表达与胃癌的浸润深度、淋巴结转移及肿瘤临床分期相关(P<0.05).且MMP-2的表达与MMP-9的表达呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 MMP-2和-9在胃癌组织中显著高表达,与胃癌的浸润转移相关,其异常表达可能共同参与胃癌的发生、发展过程,检测MMP-2、-9可作为反映胃癌病理学特点的参考指标.     

骨桥蛋白和基质金属蛋白酶-2在老年非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其相关性

目的 探讨骨桥蛋白(OPN)和基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)在老年非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的表达及其相关性.方法 采用免疫组化法对2007年8月至2012年8月入住该院的32例正常肺组织、32例非典型增生肺组织以及38例NSCLC组织中OPN与MMP-2的表达情况进行检测.结果 OPN在正常肺组织、非典型增生肺组织及NSCLC组织中的表达逐渐增强,三组两两之间的差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);MMP-2在NSCLC组织中的表达明显高于正常肺组织与非典型增生肺组织(P＜0.01),而MMP-2在后两者间表达的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).OPN与MMP-2的阳性表达率与患者的TNM分期、淋巴结转移具有密切关系(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01).根据Kaplan-Meier生存率曲线,OPN与MMP-2阳性组5年生存率明显小于阴性组(P＜0.001).结论 OPN与MMP-2为NSCLC的负性预后因子,即OPN与MMP-2阳性表达患者预后不佳.     

1-Naphthyl isocyanate and 1-naphthylamine as metabolites of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate

Abstract: The importance of the bioactivation of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate was studied. Forty minutes after 1-naphthylisothiocyanate administration to rats, bile was collected over a 2.5-h period; the liver was then excised and homogenized. 1-naphthylisothiocyanate and its metabolites in bile and liver of rats were identified and quantified using coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Three main compounds were found in all 1-naphthylisothiocyanate-treated animals. They were identified as 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 1-naphthylamine and the parent compound, 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. When rats were given cycloheximide, which attenuates 1-naphthylisothiocyanate toxicity, 30 min before 1-naphthylisothiocyanate (300 mg/kg), 1-naphthyl isocyanate concentration was significantly lower than in rats receiving only 1-naphthylisothiocyanate. The appearance of 1-naphthylamine was also inhibited by cycloheximide, although not to the same extent as 1-naphthyl isocyanate. On the other hand, phenobarbital, which potentiates 1-naphthylisothiocyanate hepatotoxicity, enhanced 1-naphthyl isocyanate and 1-naphthylamine formation. It is suggested that 1-naphthyl isocyanate, 1-naphthylamine and the highly reactive sulfur released from 1-naphthylisothiocyanate might be involved in the hepatotoxic effect of 1-naphthylisothiocyanate.     

Cytochrome 1A1 and 1B1 gene diversity in the Zanzibar islands

Amodiaquine (AQ) is a 4‐aminoquinoline widely used in the treatment of malaria as part of the artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). AQ is metabolised towards its main metabolite desethylamodiaquine mainly by cytochrome P450 2C8 (CYP2C8). CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 play a minor role in the metabolism but they seem to be significantly involved in the formation of the short‐lived quinine‐imine. To complete the genetic variation picture of the main genes involved in AQ metabolism in the Zanzibar population, previously characterised for CYP2C8, we analysed in this study CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 main genetic polymorphisms. The results obtained show a low frequency of the CYP1A1*2B/C allele (2.4%) and a high frequency of CYP1B1*6 (approximately 42%) followed by CYP1B1*2 (approximately 27%) in Zanzibar islands. Genotype data for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 show a low incidence of fast metabolisers, revealing a relatively safe genetic background in Zanzibar’s population regarding the appearance of adverse effects.     

Genetic link with cholelithiasis among pediatric SCA Tunisian patients: Examples of UGT1A1, SLCO1A2 and SLCO1B1

Aims and background: Hyperbilirubinemia is often observed in chronic hemolysis and results in the formation of pigment cholelithiasis that could be increased by the presence of defected enzymes involved in the bilirubin metabolism. Indeed, this is the first report that interested in the study of polymorphisms in genes encoded for enzymes involved in the bilirubin metabolism: rs 4149056 of SLCO1B1 and rs4149000 of SLCO1A2 in combination with rs8175347 and rs887829 of UGT1A1 in order to find a correlation between the polymorphisms studied and the presence of gallstones in a population of sickle cell anemia (SCA) pediatric Tunisians.

Material and methods: Our study involved 102 unrelated Tunisian subjects. All SCA patients are children (less than 16 years old) and were characterized by hyperbilirubinemia and 52 of them have cholelithiasis. The polymorphisms of the candidate genes were analyzed for all subjects by PCR/sequencing. Genotype and allele frequencies between cases and controls were compared using Pearson's chi-square test with a significance threshold of P?<?0.05 (compare 2, version 1.02).

Results: The novelty of this report is that children carrying the combined genotype of the rs studied: (TA7TA7)/TT/TC/GA have a higher risk to develop gallstones (P?=?0.0027, RR?=?18.27 (20.0061–915.28)).

Conclusion: Altogether our data provide the implication of UGT1A1 and SLCO1A2 in sickle cell anemia-related cholelithiasis.     

PD-1/PD-L1抑制途径与自身免疫性糖尿病

PD-1(CD279)是一种负性协同刺激分子,属于CD28超家族成员,呈诱导性表达于活化的T、B和自然杀伤细胞表面.PD-L1(B7-H1,CD274)和PD-L2(B7-DC,CD273)是PD-1的两个配体.PD-1和PD-L1相互作用可以使活化的自身反应性T细胞获得负性信号,抑制其对自身抗原持续的免疫应答.若PD...     

Pandemic H1N1 influenza

The 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus that has targeted not only those with chronic medical illness, the very young and old, but also a large segment of the patient population that has previously been afforded relative protection - those who are young, generally healthy, and immune naive. The illness is mild in most, but results in hospitalization and severe ARDS in an important minority. Among those who become critically ill, 20-40% will die, predominantly of severe hypoxic respiratory failure. However, and potentially in part due to the young age of those affected, intensive care with aggressive oxygenation support will allow most people to recover. The volume of patients infected and with critical illness placed substantial strain on the capacity of the health care system and critical care most specifically. Despite this, the 2009 pandemic has engaged our specialty and highlighted its importance like no other. Thus far, the national and global critical care response has been brisk, collaborative and helpful - not only for this pandemic, but for subsequent challenges in years ahead.     

甲型H1N1与季节性H1N1流感病毒血凝素基因比较分析

目的分析泰安市2008～2009年度季节性流感与2009年度甲型H1N1流感病原学检测结果 ,比较季节性H1N1与甲型H1N1血凝素基因变异情况。方法选择国家级流感监测哨点医院以及暴发疫情的疫点,采集流感样病例的鼻咽拭子标本,通过RealtimePCR进行病毒检测,用MDCK细胞进行病毒分离,通过RT-PCR扩增血凝素HA1片段的基因并测序,利用生物信息学进行序列分析。结果 2008～2009年共检测鼻咽拭子标本283份,分离出流感病毒33株,分离阳性率为11.67%,其中季节性H1N1亚型31株。2009年5月1日～12月31日,检测鼻咽拭子标本996份,流感核酸检测阳性417份,阳性率为41.86%,其中甲型H1N1337份,季节性H1N1亚型1份。6株季节性H1N1病毒均在多个氨基酸位点上发生变异,与疫苗株A/Brisbane/59/2007(H1N1)比较,有11个位点发生了突变,其中5个位点位于抗原决定簇上;测序成功的6株甲型H1N1病毒在多个氨基酸位点发生变异,与疫苗株A/California/07/2009(H1N1)比较,有6个位点发生突变,其中1个位点位于抗原决定簇的B区。结论 2008～2009年度季节性H1N1为优势株,甲流暴发后,甲型H1N1成为绝对优势毒株。季节性H1N1分离株有多处氨基酸替换,抗原决定簇B区变异频繁;甲型H1N1病毒分离株的基因有变异,但关键位点第222位仍为D(天冬氨酸),与疫苗株相比抗原决定簇的关键位点变化不大。     

Role of CYP2D6, CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTT1, and GSTM1 genes in the susceptibility to acute leukemias

Acute leukemias (ALs) are heterogeneous diseases. Functional polymorphisms in the genes encoding detoxification enzymes cause inter-individual differences, which contribute to leukemia susceptibility. The CYP2D6, CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTT1, and GSTM1 polymorphisms in ALL (n = 156) and AML (n = 94) patients and 140 healthy controls were genotyped by PCR and/or PCR-RFLP using blood or bone marrow samples. No association was observed between the GSTT1 gene deletion and patients (OR = 0.8, 95% CI = 0.4-1.7 for AMLs and OR = 0.9, 95% CI = 0.5-1.6 for ALLs). Patients with ALL and AML had a higher prevalence of the GSTM1 deletions compared to controls but only the difference among adult AML patients (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.0-4.2) was statistically significant. The CYP2D6*3 variant allele frequency was lower in the overall acute leukemia patients (0.6%) compared to controls (P = 0.03). CYP2D6*1/*3 genotype frequency also showed a protective association in AML patients (OR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01-1.7; P = 0.04). We also found a risk association for CYP2E1*5 in ALL and AML (OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.4-9.4 and OR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.4-10.5, respectively). No association was found for the studied CYP2D6*4, CYP1A1*2A, and GSTT1"null" variants and the risk of acute leuke-mia (ALL or AML). This case-control study suggests a contribution of CYP2E1, CYP2D6, and GSTM1 "null" variants to the development of acute leukemias.     

Inhibition of procarcinogen-bioactivating human CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 enzymes by melatonin

Abstract:  Administration of melatonin to rodents decreases the incidence of tumorigenesis initiated by benzo[ a ]pyrene or 7,12-dimethylbenz[ a ]anthracene, which requires bioactivation by cytochrome P450 enzymes, such as CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, to produce carcinogenic metabolites. The present study tested the hypothesis that melatonin is a modulator of human CYP1 catalytic activity and gene expression. As a comparison, we also investigated the effect of melatonin on the catalytic activity of CYP2A6, which is also a procarcinogen-bioactivating enzyme. Melatonin (3–300 μ m ) decreased 7-ethoxyresorufin O -dealkylation catalyzed by human hepatic microsomes and recombinant CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, whereas it did not affect coumarin 7-hydroxylation catalyzed by hepatic microsomes or recombinant CYP2A6. Melatonin inhibited CYP1 enzymes by mixed inhibition, with apparent K _i values (mean ± S.E.M.) of 59 ± 1 (CYP1A1), 12 ± 1 (CYP1A2), 14 ± 2 (CYP1B1) and 46 ± 8 μ m (hepatic microsomes). Additional experiments indicated that melatonin decreased benzo[ a ]pyrene hydroxylation catalyzed by hepatic microsomes and CYP1A2 but not by CYP1A1 or CYP1B1. Treatment of MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells with melatonin (up to 300 μ m ) did not affect basal or benzo[ a ]pyrene-inducible CYP1A1 or CYP1B1 gene expression. Consistent with this finding, melatonin did not influence reporter activity in aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent pGudluc6.1-transfected MCF-10A cells treated with or without benzo[ a ]pyrene, as assessed in an in vitro cell-based luciferase reporter gene assay. Overall, melatonin is an in vitro inhibitor of human CYP1 catalytic activity, and it may be useful to develop potent analogues of melatonin as potential cancer chemopreventive agents that block CYP1-mediated chemical carcinogenesis.