心电图ST-T异常改变与心脑血管事件的关系

目的评价35～60岁工人、农民人群中ST-T异常改变与心脑血管病事件的关系。方法分析2123例人群的调查和随访资料(除外心绞痛、心梗、脑卒中),心电图按标准化方法(同步12导)ST段上移在肢体导联>0.1mV,V2～3导联>0.2～0.3mV,下移>0.05mV为异常,T波低平<同导联R/10或T波倒置为异常。结果ST-T异常的发病率在农村人群>城市人群,女性>男性,T波异常的改变明显多于ST段异常,ST-T异常组与心脑血管病事件的发病率为97.5/万。结论在冠心病发病率较低的我国人群,ST-T异常同样增加冠心病事件和脑血管病事件发病危险性。     

非ST段抬高性急性冠状动脉综合征介入治疗的远期随访

目的　探讨非ST段抬高性急性冠状动脉 (冠脉 )综合征介入治疗的远期疗效。方法　对 1991年 1月至 2 0 0 0年 1月 2 2 4例进行冠脉介入治疗的病人进行了随访研究 ,随访时间 10～ 10 8个月 ,平均 ( 32 4± 19 5 )个月。根据临床资料分非ST段抬高性急性冠脉综合征组 (n =12 6 )和稳定型心绞痛组 (n =98)。将全部病例的随访情况进行了对比研究。结果　非ST段抬高性急性冠脉综合征组和稳定型心绞痛组之间的胸痛 ( 0 71± 0 79和 0 36± 0 5 7,P >0 0 5 ) ,气急、气短 ( 0 2 4± 0 4 8和 0 13± 0 34,P >0 0 5 )和心悸症状 ( 0 89± 1 0 3和 0 36± 0 5 7,P >0 0 5 )的积分差异无显著性。两组间超声心动图局部室壁运动异常发生率 ( 6 5 %和 5 9% ,P >0 0 5 )和次极量负荷实验阳性率 ( 19%和 13% ,P>0 0 5 )差异无显著性 ,两组的无心脏事件生存率和死亡率差异无显著性 ( 6 2 %和 91% ,P >0 0 5 ;5 %和 1% ,P >0 0 5 )。两组患者的主观满意率分别是 84 %和 94 % (P >0 0 5 )。结论　非ST段抬高性急性冠脉综合征的介入治疗可获得较好的远期效果 ,并与稳定型心绞痛的介入治疗效果相同。     

老年患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗围手术期出血与术后1年预后的关系

目的 探讨老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)围手术期出血与术后1年主要不良心血管事件的关系.方法 2006年6月至2011年8月,前瞻性纳入在阜外心血管病医院行PCI的老年(≥75岁)冠心病患者1 105例.将患者分为出血组(围手术期发生出血,共153例)和无出血组(围手术期无出血,共952例).利用Cox比例风险回归模型分析出血与术后1年死亡和心肌梗死复合终点的关系.结果 出血学术研究联合会(BARC)2级出血比例为9.5％(105/1 105),≥2级出血比例为11.8％ (130/1 105);穿刺点相关出血占所有出血的62.7％(96/153).出血组术后1年死亡和心肌梗死复合终点事件率高于无出血组[9.2％(14/153)比4.2％(40/952),P=0.008],心原性死亡比例也高于无出血组[3.9％ (6/153)比0.8％(8/952),P=0.007],而非心原性死亡比例两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.360).Cox比例风险模型分析显示,以无出血为对照,BARC≥2级出血术后1年死亡和心肌梗死复合终点的HR值为2.368(95％ CI:1.201-4.669,P=0.013).结论 PCI围手术期出血是≥75岁冠心病患者术后1年死亡和心肌梗死复合事件的独立危险因素.     

心率与全因死亡及冠心病事件关系的队列人群研究

目的 了解中国成年健康人群心率的分布状况,评估不同心率水平与死亡和冠心病事件的关系.方法资料来源于中美心肺血管病流行病学合作研究.研究人群为北京和广州的工人和农民人群,入选时年龄范围为35～59岁.从1983和1984年开始进行基线调查,每2年进行1次终点事件随访,2005年结束研究.以12导联静息心电图连续5个RR间期计算心率.终点事件包括全因死亡及冠心病首发事件.结果进行资料分析的人群共9856名,其中男性4805名,女性5051名.平均随访16.2年.静息时平均心率男性为67.9次/min,女性为71.6次/min(P＜0.01).随着年龄的增加,男女性的心率均显著增加.队列人群中发生全因死亡1523例,冠心病事件200例.Cox回归分析显示,在控制年龄、血糖、血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、体质指数、收缩压和舒张压后,以心率60～89次/min为对照组,心率＜50次/min、50～59次/min、90～99次/min和≥100次/min组的全因死亡相对危险度(95%可信区间)依次为0.76(0.49～1.17)、0.87(0.75～1.02)、1.33(1.06～1.68)和1.48(1.03～2.14).心率与冠心病事件无明显相关(P＞0.05).结论心率≥90次/min的人群发生全因死亡的危险明显增加.     

体质指数与冠心病、脑卒中发病的前瞻性研究

目的　探讨体质指数水平与冠心病事件和脑卒中发病的关系。方法　 1982～ 1985年在我国不同地区的 10组人群中 (年龄 35～ 5 9岁 )进行心血管病危险因素调查 ,对其中无脑卒中、无心肌梗死及无恶性肿瘤史的研究对象随访至 1999～ 2 0 0 0年 ,登记并核实冠心病事件、脑卒中事件的发生情况以及各种原因的死亡。结果　对共计 2 4 90 0人 ,平均 15 2年的随访中 ,共发生冠心病事件 2 5 3例 ,脑卒中事件 797例 ,其中缺血性脑卒中 4 5 3例 ,出血性脑卒中 311例。用Cox比例风险回归模型(调整年龄、性别、收缩压、血清总胆固醇水平、吸烟和饮酒情况 )估计低体重组 (BMI<18 5 )、正常体重组 (BMI为 18 5～ 2 3 9)、超重组 (BMI为 2 4～ 2 7 9)和肥胖组 (BMI≥ 2 8)发生冠心病事件的相对危险分别为 0 70、1 0、1 33和 1 74 ,缺血性脑卒中的相对危险分别为 0 5 6、1 0、2 0 3和 1 98。与非超重者相比 ,超重和肥胖者冠心病事件和缺血性脑卒中事件的归因危险度百分比分别为 32 0 %和 5 3 3% ,人群归因危险度百分比分别为 7 3%和 16 1%。结论　体质指数与冠心病事件、缺血性脑卒中的发病危险呈明显的正关联。控制体重、降低超重和肥胖率应是预防冠心病和缺血性脑卒中的重要措施。     

如何理解ALLHAT降脂治疗的结果?

在ALLHAT (Theantihypertensiveandlipid lowingtreatmenttopreventheartattacktrial)入选的高血压患者中 ,10 35 5例低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C) 12 0～ 189mg/dl(如果已患有冠心病者 ,10 0～ 12 9mg/dl) (1mg/dl =0 0 2 6mmol/L) ,甘油三酯 (TG)低于 35 0mg/dl(1mg/dl=0 0 113mmol/L) ,被开放随机分别接受普伐他汀 (4 0mg/d)或常规治疗 ,平均随访 4 8年。主要终点为总死亡率 ,次要终点包括联合计算非致死性心肌梗死或致死性冠心病 (冠心病事件 )、不同原因的死亡和癌症。试验中 ,常规治疗组中已患有冠心病的患者中的 32 %和无冠…     

中国冠心病二级预防研究

目的判定在与西方人群相比血清胆固醇水平相对较低的中国冠心病患中,通过血脂康调整血脂能否降低各种冠心病相关事件的危险性,并判定对各种原因死亡的影响。方法本研究为多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的长期随访临床试验,研究时间从1996年5月至2003年12月,在中国19个省市自治区的65家临床协作医疗中心,对4870例血清总胆固醇水平在4．40～6．47mmol／L(170～250mg/d1)之间、年龄在18～75岁,有明确心肌梗死史的中国冠心病患进行了平均4年的随访观察,以比较血脂康胶囊0．6g,2次／d与安慰剂的作用。主要终点为冠心病事件,包括非致死性心肌梗死及冠心病死亡,次要目标为能否减少非心血管病事件如肿瘤、脑卒中、自杀、经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)和(或)冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)需求以及总死亡。结果主要终点在血脂康治疗组的发生率为5．72％,安慰剂对照组为10．41％,治疗组相对危险降低45．1％(P=0．0000),其中冠心病死亡治疗组为3．19％,对照组为5．49％,治疗组相对危险降低31．0％(P=0．0048),非致死性心肌梗死治疗组为1．93％,对照组为4．92％,治疗组相对危险降低60．8％(P=0．0000)。次要终点(脑卒中、肿瘤、PCL／CABG的需求)的发生率治疗组为69．2例次／1000人,对照组为100．4例次／1000人,治疗组相对危险降低31．1％(P=0．0004),其中PCI和(或)CABG的需求,治疗组为30．1例次／1000人,对照组为45．1例次／1000人,治疗组相对危险降低33．3％(P=0．0097)。各种原因的死亡在治疗组为5．19％,对照组为7．74％,治疗组相对危险降低33．0％(P=0．0003),其中肿瘤死亡在治疗组降低54．7％(P=0．0138)。在临床不良反应和实验室指标异常方面,治疗组和对照组之间差异无统计学意义。结论与安慰剂比较,血脂康胶囊治疗能显降低冠心病患非致死性心肌梗死及冠心病死亡的发生率。能显减少对PCI和(或)CABG的需求,能显减少肿瘤死亡和各种原因的总死亡。表明中国冠心病患服用血脂康胶囊调整血脂可获得明显益处。     

可溶性ST2和半乳糖凝集素-3水平与室间隔心肌切除术后肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者预后的相关性分析

目的:探讨可溶性ST2(s ST2)和半乳糖凝集素-3(Gal-3)水平与室间隔心肌切除术后肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)患者临床预后的相关性。方法:纳入2011-03至2016-02期间在中国医学科学院阜外医院行改良Morrow手术的HOCM患者200例,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测其血浆s ST2与Gal-3水平。根据血浆s ST2水平进行三分位数分组:低s ST2组(9.05 ng/ml)、中s ST2组(9.05~16.74 ng/ml)及高s ST2组(16.74 ng/ml);根据血浆Gal-3水平进行三分位数分组:低Gal-3组(6.19 ng/ml)、中Gal-3组(6.19~8.22 ng/ml)、高Gal-3组(8.22 ng/ml)。另外收集了42例无心脏疾病的志愿者血液样本作为正常对照,并按照性别和年龄匹配了42例HOCM患者,比较两者血浆中sS T2与Gal-3水平的差异。使用Cox回归模型评估血浆sS T2和Gal-3水平对主要终点事件(全因死亡或心血管住院)的预测价值。结果:ELISA分析结果表明,与正常对照者相比,HOCM患者的血浆s ST2和Gal-3水平显著升高(P均0.01)。中位随访26个月时,Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,血浆s ST2及Gal-3不同水平组的复合终点事件发生率均无明显差异(log-rank P分别为0.06和0.68)。Cox回归分析表明,血浆sS T2和Gal-3水平都不能独立预测终点事件(P均0.05),而年龄是复合终点事件的独立危险因素(HR=1.06,95%CI:1.02~1.11,P0.01)。结论:尽管HOCM患者的血浆sS T2与Gal-3水平升高,但血浆sS T2和Gal-3水平与心肌切除术后HOCM患者临床预后无关。年龄增长是室间隔心肌切除术后HOCM患者全因死亡及心血管事件住院的复合终点事件的独立预测因子。     

缺血性心血管病:一个反映血脂异常潜在危险的新指标

目的　提出一个能够反映我国人群心血管病发病特点的、用于评价血脂异常潜在威胁的新指标。方法　资料包括中国心血管病流行病学多中心协作研究 1991～ 2 0 0 0年心血管病发病监测资料和该项目在“六五”和“八五”期间建立的 2个队列随访资料以及中美心肺疾病流行病学合作研究队列随访资料。分析冠心病事件和缺血性脑卒中事件绝对危险和相对危险随基线血清胆固醇水平升高的变化 ,用Cox比例风险模型调整可能的混杂因素。提出将冠心病事件和缺血性脑卒中事件合计 ,统称为缺血性心血管病事件。结果　 (1)监测资料和队列随访资料均证实我国人群缺血性脑卒中的发病率约为冠心病事件的 2倍 ,二者的联合终点事件约占所有心血管病事件发病的 6 5 %。 (2 )在3个现有的大样本长期观察的队列人群中 ,血清总胆固醇与冠心病事件和缺血性脑卒中事件年龄标化发病均呈显著正相关。 (3)除“八五”队列男性外 ,所有队列在相同血清总胆固醇水平均显示缺血性脑卒中事件年龄标化发病率高于冠心病事件发病率。如 ,当TC≥ 6 2 4mmol L (1mmol L =38 6 7mg dl)时 ,冠心病事件发病的年龄标化发病率仅约为 (110～ 130 ) 10万 ,而缺血性心血管病事件的年龄标化发病率为 (36 0～ 5 5 0 ) 10万。结论　缺血性心血管病事件占我国心     

老年高血压人群精神压力与新发心脑血管事件关系的研究

目的探讨精神压力对老年高血压人群新发心脑血管事件的预测价值。方法选择2010年1月~2012年6月在首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院健康体检的老年高血压人群2056例,年龄60~80(68.52±7.94)岁,其中男性1085例,女性971例。根据患者健康问卷(patient health questionnaire-9,PHQ-9)和焦虑量表(generalized anxiety disorder-7,GAD-7)评分分为精神压力异常组(412例)和精神压力正常组(1644例),2组平均随访(3.5±0.5)年,记录主要心脑血管事件。分析精神压力对老年高血压人群主要心脑血管事件的预测价值。结果精神压力异常组发生心脏性猝死、非致死性心血管事件、脑出血、脑梗死和总心脑血管事件概率均明显高于精神压力正常组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01);多变量Cox比例风险回归分析,校正男性、吸烟、收缩压、空腹血糖、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、同型半胱氨酸后,精神压力异常组发生心脑血管事件、脑梗死和非致死性心血管事件的相对危险分别为精神压力正常组的1.72倍(95%CI:1.31~2.62,P=0.003),1.63倍(95%CI:1.42~2.39,P=0.018)和2.54倍(95%CI:1.22~3.67,P=0.002)。结论精神压力水平可预测老年高血压人群主要心脑血管事件的风险,精神压力异常者发生临床心脑血管事件的危险增加,尤其是脑梗死和非致死性心血管事件。     

An unusual ECG pattern in restrictive cardimyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy is the least common type of primary cardiomyopathies. Electrocardiographic recording is abnormal in 99% of patients with RCM. Biatrial enlargement, obliquely elevated ST segment with notched or biphasic late peaking T waves are considered characteristic ECG finding. Significant ST depression with T inversion mimicking subendocardial ischemia has also been reported in patients with RCM and is even suggested as a predictor of sudden cardiac death. We noted a similar ECG pattern in a 16 yr girl with Idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy. Coronaries were normal, stress perfusion imaging did not show any perfusion defect. This diffuse resting ST depression with T inversion in precordial & inferior leads along with ST elevation in aVR was persistent for more than six months.     

Prognostic significance of the electrocardiogram after Q wave myocardial infarction. The Framingham Study

The prognostic value of abnormalities on the electrocardiogram (ECG) present 1 year after initial myocardial infarction (MI) is examined in relation to reinfarction and coronary death throughout 32 years (mean, 10.1 years) of follow-up in the Framingham Heart Study. Resting 12-lead ECGs were available in 251 survivors (190 men and 61 women) of clinically recognized Q wave MI. The ECG reverted to normal in 31 (12.4%) cases and was abnormal but without Q waves in 37 (14.7%). Q waves persisted without other significant abnormalities in 108 (43.0%) and with other abnormalities in 75 (29.9%) cases. Electrocardiographic abnormalities at follow-up were more common in women and in those persons whose initial MI was anterior as compared with inferior. Nonspecific T wave, ST segment changes, and electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy on the ECG before or after MI were powerful predictors (p less than 0.01) of coronary death. The relation of these residual post-MI electrocardiographic findings to reinfarction and coronary death was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The follow-up electrocardiographic status was unrelated to the risk of subsequent reinfarction. Subjects who lost Q wave evidence of MI but whose ECG continued to show evidence of repolarization abnormalities, left ventricular hypertrophy, or blocked intraventricular conduction were at a 3.5-fold increased risk (p less than 0.01) of coronary death as compared with those reverting to a normal ECG. Persons with a persistent Q wave MI accompanied by these abnormalities were at a 2.7-fold excess risk (p = 0.01) of coronary death as compared with those with a normalized ECG. These findings remained significant when considering age and standard coronary risk factors. The presence of other electrocardiographic abnormalities without persistent Q waves yields a worse prognosis than a Q wave persisting alone. The prognostic value of a follow-up ECG with abnormalities other than a persistent Q wave MI also remained after considering the effects of left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac enlargement on x-ray, functional classification, and diuretic usage. Specific electrocardiographic abnormalities present before infarction, however, were potent indicators of long-term prognosis prognosis and diminished the importance of the follow-up ECG. Although survival after initial MI is improved only if the ECG reverts to normal, information on electrocardiographic abnormalities before MI can be especially useful in evaluating long-term risk.     

心电图对非ST段抬高型急性冠脉综合征危险分层的价值

目的探讨心电图变化对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者危险分层的价值。方法自2006年1月-2007年7月，在我院因急性胸痛拟诊不稳定型心绞痛及非ST段抬高心肌梗死而收入住院且记录资料完整的616例患者。人院后采集病史、查体，并在10min内完成常规18导联心电图检查，将患者人院时心电图的改变分为ST段压低组（包括伴有T波倒置者）、单纯T波倒置组、尚不能诊断的心电图组及正常心电图组；又将ST段压低组分为：胸前导联（V4-V6）ST段压低合并负向T波、胸前导联ST段压低合并正向T波、其他导联ST段压低合并正向T波、其他导联ST段压低合并负向T波4组。观察各组住院期主要心血管事件（心脏性死亡、非致命性心肌梗死、反复缺血性心绞痛发作），并随访1-12（7．2±3．8）个月，观察主要心血管事件变化。结果与正常心电图组比较；ST段压低组的复合心血管事件明显增多。胸前导联ST段压低合并T波倒置组的患者较其他导联ST段压低合并或不合并T波倒置组的复合心血管事件明显增多。结论．心电图的ST段变化对非ST段抬高型急性冠状动脉综合征患者的危险分层及心血管事件预测均有重要价值。     

Identification of false positive exercise tests with use of electrocardiographic criteria: a possible role for atrial repolarization waves

Atrial repolarization waves are opposite in direction to P waves, may have a magnitude of 100 to 200 mu V and may extend into the ST segment and T wave. It was postulated that exaggerated atrial repolarization waves during exercise could produce ST segment depression mimicking myocardial ischemia. The P waves, PR segments and ST segments were studied in leads II, III, aVF and V4 to V6 in 69 patients whose exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) suggested ischemia (100 mu V horizontal or 150 mu V upsloping ST depression 80 ms after the J point). All had a normal ECG at rest. The exercise test in 25 patients (52% male, mean age 53 years) was deemed false positive because of normal coronary arteriograms and left ventricular function (5 patients) or normal stress single photon emission computed tomographic thallium or gated blood pool scans (16 patients), or both (4 patients). Forty-four patients with a similar age and gender distribution, anginal chest pain and at least one coronary stenosis greater than or equal to 80% served as a true positive control group. The false positive group was characterized by 1) markedly downsloping PR segments at peak exercise, 2) longer exercise time and more rapid peak exercise heart rate than those of the true positive group, and 3) absence of exercise-induced chest pain. The false positive group also displayed significantly greater absolute P wave amplitudes at peak exercise and greater augmentation of P wave amplitude by exercise in all six ECG leads than were observed in the true positive group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Can serial exercise testing improve the prediction of coronary events in asymptomatic individuals?

An abnormal ST segment response to treadmill exercise has a low predictive value for future coronary events (angina pectoris, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or cardiac death) in apparently healthy individuals. To determine whether the conversion from a normal to an abnormal ST segment response might identify individuals at high risk for a future coronary event, we analyzed the results of serial exercise tests performed at 2-4-year intervals in 726 male and female volunteers, aged 22-84 years (mean, 55.1 years), from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). All subjects were free of cardiovascular disease at entry by history, physical examination, and resting 12-lead electrocardiogram. Over a mean overall follow-up of 7.4 years, coronary events occurred in 34 of 178 (19.1%) of those with an abnormal ST response to exercise versus 30 of 548 (5.5%) in those with a normal response (p = 0.001). Angina pectoris was the most common presenting coronary event regardless of ST segment exercise response. Among individuals with an abnormal ST segment response, the incidence of events was virtually identical between those with an initially abnormal response (group 1) and those who converted from a normal to an abnormal response (group 2), 19.8% versus 18.5%. After adjustment for standard coronary risk factors by proportional hazards regression analysis, the risk of a coronary event relative to subjects with persistently normal ST segment responses (group 3) remained nearly identical in the two groups, 2.72 in group 1 (p less than 0.003) and 2.80 in group 2 (p less than 0.002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The value of ECG and echocardiography during stress testing for identifying systemic endothelial dysfunction and epicardial artery stenosis.

BACKGROUND: In the stress imaging era, ECG positivity is regarded as a frequent source of false-positive responses. However, it is known that normal coronary arteries frequently coexist with abnormal endothelial function in patients with chest pain. AIM: To evaluate the anatomical coronary epicardial, and functional systemic endothelial determinants of wall motion and electrocardiographic responses during stress testing. METHOD: Sixty-eight in-hospital patients with chest pain syndrome, no previous myocardial infarction, and off nitrate therapy at the time of testing underwent, on different days, in random order and within 1 month: (1) stress ECG echo testing (with dipyridamole in 43, dobutamine in 3, and exercise in 22 patients); (2) coronary angiography; (3) endothelium-dependent, flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery during reactive hyperaemia using high-resolution ultrasound. Criteria of positivity were: ST segment depression >0.1mm in the stress ECG; regional dysfunction >2 segments demonstrated by stress-echo; diameter reduction >50% on coronary angiography; and <5% flow-mediated dilation as revealed by endothelial function. RESULTS: Significant coronary artery disease was present in 39 patients, and was predicted on multivariate analysis by stress-induced wall motion abnormalities (OR=108.8; 95% CI=8.5-1,389.4, P=0.0003), but not by either ST segment depression (P=0.13; OR=0.47; 95% CI=0.7-1.3) or reduced flow-mediated dilation (P=0.81; OR=0.87; 95% CI=0.27-2.8). Abnormal flow-mediated dilation was present in 53 patients (78%), and was predicted by stress-induced ST segment depression (P=0.023; OR=6.2; 95% CI=1.3-30.5), but not by either stress echo positivity (P=0.66; OR=0.77; 95% CI=0.23 to 2.5) or angiographically assessed coronary artery disease. There was no correlation between flow-mediated dilation and extent of coronary artery disease as assessed by the angiographic Duke score (from 0=normal to 100=most severe disease): r=-0.13, P=0.91. CONCLUSION: Epicardial coronary artery anatomy affects wall motion abnormalities, and systemic endothelial dysfunction affects ST segment depression during stress. However, echocardiographic positivity is unrelated to endothelial dysfunction, and electrocardiographic positivity is an inaccurate predictor of coronary stenosis. An integration of ECG and functional markers is warranted in the stress testing lab.     

U波异常有助诊断缺血性心脏病—冠脉造影与心电图对照

目的 探讨U波异常在诊断缺血性心脏病中的价值。方法 选择临床拟为冠心病的男性患者52例，排除电解质紊乱，应用常规心电图、运动负荷心电图及冠脉造影，分析ST段缺血性改变、U波异常在诊断缺血性心脏病中的敏感性和特异性。结果 52例临床拟诊冠心病患者，冠脉造影阳性者38例。冠脉造影阳性者中，常规心电图ST段呈缺血性改变者16例，U波异常者8例，其诊断缺血性心脏病的灵敏度分别为42．11％、21．11％(16/38、8/38)；运动试验阳性者26例，运动诱发U波异常者15例，其诊断缺血性心脏病的灵敏度分别为68．42％、39．47％(26/38、15／38)。冠脉造影阴性者(n＝14)中，常规心电图ST段无缺血性改变6例，U波正常13例，特异度分别为42．86％、92．86％(6／14、13／14)5运动负荷时，结果 阴性9例，U波正常14例，特异度分别为64．29％、100％(9／14、14／14)。运动负荷时尚见2例单独U波异常，其冠脉造影证实有病理性狭窄。结论 U波异常在诊断缺血性心脏病中敏感性虽不如ST段下移的高，但U波异常的特异性高，尤其是运动诱发的U波异常更具诊断价值；缺血性U波异常有助诊断冠心病。     

Utility of the prehospital electrocardiogram in diagnosing acute coronary syndromes: the Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention (MITI) project

Objectives. We sought to determine whether the prehospital electrocardiogram (ECG) improves the diagnosis of an acute coronary syndrome.Background. The ECG is the most widely used screening test for evaluating patients with chest pain.Methods. Prehospital and in-hospital ECGs were obtained in 3,027 consecutive patients with symptoms of suspected acute myocardial infarction, 362 of whom were randomized to prehospital versus hospital thrombolysis and 2,665 of whom did not participate in the randomized trial. Prehospital and hospital records were abstracted for clinical characteristics and diagnostic outcome.Results. ST segment and T and Q wave abnormalities suggestive of myocardial ischemia or infarction were more common on both the prehospital and hospital ECGs of patients with as compared with those without acute coronary syndromes (p ≤ 0.00001). Those with prehospital thrombolysis were more likely to show resolution of ST segment elevation by the time of hospital admission (14% vs. 5% in patients treated in the hospital, p = 0.004). In patients not considered for prehospital thrombolysis, both persistent and transient ST segment and T or Q wave abnormalities discriminated those with from those without acute coronary ischemia or infarction. Compared with ST segment elevation on a single ECG, added consideration of dynamic changes in ST segment elevation between serial ECGs improved the sensitivity for an acute coronary syndrome from 34% to 46% and reduced specificity from 96% to 93% (both p < 0.00004). Overall, compared with abnormalities observed on a single ECG, consideration of serial evolution in ST segment, T or Q wave or left bundle branch block (LBBB) abnormalities between the prehospital and initial hospital ECG improved the diagnostic sensitivity for an acute coronary syndrome from 80% to 87%, with a fall in specificity from 60% to 50% (both p < 0.000006).Conclusions. ECG abnormalities are an early manifestation of acute coronary syndromes and can be identified by the prehospital ECG. Compared with a single ECG, the additional effect of evolving ST segment, T or Q waves or LBBB between serially obtained prehospital and hospital ECGs enhanced the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes, but with a fall in specificity.     

中青年甲亢患者心电图分析

目的 探讨心电图变化对中青年甲亢的诊断价值。方法 对我院门诊就诊且初次诊断为甲亢的75例患者的心电图资料进行分析,并且选择75例来我院体检,性别、年龄匹配的正常人群的心电图资料作为对照。结果 甲亢组患者心电图改变37例(49.33%),正常对照组心电图改变23例(30.67%),两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且心电图改变主要为ST段、T波的改变。甲亢组心率明显快于正常对照组,甲亢组心率(77.72±12.98)次/min,正常对照组心率(71.29±10.14)次/min,两组差异有统计学意义。甲亢患者中,心电图异常率女性患者(61.70%)明显高于男性患者(32.14%),两者比较差异有统计学意义。甲亢组相对于对照组QT间期缩短、QTc间期延长、P波振幅增高,两组比较差异有统计学意义。结论 甲亢患者心电图异常发生率比对照组高,心电图对甲亢的诊断有一定的参考价值。     

延髓闩部肿瘤与其他部位脑肿瘤心电图改变的对比研究

目的 :比较延髓心血管调节中枢受累和其他部位脑肿瘤的心电图改变 ,探讨不同部位脑肿瘤与心电图改变之间的关系及其发生机制。方法 :15 2例脑肿瘤患者分成延髓组、边缘系统组、非边缘系统组 ,分别对其术前心电图进行观察、测量、统计学处理。结果 :48%的患者有心电图异常。延髓组边缘系统组与非边缘系统组比较心电图异常率、校正后的QT间期 (QTc间期 )异常、QTc间期均值、ST段异常、T波异常及窦性心动过速发生均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。心率延髓组较边缘系统组和非边缘系统组增快 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。结论 :延髓闩部心血管调节中枢受累 ,可以使副交感神经受到抑制 ,交感神经系统兴奋性异常增高 ,产生心率增快、复极障碍为主的心电图改变 ,心电图异常率明显增高。边缘系统损害产生与延髓受累相似的心电图改变 ,非边缘系统组心电图改变与延髓组有显著差异 ,表明脑损害部位与心电图改变之间存在相关性。