针刺特定穴治疗功能性消化不良的研究现状与思考

Acupuncture plays a dominant role in treating functional dyspepsia （FD）. By reviewing and e- valuating clinical ROT and fundamental research with high quality in the past 17 years, it is found that specific acupoints are the chief in the treatment of FD; additionally, there are differences between specific acupoints and non-specific acupoints in therapeutic effect, explaining that the specificity of meridian points plays an im- portant role in treatment. However, because of inadequate high-quality researches in clinics, the specificity of acupoints can＇t be proved until the researches of clinical effect and mechanism of therapeutic difference are intensified.     

Key Points and Solutions to Enhance the Curative Effects of Moxibustion Therapy

Objective:To elucidate the key effects of moxibustion points and quantity of moxibustion used in order to enhance the curative effect of moxibustion therapy.Methods:It analyzed the occurrence rules of acupoint heat-sensitization and its relationship to the moxibustion location and dose,in view of the original definition of acupoints in Neijing(Internal Canon) and the acupoint heat-sensitization in clinical practice.     

Low impedance nature of 12 acupoints on the limbs,and the unexpected dependence on limb angle

OBJECTIVE: To better understand the working mechanism of acupuncture, we investigated the skin electrical impedance distribution around acupoints, and the impedance changes at 12 original acupoints bilaterally after bending the limbs.METHODS: We measured the skin electrical impedance in three study subjects in the frequency range of 40 to 10 k Hz using the four-electrode method with a sharp probe and a large reference electrode.A measurement matrix of 7 mm × 7 mm with spacing of 2.0(or 3.0) mm was measured to obtain 2 D impedance mapping of acupoints. The impedance spectra of 12 original acupoints were measured at the 0° position and the 90° position.RESULTS: The electrical impedance of some acupoints, such as Yangchi(TE 4), was 16 times lower than that of the surrounding area, showing a recognizable small central area of low impedance with a diameter of less than 4 mm. In contrast, other acupoints, such as Laogong(PC 8), had an electrical impedance that was not significantly different from that of the surrounding area. When the limb was bent from a straight position(0o) to a vertical position(90o), the electrical impedance of the 12 original acupoints showed varied trends, either increasing or decreasing by a factor of up to ten times, or remaining at the same level.CONCLUSION: Not all acupoints tested show the property of low impedance, which might be related to the varied depth of the openings of superficial collaterals. The unexpected dependence of acupoint impedance on limb angle is a novel discovery, which implies that the channel paths are located in interstitial structures in the limbs. It might be possible to determine an optimized limb position for each particular acupuncture treatment in clinical practice.     

CLINICAL APPLICATION OF NEIGUAN （内关 PC 6）IN THE TREATMENT OF DISORDERS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM THE RELATED RESEARCH PROGRESS

In the present paper, the authors review recent situations of clinical application of Neiguan (PC 6 内关), etc. in the treatment of disorders of the digestive system and its related research progresses. In clinical practice,Neiguan (PC 6) is usually selected as one of the main acupoints to treat gastrointestinal reactions induced by nausea and vomiting,hiccup, gastrointestinal dyskinesia, gastritis, and intra-gastric examination, cesarean section, etc. Concerning experimental studies, the effects of Neiguan (PC 6), etc. on gastric electrical activities, gastrointestinal motion, gastrointestinal hormone secretion, and gastric rnucesal structure were observed. Resuits indicated that Neiguan (PC 6) is an important and effective acupoint for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in clinic. Stimulation of Neiguan (PC 6) induced favorable regulation of both the peripheral nerveus system and central nervous system, and changes of the gastrointestinal hormone secretion may contribute to its effects in treating various disorders.     

Professor QIN Liang-fu's Clinical Experience: Using Governor Vessel to Treat Miscellaneous Diseases

Professor QIN attaches great importance to the theory of Governor Vessel and focuses on the regulation of the yang qi in the Governor Vessel. In the early 1960s, he put forward the viewpoint that the Gov ernor Vessel is mainly used to treat such diseases of the limbs as cervical and lumbar retrograde affection,apoplectic sequelae and syringomyelia. In Chinese medicine, the Governor Vessel is considered as the sea and commander of yang meridians, dominating the yang qi throughout the body and connecting the hand and foot yang meridians. Professor QIN applies the theory of Governor Vessel to harmonize yin and yang, qi and blood, ultimately to treat various miscellaneous disorders. Gradually, he gets used to use the Governor Vessel to treat miscellaneous diseases. Clin ical practice has proved that the acupoints of the Governor Vessel have better effects than the local acupoints in the treatment of miscellaneous diseases.His clinical experience is presented as follows.     

Brief Introduction to Doctor LU Jing-shan＇s Academic Thoughts in Acupuncture

Mr.LU uses fewer but exact acupoints. He often says:“If we fail to grasp the essentials of acupoints, once many acupoints are used, they cannot work excellently”. In his clinical practice, Mr. LU usually employs just several acupoints, not more than ten in general, according to the symptoms and signs. But only when these acupoints are     

Potential efficacy and mechanism of eight mild-natured and bitter-flavored TCMs based on gut microbiota: A reviewOA

The mild-natured and bitter-flavored traditional Chinese medicines(MB-TCMs) are an important class of TCMs that have been widely used in clinical practice and recognized as safe long-term treatments for chronic diseases. However, as an important class of TCMs, the panorama of pharmacological effects and the mechanisms of MB-TCMs have not been systemically reviewed. Compelling studies have shown that gut microbiota can mediate the therapeutic activity of TCMs and help to elucidate the core princi...     

EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE AND THE CLINICAL STUDY ON ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION

In this article, the authors hold that the evidence-based medicine(EBM) is a new medical action produced at the historic moment in clinical practice, which is promoting development of the medicine and even the whole life science in a fully new train of thought end method. Further the briefly introduced contents are the effect of EBM, the difficulty of utilizing in the acupuncture clinical practice and how to resolve them. It is highly recommended that the doctors of the acupuncture science field should study EBM and its effect and difficulties in practice as earlier as possible, insistently assimilate new knowledge and keep abreast of the times‘ progress to facilitate the further development of acupunctology.     

Clinical Application and Characteristics of KONG＇s ScalpAcupuncture and Daoyin Technique

Scalp Acupuncture and Daoyin Technique, which are summarized by Dr. KONG in the light of his long-term acupuncture practice, has been considered as one of the clinical diagnostic and treatment programs in Chinese medicine by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In this paper, the characteristics and clinical application of Scalp Acupuncture and Daoyin Technique are presented as follows.     

Dr. DING Hong-shan＇s Experience of Tuina in Treating Childhood Cerebral Palsy

My late father Dr. DING Hong-shan was a senior Chinese medical doctor and learnt thumb-massage therapy from his forefathers. In his decades of years of clinical practice, upon the physiological nature of the children‘s tender constitution, he created a “one-hand and three-acupoint Tuina” (the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of one hand simultaneously massaging three acupoints or three meridians) in combination with thumb-massage therapy. It is suitable for childhood limb diseases, especially for infantile cerebral palsy. It is now introduced as follows.     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE TREATMENT OF VASCULAR DEMENTIA BY PUNCTURING BAIHUI (GV20), SHUIGOU (GV26) AND SHENMEN (HT7)

Baihui (百会GV20) ,Shuigou (水沟GV26) and Shenmen (神门HT7) arethe effective andcom- monly used acupoints in acupuncture treatment of vascular dementia (VD) , which has been proved re- peatedly by Prof . LAI Xin-sheng,the tutor of post- doctorates from Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine ( TCM) in his long-term clinical practice[1 ~3].In order to further refine well-known experts’experience and better our clinical practice , we ,in the present study, explored the spec…     

Using acupoint-to-acupoint penetrative needling to treat poststroke spastic paralysis： a clinical progress review

OBJECTIVE： To determine the characteristics and advantages of acupoint-to-acupoint penetrative needling（AAPN） treatment for post-stroke spastic paralysis（PSSP） to improve the clinical outcomes of this disease in the future.METHODS： Randomized, controlled trials of PSSP patients receiving AAPN treatment were searched from MEDLINE, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database between January 2006 and June 2013. Key words included： clinic or clinical, acupuncture, needling, acupoint-to-acupoint, penetrative or penetration or penetrating,stroke or apoplexy or cerebral infarction or cerebral hemorrhage, spastic paralysis or spasticity or palsy,and hypermyotonia. Language was limited to English and Chinese. Case series reports, review articles, and animal studies were excluded.RESULTS： AAPN showed better clinical results on PSSP than other acupuncture treatments, especially when combined with adjunct therapies such as electroacupuncture, bloodletting, and rehabilitation. The greatest benefit was achieved with rehabilitation combined with penetration from Yang-channel acupoints to Yin-channel acupoints in the upper limbs, and from Yin-channel acupoints to Yang-channel acupoints in the lower limbs with a reinforcing maneuver.CONCLUSION： AAPN is an effective treatment for PSSP, and it can accelerate and enhance functional repair of PSSP patients.     

Introduction to Professor HUA Yan-ling's Acupuncture Experience: Ⅰ. Nape Acupuncture

On the basis of abundant clinical practice, Pro.HUA makes a thorough study of the acupuncture indications and stubborn diseases in the light of syndrome differentiation and treatment in Chinese medicine as well as the etiology and pathogenesis in western medicine, as a result, to develop his unique styles acupuncture, sacroiliac acupuncture, sacral acupuncture and others. Now they are presented as follows.     

Material base of acupuncture effects

Acupuncture is one of the common treatment methods in China, and its clinical effectiveness has now been accepted in many countries or it has been expanded worldwide and applied as a medical modality. In China, clinical practice has proved that the indications of acupuncture include more than 300 disorders in nervous system, endocrine system, immune system, circulatory system, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system, reproductive system, blood system, sensory system and motor system, and the indications are increasingly created with the development of the clinical application of acupuncture. Since 1949, China has attached great importance to the development of Chinese medicine cause, invested a large amount of money to finance Chinese medicine, and achieved fruitful results, as a result, to maintain the leading role of acupuncture in the world. Preceding researches have proven that acupuncture is effective in clinical practice, and it works in bi-directional regulation by many procedures such as nerve-endocrine-im-munenetwork, which undoubtedly shows the objectivity of acupuncture effects. Above research achievements have called extensive attention across the world.     

经络理论中穴位与脏腑的联系

The theory of interrelation between acupoints and viscera （IBAV） is one of the most important parts in Traditional Chinese Medicine and the key concept in the theory of Zangfu and Jingluo （meridians）. IBAV expresses the rule between body surface and inner organs which guides the diagnosis and treatment in acupuncture practice. Yellow Emperor said. ＂The twelve-channel is the passage of the flowing of the blood and energy in human body, it has close relation with the existence of the flowing of the blood and energy in human body, it has close relation with the existence of man, the forming of disease, the human health and the recovery of disease... ＂ （Chapter 11 Jing Bie Yellow Emperors Canon Internal Medicine） Early studies noted that IBAV is bi-direetional by reflex reaction to the aeupoints on body surface. Stimulation on the acupoints can simultaneously regulate visceral functions. Recent research showed that acupuncture stimulations induced neuronal nitric oxide expression in the brainstem. Nitric Oxide in the medulla medicates various physiological reflexes. In this Review, the evidence of the relationship between viscera and acupoints will be summarized and emphases on the study of interrelation between acupoints and viscera is not only for improving clinical effects, but also for clarifying the mechanisms of acupuncture-moxibustion. A main way to treat visceral illnesses is choosing acupoints based on differentiation of symptoms and signs.     

Guidelines for Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, chronic, frequently occurring, and difficult disease of the respiratory system and is a huge disease burden. Pulmonary rehabilitation is an important part of clinical treatment. Chinese medicine lung rehabilitation (CMLR), which is based on Chinese medicine theory and practice, is a comprehensive rehabilitation measure that can prevent and treat pulmonary diseases and preserve physical and mental functions. Its aim is to promote the return of patients to society as soon as possible. To better guide the clinical practice of COPD rehabilitation, the Specialty Committee of Pulmonary Rehabilitation of World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies established a panel for formulating guidelines, systematically retrieved domestic and foreign literature, performed systematic evaluation after expert consultation and on?site discussion, and finally, formed the guidelines in accordance with the development standard of international evidence?based guidelines. The guideline has seven parts, which are the preface, introduction, scope, normative references, terms and definitions, types of disease syndromes, diseases assessment, CMLR techniques, and annex. The techniques of CMLR include 11 techniquesin seven species,such as Simplified Taijiquan, Baduanjin, and Liuzijue. The guideline definesthe technical points(time, frequency, course, etc.), optimal applicable population, use of drugs, common acupoints, operation methods, and so on for each technique. The release of the guidelines is helpful to improve the rehabilitation technique standardization and to improve the curative effect and level of rehabilitation.     

ACUPOINT TO ACUPOINT PENETRATIVE NEEDLING AND ITS CLINICAL APPLICATION

Acupoint to acupoint penetrative needling method has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine. Chinese physicians in various dynasties hold that this type of needling method can strengthen the needling sensations and raise the therapeutic effect in clinical practice. This needling method can be divided into straight penetration, oblique penetration and transverse penetration. In clinical application, it can also be divided into external-medial meridian penetration, a single meridian penetration, neighboring meridians penetration, and neighboring aoupoints penetration, etc. in accordance with the involved acupoints and meridians. Clinical practice demonstrates that penetrative needling possesses advantages of stronger needling sensations, better therapeutic effect and fewer aoupoints selection. For this reason, it is extensively applied in clinic.     

Pharmacological Effects of Mangiferin

Mango leaves have been widely used in the clinical practice for thousands of years in traditional Chinese medicine. Mangiferin,an effective constituent in the mango leaves,has multiple pharmacological actions involved in some basic pathological processes,such as inflammation,oxidative injury,tumor growth,micro-organism infections, metabolic regulations,and immunological regulations.The pharmacological effects of mangiferin from some published data are reviewed in this article.