探讨肝动脉造影CT和经动脉门脉造影CT在肝癌介入术后复发中的诊断价值

目的 回顾分析肝动脉造影CT(CTHA)和经动脉门脉造影CT(CTAP)在肝癌介入术后复查中的作用.方法 对19例肝癌TACE术后AFP明显升高的患者行CTHA/CTAP及DSA造影.结果 CTHA/CTAP发现14例栓塞周边复发,新发病灶15枚,DSA发现6例栓塞周边复发,新发病灶8枚.结论 与DSA相比,CTHA/CTAP是评价介入疗效及发现新发病灶更可靠的方法 .     

肝动脉和经动脉门脉造影螺旋CT联合应用对肝癌的诊断价值

目的　探讨螺旋CT扫描在肝动脉造影CT(CTHA)和经动脉门脉造影CT(CTAP)对肝癌的诊断价值。方法　分析 2 1例肝癌病人CTAP和CTHA图像 ,并与螺旋CT三期增强扫描进行对照。结果　三期增强扫描病灶检出率为 72 .4% (5 5 /76) ;CTAP病灶检出率为 96.1% (73 /76) ;CTHA病灶检出率为 88.2 % (67/76) ;CTAP和CTHA联合应用病灶检出率为 98.7% (75 /76) ,可检出 0 .5cm的微小癌灶。CTAP和CTHA均可出现非病理性表现 ,CTAP灌注异常出现率为 2 2 .3 % ,CTHA非病理性强化灶出现率为 3 0 .2 %。结论　螺旋CT动脉造影能显著减少造影剂用量 ,提高图像质量 ,CTAP和CTHA联合应用肝癌病灶检出率明显高于CT三期增强扫描。CTAP和CTHA结合分析可减少假阳性率。     

经皮肝动脉的门静脉造影诊断小肝肿瘤的价值

目的:评价经皮肝动脉的门静脉造影(CTAP)诊断小肝癌及肝内小转移瘤的价值。材料和方法:对12例经病理证实为肝癌或肝转移瘤患者进行CTAP检查,其中肝癌6例,肝转移瘤6例;比较CTAP与常规CT、DSA、碘油造影CT病变检出率。结果:CTAP发现的病灶23个,常规CT 12个,DSA 16个,碘油造影CT 23个。结论:CTAP对发现小肝肿瘤有重要作用,可成为患者介入治疗前的影像检查方法之一。     

CTHA/CTAP 诊断肝癌 TACE 术后复发17例分析

2003年月1月～2006年4月，我们对由于甲胎球蛋白（AFP）升高而螺旋CT三期扫描未见明确肝癌17例，行CTHA／CTAP检查，并同时行数字减影血管造影（DSA），经肝动脉灌注碘油与化疗药物，4～6周后行肝CT平扫。现分析报告如下。     

肝脏血管造影CT的研究进展

血管造影CT是一种将CT扫描与血管造影相结合的影像学检查技术，包括CT经动脉门静脉造影(CT during arterial portography，CTAP)及CT经肝动脉造影(CT hepatic angiography，CTHA)。现将近年来有关肝脏血管造影CT的研究进展综述如下。     

CTAP,CTHA技术进展及临床应用

动脉性门脉成像(CTAP)、CT肝动脉成像(CTHA)是目前公认的检测小肝癌最敏感的方法,本文详述了由于螺旋CT技术的引进带来的CTAP、CTHA技术进展,侧重于二者的联合应用。并分类介绍了CTAP灌注异常的影像特点及在CTHA上的影像表现。最后介绍了它们的临床应用。     

肝脏磁共振血管造影术:与DSA及CTAP的比较研究

目的通过与DSA及CTAP的比较研究,评价动态增强MRA在肝移植受体术前血管系统检查中的应用价值。方法16例肝疾病患者在2周内行肝脏MRI及动态增强(利用SENSE技术)MRA、DSA和CT经动脉门脉造影(CTAP)检查。MRA图像重建自冠状位3D动态增强扫描,动脉期MRA与DSA比较,门脉期MRV与CTAP比较。动态增强MRA采用20ml造影剂和统一扫描延迟时间。结果动态增强MRA能很好显示肝动脉系统各主要分支及变异;MRV对门脉系统的显示质量等于甚至超过CTAP;MRV能很好显示下腔静脉;MRV尚意外发现了1例DSA上未能显示的血管变异。结论动态增强MRA能清晰显示肝移植受体术前的血管结构,其有可能成为原位肝移植受体术前首选的影像学检查手段。     

血管造影CT对肝脏病变的诊断

血管造影 CT 检查包括 CT 动脉造影(Computed Tomographic Angiography(Arteriography),或 CT-Anggiorap-hy,Angio-CT,简称 CTA)和 CT 经动脉门脉造影(Computed Tomography dur-ing Arterial Portography,简称 CTAP,或 Dynamic Sequential Computed Tom-ograpllv with Table Incrementation     

肝脏磁共振扩散加权成像技术及其研究进展

临床应用的肝脏CT和MR影像学检查方法有:动态增强CT(dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography),动脉造影CT (computed tomography arteriography,CTA) 及动脉性门静脉造影CT(CT arterial portography,CTAP)和经肝动脉造影CT(CT during hepatic arterioportography,CTHP),顺磁性对比剂动态增强MR成像,及超顺磁性对比剂(例如SPIO)动态增强MR成像等,这些检查能发现肝脏局灶性病变并确定其影像特征,互相补充和完善.     

原发性肝细胞癌TACE联合RFA术后多层螺旋CT随访价值

目的 探讨原发性肝细胞癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)并联合射频消融(RFA)术后使用多层螺旋CT(MSCT)随访疗效及肿瘤复发的价值.方法 选取50例原发性肝细胞癌患者,术前均行MSCT平扫及三期增强扫描图像及DSA检查,DSA检查并TACE术后1～7 d复查CT;RFA于TACE术后10～14 d在CT导引下进行,RFA术后21～30 d再次行CT复查.重点观察原发肿瘤局部血供,瘤灶缩小或局部复发,肝其他地方复发,门静脉癌栓及肝动脉-门静脉瘘等,MSCT与DSA结果行对比分析,统计不同影像学病灶检测率的差异.结果 术前肝癌瘤灶个数的检测MSCT与DSA间的差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05);门脉癌栓的检测MSCT明显优于DSA(P＜0.05);肝动脉-门静脉瘘的检测DSA明显优于MSCT.肝癌行TACE及RFA术后瘤灶局部复发+新发个数的检测MSCT与DSA间的差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05);其他新发瘤灶的检测MSCT与DSA间的差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05);门静脉癌栓的检测MSCT明显优于DSA(P＜0.05);原发瘤灶局部复发MSCT明显优于DSA(P＜0.05);肝动脉-门静脉瘘的检测DSA明显优于MSCT.结论 原发性肝细胞癌术前及行TACE、RFA术后随访,MSCT具有临床推广应用价值.     

CTHA、CTAP在肝癌介入治疗后复查中的作用和意义

研究ＣＴＨＡ、ＣＴＡＰ在肝癌介入治疗复查中的应用价值和意义。材料与方法１４例原发性肝癌ＴＡＥ术后患者进行ＣＴＨＡ、ＣＴＡＰ检查。结果ＣＴＨＡ、ＣＴＡＰ发现已栓塞灶周边复发２１个,新病灶３７个。结论ＣＴＨＡ、ＣＴＡＰ是肝癌介入治疗复查中最敏感和特点和特异的方法,对于评价疗效及早期发现病灶都有重要作用。     

Regenerative nodules in liver cirrhosis: findings at CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography with histopathologic correlation

PURPOSE: To determine the appearance of regenerative nodules in patients with liver cirrhosis at computed tomography (CT) during arterial portography (CTAP) and CT hepatic arteriography (CTHA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: CTAP and CTHA of the liver were performed in 28 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who were scheduled to undergo partial resection of the liver. Helical CTAP was performed after contrast material injection into the superior mesenteric artery followed by helical CTHA after contrast material injection into the hepatic artery. CT scans were analyzed for the presence of identifiable nodules and their size; results were correlated with gross and microscopic findings. RESULTS: Resected livers showed cirrhosis in 20 patients, chronic hepatitis in four, and normal liver in four. Among the 20 patients with cirrhosis, regenerative nodules were demonstrated as enhancing 3-10 mm nodules surrounded by lower attenuation fibrous septa 0.8-1.5 mm thick at CTAP in seven patients and nonenhancing nodules of the same size surrounded by enhancing fibrous septa at CTHA in 15 patients. The degree of fibrosis determined the conspicuity of nodules. CONCLUSION: Regenerative nodules in cirrhotic liver are visualized as enhancing nodules surrounded by lower attenuation thin septa at CTAP and nonenhancing nodules surrounded by enhancing fibrous septa at CTHA. CTHA is more sensitive than CTAP in depicting regenerative nodules (P < .005).     

CT during hepatic arteriography and portography: an illustrative review.

The combination of computed tomography (CT) during arterial portography (CTAP) and CT during hepatic arteriography (CTHA) has been used for evaluation of hepatic neoplasms before partial hepatic resection. Focal hepatic lesions that can be demonstrated with CTAP and CTHA include regenerative nodules, dysplastic nodules, dysplastic nodules with malignant foci, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, hemangioma, and metastases. CTAP is considered the most sensitive modality for detection of small hepatic lesions, particularly small hepatic tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic tumors. CTHA can demonstrate not only hypervascular tumors but also hypovascular tumors and can help differentiate malignant from benign lesions. However, various types of nontumorous hemodynamic changes are frequently encountered at CTAP or CTHA and appear as focal lesions that mimic true hepatic lesions. Such hemodynamic changes include several types of arterioportal shunts, liver cirrhosis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, inflammatory changes, pseudolesions due to an aberrant blood supply, and laminar flow in the portal vein. Familiarity with the CTAP and CTHA appearances of various hepatic lesions and nontumorous hemodynamic changes allows the radiologist to improve the diagnostic accuracy.     

Pre-operative detection of malignant hepatic tumours: value of combined helical CT during arterial portography and biphasic CT during hepatic arteriography

AIMS: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the observer performance with combined helical CT during arterial portography (CTAP) and biphasic CT hepatic arteriography (CTHA) in the pre-operative detection of malignant hepatic tumours. METHODS: Computed tomography images obtained in 41 patients with suspected hepatic tumours were retrospectively reviewed. In a blind fashion, three off-site, independent radiologists reviewed CTAP and early-phase CTHA combined for the first review, then late-phase CTHA was added for the second review. Statistical analysis was conducted on lesion-by-lesion and segment-by-segment bases; a total of 328 liver segments including 65 segments with 74 malignant hepatic tumours ranging in size from 5 to 100 mm (mean, 21.4 mm) were analysed. RESULTS: Sensitivity for detection of liver segments harbouring tumours of CTAP and biphasic CTHA combined (82%) was identical to that of CTAP and early-phase CTHA combined (82%). Specificity of CTAP and biphasic CTHA combined (93%) was greater than that of CTAP and early-phase CTHA combined (90%, P < 0.005). The mean confidence level for the 74 tumours significantly increased by adding late-phase CTHA (P < 0.0005). The mean confidence level for 100-142 benign perfusion abnormalities detected with CTAP and early-phase CTHA combined significantly decreased by adding late-phase CTHA (P < 0.0005). CONCLUSION: By combining late-phase CTHA with CTAP and early-phase CTHA information, the specificity for the detection of malignant hepatic tumours rises significantly, allowing more accurate preoperative tumour detection.     

Diagnostic accuracy of helical CT arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography for hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic liver damage. An ROC analysis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the detectability of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) in chronic liver damage with helical CT arterial portography (CTAP) and CT hepatic arteriography (CTHA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-nine HCC patients who underwent CTAP and CTHA were studied. Diagnostic abilities of CTAP alone, CTHA alone, or combined CTAP and CTHA were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Fifty-three images with 53 HCC nodules were evaluated. Tumor size ranged from 5 to 90 mm (mean 22.8 mm). Sensitivities and specificities for all techniques were calculated. RESULTS: ROC analysis showed the diagnostic ability significantly better with combined CTAP and CTHA (mean area under the ROC curve (Az)=0.95), or CTHA alone (Az=0.93) than CTAP alone (Az=0.87) (p<0.01). Combined CTAP and CTHA showed the best sensitivity (95.0%), followed by CTHA alone (88.1%) and CTAP alone (85.5%). The specificities of all three imaging techniques were relatively low (54.1% for combined CTAP and CTHA, 71.1% for CTHA alone, and 54.1% for CTAP alone) because of perfusion abnormalities of the liver parenchyma. CONCLUSION: The combination of CTAP and CTHA is superior to CTAP alone for detection of hypervascular HCCs. However, its specificity was relatively low in chronic liver damage.     

Diagnosis of hepatic neoplasms using CT arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography

Both computed tomography arterial portography (CTAP) and CT hepatic arteriography (CTHA) are CT techniques with angiographic assistance. The detection sensitivity of these techniques is high because marked lesion contrast can be obtained using direct delivery of contrast materials to the liver parenchyma or the tumors. The use of CTAP and CTHA may improve therapeutic results after transarterial embolization therapy for hepatocellular carcinomas because of their high diagnostic accuracy. Findings on CTAP or CTHA can sometimes help characterize the hepatic focal lesions. Thus, CTAP and CTHA are frequently performed as pretreatment examinations, although they are invasive compared to intravenous (IV) contrast-enhanced CT or magnetic resonance imaging. However, there are some potential pitfalls, such as nontumorous perfusion abnormalities. CTAP and CTHA are less effective for evaluation of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. This article presents a current overview of CTAP and CTHA technique for diagnosis of hepatic neoplasms.     

Diffuse perfusion abnormality of the liver parenchyma on angiography-assisted helical CT in relation to cirrhosis and previous treatments: a potential diagnostic pitfall for detecting hepatocellular carcinoma

We evaluated diffuse perfusion abnormality of the liver parenchyma in relation to cirrhosis and previous treatments and estimated its potential limitation in detecting hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) on CT arterial portography (CTAP) and CT hepatic arteriography (CTHA). Sixty-one patients of liver cirrhosis with or without HCC received both CTAP and CTHA. Irregular defects of enhancement of the liver parenchyma on CTAP were noted in 37 of 61 patients (60.7%) and compensatory arterial perfusion in these defects on CTHA was noted in 30 of 37 patients (81.1%). Most patients had segmental or mixed patterns of enhancement. In patients with severe cirrhosis, irregular enhancement was often noted. The irregularity was also more often in patients who had had previous treatments. Four of 40 HCC nodules in 18 patients with severe irregular perfusion were not detected on CTAP and CTHA. Diffuse perfusion abnormalities of the liver parenchyma on CTAP and CTHA would decrease the accuracy of tumor detection in HCC patients.     

Dysplastic nodules in liver cirrhosis: evaluation of hemodynamics with CT during arterial portography and CT hepatic arteriography

PURPOSE: To evaluate the portal and arterial blood supplies to dysplastic nodules in the cirrhotic liver with computed tomography (CT) during arterial portography (CTAP) and CT hepatic arteriography (CTHA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen histopathologically proved low-grade dysplastic nodules and 13 high-grade dysplastic nodules in 17 patients with liver cirrhosis were evaluated with CTAP and CTHA for the presence of portal and arterial blood supplies to the nodules. The nodules ranged from 0.4 to 4.5 cm in diameter (mean, 1.6 cm). RESULTS: The portal supply was present in 14 of the 19 (74%) low-grade dysplastic nodules and in seven of the 13 (54%) high-grade dysplastic nodules. The hepatic arterial supply was increased in four of the 19 (21%) low-grade dysplastic nodules, present in nine (47%), and absent in six (32%). The arterial supply was increased in four of the 13 (31%) high-grade dysplastic nodules, present in four (31%), and absent in five (38%). CONCLUSION: The portal and arterial supplies to the low- and high-grade dysplastic nodules were variable and inconsistent. Therefore, it is difficult to detect and characterize the dysplastic nodules on the radiologic images on the basis of the blood supply.