经阴道病灶切除术治疗剖宫产子宫瘢痕妊娠临床病例分析

目的:探讨剖宫产术后瘢痕处妊娠经阴道病灶切除术的方法。方法:收集2012年1月至2014年12月于我院就诊并接受经阴道子宫瘢痕妊娠物切除及清宫术治疗的早期瘢痕妊娠患者的临床资料,分析总结这些患者的诊断和治疗特点。结果:患者均有剖宫产史和停经史,血HCG均明显升高,妇科彩超及MRI检查时发现瘢痕妊娠。接受经阴道子宫瘢痕妊娠病灶切除术及清宫术后,患者均痊愈出院。超声监视下清宫组患者的手术时间短,术中出血量少,术后住院时间短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);经阴道病灶切除术组的术后血β-HCG转阴时间及月经来潮时间短,术后1个月超声测量子宫下段前壁肌层厚度较厚,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。停经天数,血清HCG水平,超声病灶大小与出血量呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:超声检查及MRI有助于剖宫产术后瘢痕处妊娠的诊断;阴式病灶切除术亦是治疗子宫瘢痕妊娠的有效方法,经阴道病灶切除术可有效治疗瘢痕处憩室。     

剖宫产后瘢痕处妊娠经阴道超声图像分析的临床意义

目的:探讨剖宫产后瘢痕处妊娠超声图像特点及其对临床处理的指导意义.方法:回顾性分析经阴道超声检查诊断为瘢痕处妊娠的40例患者的超声图像及其对应的临床处理资料.结果:①40例患者经二维阴道超声检查均明确诊断,超声图像表现为孕囊型6例、空泡型9例、团块型25例;CDFI表现为血流信号丰富15例、有血流信号20例、无血流信号5例,其中血流信号丰富患者的CDFI频谱多为高速低阻,占87%(阻力指数RI＜0.5).②根据团块或孕囊与肌层的关系分为4级.其中0级5例,均选择保守治疗全部成功;1级18例,行保守治疗成功17例,1例行子宫病灶切除术加子宫修补术;2级13例,11例行保守治疗成功,1例行子宫切除术,1例行子宫修补术;3级4例,3例行子宫切除术,1例行子宫修补术.结论:掌握阴道超声检查剖宫产后瘢痕处妊娠声像图特点,为正确诊断瘢痕处妊娠提供了依据.根据声像图中孕囊或团块与肌层的关系进行分级,并结合彩色血流检查结果,有利于指导选择合适的临床处理方案.     

剖宫产瘢痕妊娠终止妊娠手术中出血量的相关因素研究

目的探索剖宫产瘢痕妊娠终止妊娠手术中出血量的相关因素。方法对2010年1月至2016年12月厦门大学附属中山医院46例剖宫产瘢痕妊娠患者所属剖宫产瘢痕妊娠分型、子宫瘢痕肌层厚度、术前血β-h CG值等变量进行统计分析。结果不同类型剖宫产瘢痕妊娠患者术中出血量差异有统计学意义(P0.05);影响术中出血量的可能相关影响因素逐步回归分析显示:子宫瘢痕肌层厚度对术中出血量影响显著(P0.05),年龄、孕次、剖宫产次数、术前血β-hCG值等变量未进入回归方程(P0.05)。结论剖宫产瘢痕妊娠终止妊娠手术中出血量与患者所属剖宫产瘢痕妊娠分型及其子宫瘢痕肌层厚度密切相关,其中子宫瘢痕肌层厚度是影响术中出血量的独立危险因素。     

宫腔镜在治疗剖宫产疤痕处妊娠的临床价值

<正>剖宫产术后疤痕处妊娠(cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP)是受精卵、滋养叶细胞种植于前次剖宫产切口瘢痕处,被子宫肌纤维及瘢痕纤维组织所完全包绕,是一种罕见而危险的异位妊娠。胚胎着床于瘢痕部位可发生底蜕膜缺损,滋养细胞可侵入子宫肌层生长,绒毛与子宫肌层粘连、植入甚至穿透子宫壁,随着妊娠进展可导致子宫破裂及大出血。因此,     

超声造影在卵巢病变诊断中的应用价值初探

目的:观察不同卵巢病变的超声造影灌注特征,探讨超声造影检查在卵巢病变诊断及鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法:采用超声造影剂对44例卵巢病变共55个病灶进行经腹超声造影检查,选择正常组织(子宫肌层)作为参照,分析其增强模式和时间-强度曲线(TIC)参数.结果:共检出15例卵巢非肿瘤病变共18个病灶,29例肿瘤性病变共37个病灶...     

影像学技术在子宫瘢痕处妊娠诊治中的应用价值

对于有剖宫产史的子宫瘢痕处妊娠早孕病例,建议行经阴道彩色超声检查以了解胚胎的着床部位。三维超声、能量多普勒三维成像技术等的应用也提高了子宫瘢痕处妊娠的诊断率。而磁共振对于中晚孕的病例有较高的诊断价值,特别是对于怀疑有胎盘植入情况时。数字减影血管造影技术可以显示子宫动脉的分支,甚至子宫峡部血管分支出血的情况,对寻找病灶出血点,局部注射化疗药物、栓塞剂有切实的帮助。     

剖宫产切口愈合不良的治疗方法

剖宫产切口愈合不良亦称剖宫产切口憩室（previous cesarean scar defect,PCSD）,是剖宫产术后远期并发症之一,可以引起经期延长、不孕、瘢痕妊娠等临床表现,发病率有增高趋势。常用的辅助检查为经阴道超声或盐水灌注宫腔声学造影。治疗方法以微创手术为主,包括宫腔镜、腹腔镜、阴式手术。宫腔镜是最微创的手术方式,通过电切憩室周边的瘢痕组织利于憩室内经血引流,同时电凝憩室内膜组织减少不规则出血,还可改善子宫内膜环境有利于妊娠,但因有电损伤及子宫穿孔等风险,适合于残余肌层大于2 mm的患者,术后妊娠者需要按照子宫破裂高危人群进行管理。而对于瘢痕憩室处子宫肌壁厚度＜2 mm的患者建议采用腹腔镜手术或经阴道手术,通过切除瘢痕憩室后再次缝合,可有效改善症状。     

凶险型前置胎盘诊治进展

凶险型前置胎盘是指孕妇既往有剖宫产史,此次妊娠胎盘附着于原剖宫产子宫切口处。该病极易导致产科严重出血、泌尿系统和肠道损伤甚至死亡等严重并发症。孕前可通过子宫输卵管造影或超声筛查剖宫产瘢痕缺陷,检出高危人群;孕期可通过超声和MRI等影像学,以及检测异常增高的HCG、AFP等生化指标,检测孕母血清中胎儿血红蛋白γ链mRNA水平来警惕胎盘植入的发生。细胞DNA及胎盘mRNA来估测胎盘植入的发生。临床处置主张建立凶险型前置胎盘的处置流程,术前预防性使用介入治疗阻断子宫血流,术中个体化联合运用剖宫产、子宫动脉栓塞及子宫切除或子宫肌楔形切除,尽量减少对膀胱、输尿管和肠道的损伤。残留胎盘者术后甲氨蝶呤化疗并随访。     

剖宫产后瘢痕子宫妊娠的处理

为了探讨剖宫产术后瘢痕子宫妊娠的诊断和治疗 ,作者对台湾某医院的该类病例进行了回顾性研究。所有病例均使用阴道超声诊断 ,3种方法进行保守治疗以保留子宫 :甲氨蝶呤 (MTX)的局部病灶注射或全身用药 ,清宫以及剖宫产瘢痕处异位妊娠病灶的楔形切除。结果 :剖宫产瘢痕子宫妊娠的发生率为 1:2 2 16 ,在异位妊娠中所占比例为 6 .1%。平均发生年龄为 32岁 (2 7～ 4 1岁 ) ,从前次剖宫产到此次瘢痕子宫妊娠时间间隔为 6个月至 12年 ,诊断孕周为 5～ 12 + 4 周 ,5例中可见胎心搏动 ,所有病例均有阴道流血 ,其中 6例伴随腹痛。 1例因疑诊为不全…     

剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠20例临床治疗分析

目的探讨剖宫产术后瘢痕妊娠的临床特点、早期诊断及治疗方法。方法对煤炭总医院2010年4月至2014年4月收治的20例剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠(cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP)患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果超声确诊19例,1例B超可疑葡萄胎清宫后确诊瘢痕妊娠。4例单纯行清宫术;13例甲氨蝶呤+米非司酮治疗后行清宫术;1例清宫+米非司酮;2例阴道大出血患者行子宫动脉栓塞止血,其中1例行清宫术,另1例行清宫后结合MRI检查明确病灶与膀胱的关系,行开腹子宫瘢痕妊娠病灶切除术加子宫修补术。结论有剖宫产史的妇女因停经就诊时,要常规行超声检查,结合MRI检查可进一步明确诊断。子宫动脉栓塞可以迅速止血,药物加清宫可作为治疗子宫瘢痕妊娠的主要方法,必要时行子宫瘢痕病灶切除加子宫修补等治疗措施。     

影响剖宫产率与剖宫产指征的因素分析

目的：剖析近年来剖宫产率居高不下的主要影响因素，为制定降低剖宫产率的具体措施提供资料。方法：对1989年至2001年间吉林大学第二医院产科住院产妇的足月分娩病例进行回顾性分析。结果：①剖宫产率呈逐年上升趋势，而产钳率呈逐年下降趋势；②剖宫产占难产分娩的比例逐年增高，同期产钳助产占难产分娩的比例逐年下降；③2000年以前居于前四位的剖宫产手术指征是：相对头盆不称、胎儿窘迫、臀位、胎膜早破；1999年起珍贵儿指征已出现，2000年及2001年已跃居第二位；④2000年与2001年脐带绕颈作为剖宫产指征居于第五位和第六位；⑤因单因素指征行剖宫产的比例逐年增加，而因多因素指征行剖宫产的比例逐年下降。结论：现今，剖宫产手术指征已远远超过单纯医学指征的范围，来自孕产妇及医生的主观意愿影响着对分娩方式的合理选择。     

Prevalence and causes of cesarean births among women residing at high altitude in Lhasa,Tibet: A retrospective observational study of 7365 women

ObjectiveCurrently, there is paucity of data on the rate of vaginal deliveries and cesarean section among women in Tibet. In this study, we carried out an observational study of 7365 consecutive pregnant women in Lhasa, Tibet who gave birth at our tertiary care institution between 2012 and 2015.Materials and methodsIn this retrospective study, we reviewed the hospital records for demographic data, obstetric history, and the number of vaginal and emergency cesarean section deliveries. The overall and annual rate of vaginal and cesarean section deliveries was calculated. Causes, indications or risks for cesarean section were also analyzed.ResultsDuring the review period, 7365 neonates were delivered at our hospital, including 1690 (23.0%) deliveries via cesarean section. The yearly rate of cesarean section progressively declined from 26.7% in 2012 to 18% in 2015 (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the annual rate of emergency cesarean section declined 53.9%between 2012 and 2015(P < 0.001). Fetal risk factors (39.9%) and maternal risk factors (40.3%) were the major causes of cesarean section in the women. Social factors as a cause of cesarean section fluctuated between 7.9% and 11.1%.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated a steady decline in the annual rate of cesarean section in women in Tibet between 2012 and 2015. A decrease in the rate of emergency cesarean section contributed substantially to this decline. Moreover, approximately 10% caesarian sections were performed without clear indications, highlighting the need for strengthening prenatal counseling for pregnant women in Tibet.     

10年间剖宫产率及指征变化与围生儿死亡率的关系

目的：探讨剖宫产率及剖宫产指征变迁对围生儿死亡率的影响。方法：对10年间剖宫产病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果：1992－1996年剖宫产率为36．50％，显著低于1997－2001年的47．78％，两者比较，差异有极显著性（P＜0．01）。在剖宫产指征中，妊娠并发（合并）症始终处于第1位，社会因素上升为第2位，难产为第3位，胎儿窘迫为第4位。围生儿死亡率1992－1996年为17．88‰，1997-2001年为22．23‰，两者比较，差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论：剖宫产率升高在一定范围内降低了围生儿死亡率，但随着剖宫产率的进一步升高，围生儿死亡率并未随之下降。因此，应合理掌握剖宫产指征，降低剖宫产率。     

Spontaneous abdominal wall endometriosis: A Case Report and review of the literature

ObjectiveWe present a case of spontaneous abdominal wall endometriosis presenting as a painless nodular mass in a woman with no prior history of abdominal surgery.Case reportAbdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is an uncommon form of endometriosis, usually arising due to a past history of cesarean section or abdominal hysterectomy. However, in rare cases, abdominal wall endometriosis can arise in women with no prior history of abdominal surgery. A 48-year-old woman presented to our obstetrics and gynecology clinic with a painless nodular mass in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Abdominal wall ultrasound showed a hypoechoic heterogenous mass under the skin. Wide surgical resection of the mass was conducted and post-operative histopathological report revealed abdominal wall endometriosis.ConclusionSpontaneous abdominal wall endometriosis is an uncommon pathologic condition in which accurate diagnosis is difficult. As an increasing number of obstetrical and gynecological procedures are conducted worldwide, surgeons should keep this clinical entity in the differential diagnosis of any abdominal mass in reproductive-aged females regardless of their past surgical history.     

Attitudes towards mode of delivery and cesarean on demand in Turkey.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the attitudes of healthcare providers and the public in Turkey towards mode of delivery and cesarean delivery on demand. METHODS: A written questionnaire was given to female healthcare providers and women from the general public, and their answers were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 329 female healthcare providers and 347 women from the public group completed the survey. In response, 48.1% of healthcare providers and 69.6% of the public group chose vaginal delivery as the preferred mode of delivery (P<0.001). Some 45.3% of healthcare providers and 20.6% of the public group had undergone a cesarean delivery without any medical indications (P<0.001). In addition, 37.8% of healthcare providers and 36.2% of the public group believed that women should have the right to a cesarean delivery on demand. CONCLUSIONS: In the two groups studied the preference for cesarean delivery is higher in Turkish healthcare providers than in the public population. In both groups the attitude towards cesarean delivery on demand is high.     

Cesarean section on request in a developing country.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of cesarean sections (CSs) and women's reasons for requesting the procedure in a developing country. METHOD: Pregnant women scheduled for elective CS were interviewed to determine whether the procedure was requested by them or suggested by a physician. The women who personally requested a CS filled out questionnaires before surgery and at the postnatal visit 6 weeks later, and their answers were analyzed. RESULTS: The prevalence of CS on request was 4.4%. Previous infertility and advanced maternal age at first pregnancy were the most common reasons for requesting a CS, but most women said they would prefer a vaginal delivery in subsequent pregnancies. CONCLUSION: The women who requested a CS in this study did so for reasons different from those put forth by women in developed countries. The view that a CS is the surest way toward a live birth was the critical factor underlying their choice.     

剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠42例临床分析

行比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).治疗后42例患者均痊愈出院,行清宫术者于术后(32±10)d(10～60 d)月经复潮,其中5例主诉月经量减少;3例再次妊娠,其中1例患者1年后因妊娠39周再次行剖宫产术分娩,无合并症及再次CSP发生.结论 CSP较少见,临床上易误诊、误治,彩超在早期诊断方面起重要作用,子宫动脉栓塞术及甲氨蝶呤辅助治疗后行清宫术,不失为治疗CSP的有效方法.     

Cesarean scar pregnancy; Diagnosis and management between 2003 and 2015 in a single center

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate diagnosis and management of an ectopic pregnancy developing in a previous cesarean scar.