深圳市龙岗区新生儿转运模式及其应用研究

目的探索深圳市龙岗区的危重新生儿转运模式与方法,降低新生儿死亡率。方法对我院转运的256例危重新生儿进行回顾性研究,并对我院新生儿转运系统(NETS)起动前后3年来龙岗区新生儿死亡率进行分析。结果本组病例转运单程多在10～60 km；往返时间一般0.5～2.0 h。转运成功率、转运途中病死率、转运病死率、总治愈率和病死率分别为98.4％、0％、1.6％、93.8％和5.1％。全区新生儿死亡率由2002年的10.54‰降低至2004年的4.84‰。结论在建立二级NICU基础上,建立NETS,配备专职训练有素的队伍采用地面双程转运方式进行新生儿转运,是适合本地区的危重新生儿转运模式。     

危重新生儿转运模式及其应用研究

目的探索适合中国国情的危重新生儿转运模式与方法。方法对我院转运的1210例危重新生儿进行回顾性研究，并对新生儿转运系统(NETS)内的19家基层医院新生儿病死率进行分析。结果本组病例转运单程多在5～100公里(占97.7%)，最远200公里；往返时间一般0.5～4.0小时，最长12小时。转运成功率、转运途中病死率、转运病死率、总治愈率和病死率分别为93.2%、0.3%、1.4%、96.4%和6.7%。19家基层医院新生儿病死率由1994年的17.9%降低至1997年的9.3%。结论在新生儿加强医疗病房基础上，与基层医院密切联系，建立NETS，采用地面双程转运方式进行新生儿转运，是适合我国国情的危重新生儿转运模式。     

418例危重新生儿转运分析

目的研究危重新生儿转运对提高危重新生儿的抢救成功率，降低新生儿病死率的影响。方法建立沧州市中心医院危重新生儿转运系统，将沧州市所辖15个县市40多家医院产、儿科组成转运网络，对危重新生儿进行转运，部分进行转运前危重病例评分，开展了宫内转运及反向转运。结果我院4年来转运418例危重新生儿，途中无一例死亡，转运后死亡14例，自动出院12例，抢救成功率96．6％。宫内转运26例均成活，成功率100％。反向转运22例，无一例死亡，成功率100％。110例进行新生儿危重病例评分，危重组69例，成活66例，成活率96％；极危重组11例，成活5例，成活率45％。结论迅捷安全的转运工作有效地降低了危重新生儿的病死率。     

早产儿转运过程中的救护

我院NICU于2002年12月在河北省率先成立了危重新生儿转运系统（NETS），3年来共转运危重新生儿320例，其中早产儿184例，占转运儿的57．5％，并且早产儿所占比例在3年中呈逐渐上升趋势（转运开始的半年中早产儿占47．8％），加之早产儿自我调节能力差，疴胯变化快等特点会对NETS提出更高的要求，因此，早产儿转运过程中的救护已越来越成为新生儿院前急救工作的重中之重。现将我们在早产儿转运过程中的救护报告如下。     

浅论危重新生儿转运系统对救治危重早产儿的重要作用

危重新生儿转运系统（NETS）是新生儿重症救护（NICU）工作的重要组成部分，早产儿尤其是极低出生体重早产儿的及时转运，使之得到更妥善、更正规的治疗，是省级妇幼保健院发挥医疗资源优势，解决基层医院医疗力量相对薄弱，降低危重早产儿病死率及致残率的重要环节；通过对近两年从省内20多个地市县区转来我院就治的危重早产儿113例案例分析，显示了NETS对成功救治危重早产儿的重要作用。     

危重新生儿转运46例临床分析

危重新生儿转运系统(NETS)的建立已成为NICU工作的重要组成部分，是院前急救的重要环节。我院NICU于2002年11月正式启动NETS，这是我省第一家开展此项工作的单位，至2003年4月共转运危重新生儿46名，报告如下。     

50例危重新生儿转运实际运作及护理

危重新生儿转运工作是新生儿医疗工作的重要环节 ,是将危重新生儿从基层医院转到条件更好的医院的ＮＩＣＵ ,进行进一步监护、诊断及治疗的过程 ,是将移动的ＮＩＣＵ包括人员、设备 ,送到危重新生儿身旁的医疗项目。我院自 1999年 11月— 2 0 0 0年 11月建立危重新生儿转运项目以来 ,共转运危重新生儿 5 0例 ,现结合我院新生儿转运的临床观察 ,谈谈护理体会。1　临床资料我院ＮＩＣＵ转运危重新生儿 5 0例 ,其中男 2 9例 ,女 2 1例 ,转运日龄 <1ｄ 36例 ,～ 3ｄ 8例 ,～ 10ｄ 6例 ;胎龄<37周 2 4例 ,～ 42周 2 6例 ;出生体重<2 5 0 0ｇ 2 4…     

危重新生儿院前急救转运203例分析

为了降低危重新生儿病死率 ,发挥NICU病房的优势 ,在辖区内建立危重新生儿急救转运网络系统 ,对提高危重新生儿抢救成功率 ,减少致残率 ,降低病死率起到了积极的作用。现将我院2 0 0 1年 1月— 2 0 0 2年 9月转运危重新生儿 2 0 3例报告如下。1　资料及方法1 1　一般资料　男 170例 (83 74%) ,女 33例 (16 2 6 %)。转运日龄 :≤ 12h79例 (38 92 %) ,≤ 2 4h 36例(17 73%) ,≤ 48h 2 1例 (10 34 %) ,≤3d 13例 (6 4 0 %) ,≤ 7d 2 9例(14 2 9%) ,>7d 2 5例 (12 32 %) ,其中～ 2 4h 115例 (5 6 6 5 %)。出生体重 :<15 0 0 g2 7例 (13 3…     

危重新生儿转运46例临床分析

危重新生儿转运系统(NETS)的建立已成为NICU工作的重要组成部分,是院前急救的重要环节.我院NICU于2002年11月正式启动NETS,这是我省第一家开展此项工作的单位,至2003年4月共转运危重新生儿46名,报告如下.     

建立危重新生儿转运网的初步尝试

目的　探讨建立区域性新生儿转运网 ,降低新生儿死亡率、减少伤残及改善预后情况。方法　与北京市东城区所属医院建立绿色通道 ,1999年 11月～ 2 0 0 3年 5月共转诊新生儿 2 5 1例 ,早产儿 183例 (占72 .9% ) ,其中胎龄 2 6～ 30周 19例 ,出生体重 <15 0 0 g 2 8例 ;病种以呼吸系统疾病为主。 3年来共出诊 16 7例次 ,使用转运暖箱 10 2次 ,出动救护车 5 1次 ,参与复苏抢救 6 5次。结果　转诊人数逐年增多 ,2 5 1例新生儿中治愈 2 30例 (治愈率 91.6 % ) ,家长放弃治疗 17例 ,死亡 4例。结论　建立区域性三级转诊系统是降低新生儿病死率的重要环节 ,具备急救技术和训练有素的主动转运方式可使危重儿在生命的最初阶段得到及时和序贯治疗 ,从而全面提高救治质量 ;早产儿尽早转运、重视转运前急救是转运成功的保证 ;提倡胎儿于宫内时转运 ,以进一步降低孕产妇死亡率     

Role of nutrients in the regulation of in vivo protein metabolism in humans

Nutrients regulate protein metabolism both in an acute fashion and on a long-term basis. The ingestion of meals is associated with a dramatic switch from an overall catabolic state to a state of net protein anabolism. The acute response of protein metabolism to meal ingestion is mediated, in part, by an increase in insulin secretion, itself a consequence of glucose absorption. Whereas insulin may primarily suppress rates of proteolysis, amino acids are responsible for the stimulation of protein synthesis that follows food intake. In the long run, the effects of nutrition on protein metabolism depend on the energy supply, the source of the energy (carbohydrate versus fat) and dietary protein intake. Finally, specific amino acids, such as glutamine, may play an additional role as protein anabolic agents.     

氨磷汀在儿童肿瘤化疗中的应用

目的研究氨磷汀在儿童肿瘤化疗中的作用及不良反应。方法随机选择肿瘤32例患儿,采用自身对照,观察患儿在同一化疗方案中使用氨磷汀辅助治疗后黏膜损伤、骨髓抑制时间、发热持续时间、抗生素及刺激因子应用时间及氨磷汀的不良反应。结果氨磷汀辅助治疗组发生黏膜溃疡4例,明显低于对照组9例;中性粒细胞<0.5×109/L持续时间缩短,血小板<5×109/L持续时间缩短;发热持续时间、抗生素和刺激因子应用时间缩短。两组化疗过程中均未出现低体温、皮疹、低血压等情况,化疗后肾功能、心电图均正常;对肝功能影响程度相似;氨磷汀组低钙血症尤其是低钙性抽搐发生率高。结论氨磷汀能够有效保护正常组织细胞,不良反应较低,可在儿童肿瘤患者化疗中应用。     

Determinants of pregnancy in adolescents in Nepal

Objective : Social factors and prevalent norms in the community determine the proportion of teenage pregnancy in the community. In the light of high risk associated with teenage pregnancy, the socio-cultural determinants, which influence the conception among teenagers in Nepal, need to be understood. These determinants may be modified by suitable interventions to reduce teenage pregnancy. Aim of this study was to examine the socio-cultural determinants of teenage pregnancy in eastern Nepal.Methods : A case-control study design was selected for comparing the education, economic status, family support and freedom towards conception among teenagers as compared to higher age group women.Result : Seventy adolescent pregnant women were compared with seventy primigravida women in the 20 to 29 years age group. The teenage pregnant women were less educated, had poor economic background, more likely to have accidental pregnancies as compared to the other group and more likely to have love marriages. Husbands were more likely to decide about continuation of pregnancy. They had less psychological and social support from the family.Conclusion : Marriage at young age and pregnancy during teens are associated with less social acceptance and poor support in the family.     

皮质激素在癫痫治疗中的应用

皮质激素在癫痫中的应用已有近50a的历史，现已证明其对某些癫痫综合征如婴儿痉挛症、Landau—Kleffner综合征、Rassmussen综合征、具有睡眠中癫痫性电持续状态的癫痫综合征等具有肯定的治疗作用，其确切的作用机制尚不清楚。在皮质激素应用过程中应注意其不良反应。     

Role of nutrients in the regulation of in vivo protein metabolism in humans

Nutrients regulate protein metabolism both in an acute fashion and on a long-term basis. The ingestion of meals is associated with a dramatic switch from an overall catabolic state to a state of net protein anabolism. The acute response of protein metabolism to meal ingestion is mediated, in part, by an increase in insulin secretion, itself a consequence of glucose absorption. Whereas insulin may primarily suppress rates of proteolysis, amino acids are responsible for the stimulation of protein synthesis that follows food intake. In the long run, the effects of nutrition on protein metabolism depend on the energy supply, the source of the energy (carbohydrate versus fat) and dietary protein intake. Finally, specific amino acids, such as glutamine, may play an additional role as protein anabolic agents.     

他汀类药物在儿童家族性高胆固醇血症治疗中的研究进展

家族性高胆固醇血症(FH)是一种常染色体显性遗传的脂质代谢障碍疾病,由于FH早期就可引起动脉粥样硬化病变,增加患者严重心血管疾病的患病风险和死亡风险,因此目前越来越强调患者自儿童期就使用他汀类药物进行治疗,以改善远期预后。文章综述他汀类药物治疗儿童FH的必要性、有效性和安全性,同时也提出目前存在的一些问题和思考。     

Diagnosis of Chlamydia pneumoniae in community-acquired pneumonia in children in Chile

The incidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in community-acquired pneumonia in children was studied prospectively in 112 children aged 1 mo to 14 y. Diagnosis of C. pneumoniae was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on nasopharyngeal aspirates and serology by the microimmunofluorescence test on a single serum specimen. Three (2.7%) cases of pneumonia due to this agent were diagnosed by both PCR and serology. C. pneumoniae was not found in any of 62 children below 5 y of age. In the age group 5-8 y, only 1/30 (3%) was found positive, and in the age group 9-14 y, C. pneumoniae was diagnosed in 2/20 (10%) children. Conclusion: Although the number of enrolled patients is small, and the diagnostic techniques used may have some limitations, the results of this study suggest that C. pneumoniae plays a minor role in the aetiology of pneumonia in children less than 9 y of age in our country. However, it should be considered as a potential agent in pneumonia in older children.     

Efficacy of amphotericin B in multi-drug resistant kala-azar in children in first decade of life

Fifty children in the first decade of life, and suffering from multiple drug resistant kala-azar, confirmed by demonstration of amastigotes in aspirates of bone marrow or spleen were treated with amphotericin B in gradually increasing dosage to a total dose of 20 mg/kg. All patients had classical features of severe kala-azar, and had taken more than one course of antimony and pentamidine, and three patients had taken one additional course of ketoconazole besides many courses of antimony and pentamidine. The clinical response started just after first infusion in 8 patients, and the patients became afebrile. By 5th infusion, all looked better and 18 patients became afebrile. By 15th infusion all patients were afebrile and cheerful. Their spleens became smaller and body weights and total white cell counts increased. Forty eight patients had parasitological cure at the end of treatment, and only 2 patients required an additional 5 infusions for parasitological cure. All patients were ultimately cured. No one relapsed within six months of follow up. All patients had shivering, rigor and rise of temperature on the day of infusion, which could be minimized with prior administration of low dose of hydrocortisone, but could not be eliminated. Eighteen patients had loose motions during treatment, while 14 patients had decrease in appetite which improved quickly when the treatment was over. Fourteen patients had transient rise of blood urea, in six patients serum creatinine also increased and 16 patients had a minor fall in serum potassium. It is concluded that amphotericin B is a very effective drug for multidrug resistant kala-azar in children, and should be used without hesitation in all such cases in children, but under close medical supervision.