绞股蓝总皂苷对体内外血栓及凝血功能的影响

以静脉注射高分子右旋糖苷造模,使实验动物的体内外血栓形成时间延长,凝血功能发生障碍。绞股蓝总皂苷对以ＨＭＷＤ所致的血栓形成时间缩短具有较强的对抗作用,对ＨＭＷＤ引起凝血时间及凝血酶原时间（ＰＴ）的缩短亦具有较强对抗作用。对白陶土部分凝血活酶时间（ＫＰＴＴ）缩短有一定的延长作用,但无统计学意义。     

纳豆激酶的纤溶活性及其机理研究

目的研究纳豆激酶的抗血栓作用 ,探讨其主要作用机理。方法通过药理实验方法观察纳豆激酶对体内急性血栓形成 ,以及对血液凝固系统全血凝血时间、凝血酶原时间、凝血酶时间、活化部分凝血活酶时间和血液中纤维蛋白原含量变化的影响。结果纳豆激酶提取物可对抗小鼠体内血栓形成 ,对内外源性凝血途径均有影响 ,同时有直接的溶栓作用。结论纳豆激酶具有较强的纤溶活性。     

利血康的活血和止血作用研究

目的用小鼠和家兔对利血康的活血和止血作用进行研究。方法采用胶原蛋白-肾上腺素诱发小鼠体内血栓形成模型、家兔免疫性血小板减少症模型以及环磷酰胺致小鼠血小板减少症模型。结果高、中剂量的利血康对胶原蛋白-肾上腺素诱发小鼠体内血栓形成有明显的保护作用;高、中、低3种剂量均能明显对抗环磷酰胺致小鼠血小板减少,高剂量还能明显缩短环磷酰胺致小鼠出血时间的延长;高、中剂量均能明显对抗免疫性血小板减少症家兔凝血时间的延长。结论利血康具有活血化瘀和止血作用。     

莲心碱对血小板聚集、凝血功能和血栓形成的影响

目的探讨莲心碱对大鼠体内血小板聚集和凝血功能的影响,同时评价其抗血栓作用。方法以二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导血小板聚集,采用比浊法观察莲心碱对大鼠体内血小板1、5min聚集率和最大聚集率的影响;通过毛细管法和减尾法分别研究莲心碱对小鼠凝血时间和尾出血时间的影响,同时评价莲心碱对大鼠凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血激酶时间(APTT)及凝血酶时间(TT)的影响;采用Chandler法及动静脉旁路模型研究莲心碱对大鼠体外血栓和动静脉旁路血栓形成的影响。结果莲心碱5mg·L-1和10mg·L-1均能明显抑制ADP诱导的大鼠体内血小板1、5min聚集率和最大聚集率;明显延长大鼠PT、APTT和TT;明显延长小鼠凝血时间及尾出血时间;不同程度抑制大鼠体外血栓和动静脉旁路血栓形成,减轻血栓湿重和干重。结论莲心碱可明显对抗血栓形成,并具有对抗血小板聚集和凝血作用。     

大钻水提物对小鼠凝血时间以及血栓形成的影响

目的 探讨大钻水提物对小鼠凝血时间以及血栓形成的影响.方法 采用断尾法观察大钻水提取物对正常小鼠出血时间的影响;采用卡拉胶诱发小鼠黑尾法,观察大钻水提物对小鼠尾部血栓形成以及凝血时间的影响.结果 大钻水提物能够显著延长正常小鼠断尾出血时间;能够显著减轻卡拉胶诱发小鼠黑尾程度,并显著延长该模型小鼠的凝血时间.结论 大钻水提物具有显著的抗凝血和抗血栓形成作用.     

扶芳藤对血栓形成及凝血系统的影响

试验表明扶芳藤水煎液能明显抑制家兔血栓形成。延长凝血酶元时间；能明显缩短小鼠凝血时间和出血时间，提示扶芳藤有预防血栓形成及止血作用。     

聚乙二醇化降纤酶对血小板聚集和凝血功能的影响

目的研究聚乙二醇化降纤酶对血小板聚集和凝血功能的影响。方法以二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导血小板聚集,用Labor aggregometer-153型双道血小板聚集仪测定血小板最大聚集率,观察聚乙二醇化降纤酶对大鼠体内血小板聚集的影响;同时通过对Beagle犬各个时间点凝血指标:凝血酶时间(TT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)和纤维蛋白原(FIB)含量的观察,研究聚乙二醇化降纤酶对beagle犬凝血功能的影响。结果聚乙二醇化降纤酶低、中、高剂量组均能明显抑制ADP诱导的大鼠血小板聚集作用;降低纤维蛋白原(FIB)含量,延长beagle犬TT、PT、APTT时间,等剂量的聚乙二醇化降纤酶药效达峰和维持时间均较阳性药降纤酶的长。结论聚乙二醇化降纤酶具有较强的对抗血小板聚集和凝血作用。     

甘露醇对动物静脉血栓形成及凝血时间的影响

目的:研究甘露醇对动物实验性血栓形成及凝血时间的影响;方法:给大白鼠颈外静脉、家兔耳缘静脉及小白鼠尾静脉注射10%～20%甘露醇100～200mg·kg-1,观察其对动物体外血栓形成及凝血时间的影响.结果:20%甘露醇200 mg·kg-1对大白鼠、家兔体外血栓形成有促进的作用,促进率分别为30.6%,31.5%;10%甘露醇对大白鼠和家兔体外血栓形成几乎无促进作用,与生理盐水比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05);10%～20%甘露醇100～200 mg·kg-1对小白鼠体外凝血时间具有缩短作用,与生理盐水比较差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:20%甘露醇200 mg·kg-1对大白鼠和家兔体外血栓形成有弱的促进作用,不同浓度甘露醇对小白鼠凝血时间均有缩短,     

醋柳黄酮对家兔血液流变性、血小板及凝血功能的影响

目的:研究醋柳黄酮(TFH)对家兔血液流变性、血小板及凝血功能的影响.方法:测定醋柳黄酮灌胃给药对家兔血黏度、血小板聚集、血栓形成和凝血功能的影响.结果:醋柳黄酮灌胃1.5～10 mg·kg-1可显著降低家兔全血黏度、血浆黏度;抑制ADP诱导的家兔血小板聚集;抑制血栓形成;明显延长活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT).结论:醋柳黄酮具有改善家兔血液流变性、抑制血栓形成作用.     

甘草酸二铵对动物静脉血栓形成及凝血时间的影响

目的：研究甘草酸二铵(diammonium glycyrrnizinate, DG)对实验动物静脉血栓形成及凝血时间的影响；方法：给家兔耳缘静脉、大白鼠颈外静脉及小白鼠尾静脉注射DG 10～20 mg·kg 1，静脉注射30 min后，观察其对动物体外血栓形成及凝血时间的影响。结果：10～20 mg·kg 1的DG对大白鼠体外血栓形成有抑制作用，抑制率分别为68.7%，72.5%；对家兔体外血栓形成有抑制的作用，抑制率分别为12.7%，26.7%；对小白鼠体外凝血时间有延长作用，与0.9%氯化钠注射液比较差异有极显著性(P＜0.01)。结论：10～20 mg·kg 1 DG对家兔、大白鼠体外血栓形成有抑制作用，对小白鼠凝血时间有延长作用。     

青霉烷砜和氨苄青霉素在小鼠和狗的药代动力学(英文)

青霉烷砜是一新的β-内酰胺酶抑制剂。本文报告青霉烷砜与氨苄青霉素在小鼠和狗的药代动学,两药血清药物浓度采用TLC法测定。在小鼠分别静脉注射青霉烷砜和氨苄青霉素,前者的药代动力学特征与后者相似,半衰期约为50min,两药均可在中央室和外周室间迅速平衡,并能广泛分布于细胞外液和组织。两药合并静脉注射给药,在两种动物上两药的药代动力学基本互不影响。     

SODIUM AND NORADRENALINE IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AND BLOOD IN SALT-SENSITIVE AND NON-SALT-SENSITIVE ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION

1. The effects of dietary sodium on blood pressure and levels of sodium, other electrolytes and noradrenaline (NA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood of 15 patients with essential hypertension were studied. The CSF and blood sampling was carried out after 7 days of a high salt intake (16-18 g/day) and after 7 days of a low salt intake (1-3 g/day). 2. Blood pressure and sodium concentrations in CSF and serum were significantly higher in the high salt period than the low salt period (CSF Na+ concentration: 147.7 +/- 0.4 mmol/L vs 145.3 +/- 0.5 mmol/L; P less than 0.001). Levels of CSF pressure and potassium or calcium concentrations were not different between the two periods. Plasma NA and plasma renin activity (PRA) were lower and CSF NA levels tended to be lower in the high salt period. 3. The levels and the changes in sodium and NA in CSF were not significantly different between the salt-sensitive (n = 8) and the non-salt-sensitive (n = 7) subjects, but the changes in plasma NA and PRA were smaller in the salt-sensitive subjects. 4. These results indicate that the sympathetic nervous system is less suppressed in salt-sensitive subjects during high salt intake. This may be due to altered neural responsiveness to sodium loading rather than being greater increases in sodium concentration in the central nervous system.     

RENIN AND PRORENIN IN REPRODUCTIVE TISSUES DURING GESTATION IN PIGS AND CATTLE

1. High concentrations of prorenin and active renin were previously found in ovarian follicular fluid from cattle but not from pigs. In the present study female reproductive tissues and fluids from cattle and pigs during gestation were investigated to clarify a possible species difference in active renin and prorenin concentrations. 2. Very high concentrations of active renin but no prorenin were found in corpus luteum from both species. 3. Relatively low concentrations of active renin, in the same order as in maternal blood plasma, were found in myometrium, endometrium, placenta and fetal membranes from both species. Prorenin was undetectable in these tissues except for bovine myometrium and porcine endometrium in some animals. 4. The concentrations of active renin and prorenin in amnionic fluid from both species were below the maternal plasma values. In allantoic fluid the concentrations were higher than in amnionic fluid. 5. The plasma concentrations of active renin and prorenin did not change during gestation in pigs. This finding is in contrast to the observations in humans and does not support a systemic effect of prorenin during gestation. 6. The presence of renin in the reproductive tissues, especially the very high concentrations in the corpus luteum, indicates a local function of the renin-angiotensin system during gestation.     

RITANSERIN AND SEROTONERGIC MECHANISMS IN BLOOD PRESSURE AND FLUID REGULATION IN SHEEP

1. In previous studies, exogenous serotonin (5-HT), administered intravenously, caused dose-related increases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate in conscious sheep. The 5-HT2 antagonist ketanserin (0.1 mg/kg per h, i.v.) was shown to lower blood pressure in the conscious sheep primarily through antagonism of alpha-adrenoceptors. 2. A newer 5-HT2 antagonist, ritanserin, is a more selective antagonist in vivo, as it attenuated or abolished pressor responses to exogenous 5-HT, but not to phenylephrine. 3. When infused alone, ritanserin (0.1 mg/kg per h, i.v.) failed to produce a decrease in blood pressure, suggesting that 5-HT antagonistic properties are not sufficient by themselves to lower blood pressure. 4. Ritanserin displayed a different metabolic profile to ketanserin, with a markedly decreased water intake. The mechanism of this effect is unresolved, but may imply a permissive role for 5-HT in the modulation of drinking responses in the sheep. 5. Ritanserin did not modify ACTH-induced hypertension in sheep.     

布洛芬缓释胶囊的研制及体内外评价

用糖衣锅包衣法制得的布洛芬（１）微囊，其释放速率与芬必得（２）相仿。８名健康受试者交叉口服６００ｍｇ１微囊及２胶囊，两者的药时曲线下面积（ＡＵＣ）、达峰时间（Ｔｍａｘ）、峰浓度（Ｃｍａｘ）均无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

IN VIVO ESTIMATION OF CHANGES IN DISTAL TUBULE FLOW AND THEIR ROLE IN DEXAMETHASONE-INDUCED KALIURESIS IN CONTROL AND POTASSIUM-ADAPTED RATS

The aim of this study was to determine whether the kaliuresis associated with glucocorticoids is due to a direct tubular action or is secondary to effects of glucocorticoids on distal tubule flow. A whole kidney technique was used to avoid the problem, inherent in microperfusion and micropuncture studies, of deciding whether (all) the appropriate nephron segment(s) are being studied. The method used was to determine the best whole kidney measure of distal tubule flow (the independent variable) by correlating this with the dependent variable (potassium excretion, corrected for differences in plasma potassium, UkV/PIK+) in conscious intact and adrenalectomized control and potassium-adapted rats. After an intragastric potassium chloride load, the correlation of UkV/PIK+ with UkV + UNaV was better than with either UNaV or UV, as measures of distal tubule flow. From the relationship a measure of potassium excretion independent of distal tubule flow can thus be calculated as UkV/PIK+ divided by (UkV + UNaV), defined as UK#. Measurement of UK# clearly demonstrates decreases in potassium excretion with adrenalectomy and increases in potassium excretion with aldosterone and in the potassium-adapted rat, consistent with described changes in potassium secretion. In contrast, with dexamethasone treatment, whilst there was an increase in UkV and UkV/PIK+, there was no change in UK# either in the control of potassium-adapted rats. These results suggest that the kaliuretic effect of dexamethasone cannot be attributed to direct tubular effects of glucocorticoids but rather can be explained by its effect on distal tubule flow.     

珍珠母贝中糖胺聚糖的提取分离纯化

目的:对马氏珍珠母贝中提取、分离得到的糖胺聚糖(glycosam inog lycans,GAG)进行化学组分研究。方法:样品经还原、水解和乙酰化,采用气相色谱-质谱法定性测定。结果:测定出马氏珍珠母贝中经提取、分离得到的GAG中的3种主要成分,其骨架结构分别与(硫酸乙酰)肝素、(硫酸)软骨素和透明质酸相符。结论:马氏珍珠母贝中提取分离的糖胺聚糖中含有肝素、软骨素和透明质酸。     

粉防己碱在体内的代谢转化

粉防已碱有多种药理作用,近年我国又发现它可以防治矽肺。薄层层析及高压液相层析结果表明,粉防己碱进入大鼠及人体内,大部分以原形存在,少部分被转化,在大鼠的肝、肺、尿及人尿中,代谢产物可能有两个粉防己碱-N-2′-氧化物异构体和N-2′-去甲基粉防己碱。在两个粉防己碱-N-2′-氧化物中,其一前人已有报道,另一个为新化合物,根据核磁共振谱、质谱以及它能还原成粉防己碱,确定了其化学结构。本文给出了粉防己碱的气相层析及高压液相层析的实验条件。     

CHANGES IN SALINE AND WATER INTAKES IN BROMOCRIPTINE-TREATED GENETICALLY HYPERTENSIVE AND NORMOTENSIVE RATS

1. We have previously reported on the effects of a 13-day intraperitoneal infusion of bromocriptine delivered by osmotic pump on blood pressure, plasma and pituitary PRL levels in genetically hypertensive (GH) rats and their normotensive (NT) controls. This paper reports further on that study in describing the changes in saline and water intakes in rats as a result of bromocriptine (BRC) treatment. 2. In the GH rats, bromocriptine did not have any significant effect on saline or water intake. 3. In the NT rats, bromocriptine significantly decreased saline intake and increased water intake. 4. The saline intake in the vehicle-treated GH rats was significantly lower than that in the vehicle-treated NT rats while the water intake was not significantly different. 5. These results indicate that differences exist between the GH and NT rats with regard to their saline and water intakes and their responses to chronic bromocriptine treatment. The changes in saline and water intakes in the GH rats seem to be different from those seen in the spontaneously hypertensive rat in another study.