高血压合并高脂血症对血管早期病变的影响

目的探讨高血压合并高脂血症患者肱踝脉搏波传导速度和踝臂指数的变化及相关影响因素。方法随机入选高血压合并高脂血症患者和单纯高血压患者各400例。检测肱踝脉搏波传导速度、踝臂指数、血糖、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇等指标,比较两组肱踝脉搏波传导速度和踝臂指数值的差异,对血脂异常进行临床分型,比较各血脂异常亚型之间肱踝脉搏波传导速度值的差异,并对肱踝脉搏波传导速度相关影响因素进行相关分析。结果高血压合并高脂血症组肱踝脉搏波传导速度值(1674.0±13.0 cm/s)较单纯高血压组(1594.0±11.2 cm/s)显著升高(P<0.001);两组间踝臂指数值差异无统计学意义(P=0.897)。高血压病患者中,高甘油三酯血症、高胆固醇血症、混合型血脂异常组肱踝脉搏波传导速度值均显著高于单纯高血压组(P<0.001)。单因素相关分析表明,总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白均与动脉硬度指标肱踝脉搏波传导速度显著相关(P<0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析结果表明,高血压患者中收缩压、年龄、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白、体质指数和空腹血糖与反映动脉僵硬度的肱踝脉搏波传导速度关系密切(P<0.05),总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白(β=0.104,P<0.001),是仅次于收缩压和年龄的影响因素。结论血脂与肱踝脉搏波传导速度相关,高脂血症加速了高血压病患者的动脉硬化,高甘油三酯血症对动脉硬度的影响与高胆固醇血症相当,应引起足够的重视。     

高血压合并2型糖尿病患者动脉弹性与氧化应激和血管内皮功能的相关性

目的 研究高血压合并糖尿病患者肱-踝脉搏波传导速度与血清中丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶和一氧化氮的相关性,探讨氧化应激、血管内皮功能变化在动脉硬化过程中的作用.方法 研究对象168例分为正常对照组(n=40)、原发性高血压组(n=70)和高血压合并2型糖尿病组(n=58),各组分别用比色法检测血清丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶和一氧化氮含量,应用动脉硬化自动检测仪测定肱-踝脉搏波传导速度.结果 与对照组比较,原发性高血压组和高血压合并2型糖尿病组中丙二醛水平和肱.踝脉搏波传导速度明显增高(P<0.01),超氧化物歧化酶和一氧化氮水平明显降低(P<0.01);与原发性高血压组比较,高血压合并2型糖尿病组丙二醛水平和肱-踝脉搏波传导速度明显增高(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶和一氧化氮水平降低(P<0.05).相关分析显示肱-踝脉搏波传导速度与年龄、收缩压、舒张压、胆固醇、空腹血糖、高敏C反应蛋白和丙二醛呈正相关(相关系数r分别为0.418、0.672、0.469、0.179、0.392、0.277和0.571,均P<0.05),与超氧化物歧化酶和一氧化氮呈负相关(r分别为-0.438和-0.571,均P<0.05).多元逐步回归分析显示收缩压、丙二醛、空腹血糖和年龄是肱-踝脉搏波传导速度的独立危险因素.结论 高血压合并糖尿病患者动脉弹性明显减弱,且与体内氧化应激增强和血管内皮功能损伤有关,提示氧化应激和血管内皮功能在动脉硬化过程中起重要作用.     

老年高血压患者血浆TAS与肱-踝脉搏波传导速度的相关性研究

【】目的 观察和探讨原发性高血压病老年患者血浆总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant status,TAS)水平情况,及其与肱-踝脉搏波传导速度(brachial-ankle pulsewave velocity,baPWV)的相关性。方法 入选2013年1月-2014年1月于我院就诊的老年原发性高血压患者180例作为研究观察对象,另选取健康体检者90例作为对照对象,检测两组受试者血浆TAS并进行比较分析,同时对比两组受试者两侧baPWV和踝臂指数(ABI),探寻血浆TAS与baPWV的相关性。结果 观察组血浆TAS浓度明显低于对照组,差异具有显著性,P＜0.05;观察组受试者双侧baPWV平均值均明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义,P＜0.05;而两组双侧踝臂指数(ABI)则无明显差异,P＞0.05;应用相关性分析对血浆TAS与baPWV关系进行分析结果显示,两者呈负相关,r=-0.457,P＜0.05。结论 原发性高血压病老年患者体内抗氧化能力普遍降低,肱-踝脉搏波传导速度明显增高,两者呈负相关,说明患者抗氧化能力下降可能参与动脉损害过程当中,且与动脉弹性下降有显著的关联性。     

血清Irisin水平与肱-踝动脉脉搏波传导速度、踝臂指数相关性分析

目的:研究血清Irisin水平与肱-踝动脉脉搏波传导速度(Ba-PWV)、踝臂指数的相关性。方法:入选阜外医院147例住院患者。应用自动分析仪测定Ba-PWV及肱动脉和踝动脉收缩压,计算踝臂指数。采用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)方法检测患者血清Irisin水平。依据Ba-PWV将入组患者分为Ba-PWV较高组(n=93,Ba-PWV≥1 400 cm/s)和Ba-PWV较低组(n=54,Ba-PWV1 400 cm/s);依据踝臂指数将入组患者分为踝臂指数较低组(n=31,踝臂指数0.9)和踝臂指数较高组(n=116,踝臂指数≥0.9)。结果:与Ba-PWV较低组比较,Ba-PWV较高组患者年龄较大(P=0.035)、高血压比例较高(P=0.006)、血沉较快(P=0.020)、空腹血糖较高(P=0.002)、血清Irisin水平较低(P=0.007)。将上述变量纳入多因素向后逐步Logistic回归分析模型,结果显示:血清Irisin水平与高Ba-PWV呈负相关(偏相关系数:-0.559,P=0.003,OR=0.572,95%CI:0.394~0.831)。与踝臂指数较低组比较,踝臂指数较高组患者年龄较小(P=0.005)、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇较低(P=0.004)、血清总胆固醇较低(P=0.002)、空腹血糖较低(P=0.007)、载脂蛋白B较低(P=0.030)、吸烟人数较多(P=0.045)、血清Irisin水平较高(P=0.014)。将上述变量纳入多因素向后逐步Logistic回归分析模型,结果显示:血清Irisin水平与低踝臂指数呈负相关(偏相关系数-0.734,P=0.035,OR=0.480,95%CI:0.243~0.949)。结论:Irisin与大动脉硬化及外周动脉粥样硬化相关。     

高血压合并肥胖患者脉搏波传导速度的变化及其相关影响因素分析

目的 探讨高血压合并肥胖患者脉搏波传导速度的变化及其相关影响因素.方法 随机入选高血压合并肥胖患者和单纯高血压患者各300例.应用日本科林VP-1000动脉硬化测定仪测定臂踝脉搏波传导速度,同时检测血糖、甘油三酯、肌酐、尿酸、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇及腰围等指标,并以臂踝脉搏波传导速度为因变量,以年龄、收缩压、舒张压、脉压、体质指数、腰围、血糖、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、肌酐、尿酸等为自变量,行臂踝脉搏波传导速度的多因素分析.结果 高血压合并肥胖患者臂踝脉搏波传导速度(1635±239cm/s)较单纯高血压患者(1583±288 cm/s)显著升高(P<0.05).Pearson相关分析表明,两组臂踝脉搏波传导速度均与收缩压、脉压显著正相关(P<0.05),与舒张压无相关性(P>0.05).多元逐步回归分析表明,600例高血压患者中年龄、收缩压和腰围与反映动脉僵硬度的臂踝脉搏波传导速度关系密切(P<0.05).结论 高血压合并肥胖患者与单纯高血压患者之间臂踝脉搏波传导速度存在显著性差异,年龄、收缩压及腰围与臂踝脉搏波传导速度相关.     

超重和肥胖与动脉僵硬度的相关性研究

目的 分析超重和肥胖与动脉僵硬度的关系.方法 选取2007至2009年江苏省社区自然人群4585名为研究对象进行回顾性研究.以体质指数(BMI)评价超重和肥胖,肱踝脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)评价动脉僵硬度.将BMI分别作为连续变量(以l kg/m2递增)和等级变量(体重正常、体重过轻、超重和肥胖)进行logistic多因素逐步回归分析,评价高动脉僵硬度风险和人群归因危险度百分比,并通过受试者工作(ROC)曲线分析BMI对高动脉僵硬度的预测价值.结果 (1)控制年龄后,男性和女性的BMI与baPWV均呈正相关(r值分别为0.213和0.186,P均＜0.01).超重、肥胖人群baPWV和高动脉僵硬度发生率均高于正常组(P均＜0.01).(2)logistic回归模型校正年龄、性别、高血压因素后,连续变量BMI致高动脉僵硬度的OR值为1.146(95％CI:1.117～1.175,P＜0.01);当BMI为等级变量时,体重过轻OR值为0.369(95％ CI:0.141～0.962,P＜0.05),超重和肥胖OR值分别为1.576(95％CI:1.333～1.863,P＜0.01)和2.087(95％CI:1.615 ～2.698,P＜0.01).超重和肥胖者高动脉僵硬度的人群归因危险度百分比分别为19.1％和11.6％.(3) BMI评估高动脉僵硬度的ROC曲线下面积为0.661(95％ CI:0.645 ～0.678,P＜0.01),BMI预测高动脉僵硬度的最佳分割值为24.25 kg/m2.结论 超重和肥胖人群的动脉僵硬度高于体重正常人群.超重和肥胖是独立于年龄、性别、高血压之外的高动脉僵硬度危险因素.     

高龄男性原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律与动脉硬化程度的关系初探

目的探讨高龄男性原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律与动脉硬化的关系。方法选择2019年1～12月南部战区总医院干部病房四科收治的高龄男性原发性高血压患者160例,年龄80～98岁。行24 h动态血压检测,根据血压昼夜节律分为超杓型组(夜间/昼间血压比值≤0.8)6例,杓型组(0.8夜间/昼间血压比值≤0.9)24例,非杓型组(0.9夜间/昼间血压比值≤1)83例,反杓型组(夜间/昼间血压比值1)47例。行颈动脉超声检测,计算心踝指数、踝肱指数、每搏外周阻力和每搏外周阻力指数,比较各组一般临床资料及心踝指数、踝肱指数、每搏外周阻力、每搏外周阻力指数的差异。比较夜间/昼间血压与心踝指数、踝肱指数、每搏外周阻力、每搏外周阻力指数的相关性。结果各组颈动脉硬化积分、心踝指数、踝肱指数比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。各组每搏外周阻力、每搏外周阻力指数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。夜间舒张压/昼间舒张压比值与颈动脉硬化积分、心踝指数、踝肱指数呈正相关(r=0.490,P=0.000;r=0.617,P=0.000;r=0.776,P=0.000);而夜间收缩压/昼间收缩压比值与心踝指数、踝肱指数呈正相关(r=0.247,P=0.002;r=0.208,P=0.010)。结论高龄男性原发性高血压患者夜间舒张压/昼间舒张压比值与动脉僵硬度显著相关;夜间收缩压/昼间收缩压比值与动脉僵硬度相关性较小。改善动脉僵硬程度可能有利于血压昼夜节律的恢复。     

同型半胱氨酸联合踝臂指数及C反应蛋白在下肢外周动脉疾病患者中的临床意义

目的 探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸联合踝臂指数及C反应蛋白对评估下肢外周动脉疾病病变程度的临床应用价值.方法 测定经选择性下肢动脉造影证实为下肢外周动脉疾病(PAD)患者(n=86)及正常对照组(n=80)的血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、C反应蛋白(CRP)浓度及踝臂指数(ABI),分析Hcy、CRP及ABI与下肢动脉病变之间的关系.结果 PAD组血浆Hcy及CRP均明显高于正常对照组(P＜0.05和P＜0.01),ABI明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.01).PAD组中多支病变组血浆Hcy及CRP均高于单支病变组(P＜0.01和P＜0.05),ABI低于单支病变组(P＜0.01).结论 血浆Hcy、CRP及ABI水平与下肢动脉病变程度相关,对临床病情的评估具有重要指导价值.     

老年高血压患者踝臂指数、脉搏波传导速度与心脏结构、功能改变的相关性

目的 探讨老年高血压患者踝臂指数(ABI)、脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)与心脏结构、功能改变的相关性.方法 73例老年高血压患者进行全自动动脉硬化测试仪(VP-1000)和超声心动图检查,分别按ABI和baPWV分两组:ABI低值组和ABI正常组,baPWV增高组和baPWV正常组.结果 ABI低值组左心室后壁厚度(LVPW)、IVS明显大于ABI正常组(P＜0.05).与ABI正常组比较,ABI低值组EF、E/A均明显减低(P＜0.05).baPWV增高组收缩压、脉压明显大于baPWV正常组(P＜0.05).与baPWV正常组比较,baPWV增高组LAD、LVPW、IVS明显增高,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).baPWV增高组EF小于baPWV正常组,差异显著(P＜0.05).结论 ABI与老年高血压患者心脏结构、功能的改变呈正相关,baPWV与老年高血压患者心脏结构、功能的改变呈正相关,可为临床医生进行尽早干预治疗提供信息.     

老年高血压和糖尿病患者动脉僵硬度的影响因素分析

目的 评价老年高血压和(或)糖尿病患者动脉僵硬度及其影响因素. 方法 320例老年患者分为4组:对照组、糖尿病组、高血压组、高血压并存糖尿病组(联合患病组).收集年龄、体质指数、性别、吸烟、血压、脉压及平均动脉压,测定血清空腹血糖、血脂、糖化血红蛋白、超敏C反应蛋白等;并应用COLIN-VP1000动脉硬化测定仪测量入选者踝臂脉搏波传导速度(baPWV)以评价对动脉硬化的影响. 结果 联合患病组、糖尿病组、高血压组、对照组baPWV值分别为(2165.9±479.9)cm/s、(2158.6±386.9)cm/s、(1881.2±383.8)cm/s和(1667.2±279.3)cm/s,联合患病组、高血压组及糖尿病组的baPWV水平与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(F=8.473,P＜0.05),联合患病组与糖尿病组的baPWV值比较,差异无统计学意义,高血压组与糖尿病组及联合患病组的baPWV值比较,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).联合患病组脉压、超敏C反应蛋白最高,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).多元线性回归分析结果显示,血清空腹血糖、平均动脉压、脉压、超敏C反应蛋白、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与baPWV水平呈正相关(均P＜0.05). 结论 糖尿病、高血压是老年人动脉僵硬度增高的影响因素,而高血糖对老年人动脉僵硬度的影响可能起了更重要的作用.血糖、平均动脉压、脉压、超每C反应蛋白、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均是影响动脉僵硬度的独立危险因素.     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.