人参皂甙Rb1对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞体外吞噬及细胞因子和NO分泌的影响

目的:研究人参皂甙Rb1(Ginsenoside Rb1)对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞体外吞噬及细胞因子和一氧化氮(NO)分泌的影响。方法:分离制备小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞悬液;MTT法检测不同终浓度的人参皂甙Rb1对巨噬细胞的毒性;流式细胞术检测Rb1对巨噬细胞吞噬直径1μm微球的影响;用Griess试剂盒检测Rb1对巨噬细胞NO量的影响;使用流式液相蛋白定量检测技术Cytometric Bead Array(CBA)检测Rb1对LPS刺激巨噬细胞分泌细胞因子的影响。结果:终浓度为5、10、20μmol/L的Rb1对巨噬细胞的吞噬功能具有促进作用,明显抑制LPS诱导的吞噬作用(P<0.05);Rb1能抑制巨噬细胞NO的产生(P<0.01);Rb1能够调节LPS诱导的细胞因子的产生。结论:Rb1对巨噬细胞可能具有双向调节作用,通过抑制LPS信号的转导,调节巨噬细胞因子的分泌,抑制其活化,使NO减少;对于未活化的巨噬细胞,可能通过上调其吞噬功能,增强固有免疫系统来抵御病原体侵入。     

红景天苷对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞体外增殖、凋亡、吞噬、ROS和NO产生的影响

目的:研究红景天苷(Sal)对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞体外增殖、凋亡、吞噬、胞内活性氧簇(ROS)及分泌一氧化氮(NO)的影响,初步探讨其对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用。方法:无菌分离小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,并制备单细胞悬液,以不同终浓度(80μmol/L、160μmol/L及320μmol/L)的Sal和巨噬细胞共培养4 h,再以脂多糖(LPS)和γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)进行共刺激。利用MTT比色法检测Sal对巨噬细胞体外增殖的影响。用放线菌酮(CHX)诱导巨噬细胞凋亡,用Sytox G reen染色结合荧光酶标仪检测Sal对CHX诱导巨噬细胞凋亡的影响。用流式细胞术(FCM)检测Sal对巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响。用2-7-二氯氢化荧光素乙二脂(H2DCFDA)染色法结合荧光酶标仪检测Sal对胞内ROS产生的影响;用G riess反应检测Sal对巨噬细胞分泌NO的影响。结果:MTT比色法检测显示,终浓度为80、160、320μmol/L的Sal均可显著促进LPS+IFN-γ刺激巨噬细胞增殖(P<0.05)。荧光酶标仪检测Syto xG reen染色法的结果显示,160μmol/L的Sal可抑制CHX诱导的巨噬细胞凋亡(P<0.01)。FCM结果显示,各浓度的Sal均能促进单纯药物组和实验药物组LPS+IFN-γ刺激巨噬细胞的吞噬功能(P<0.05)。用荧光酶标仪检测DH2DCFDA染色结果表明,各浓度的Sal对LPS+IFN-γ刺激的巨噬细胞胞内ROS的产生均具有显著的抑制作用(P<0.01)。Griess反应检测NO含量的结果显示,各浓度的Sal对LPS+IFN-γ刺激巨噬细胞产生NO均具有促进作用(P<0.05)。结论:Sal对LPS和IFN-γ刺激的巨噬细胞增殖具有显著的促进作用,对CHX诱导的巨噬细胞凋亡具有显著的抑制作用,对静息态和活化态的巨噬细胞的吞噬功能均有增强作用,并能减少LPS和IFN-γ活化的巨噬细胞胞内ROS的产生;但能促进LPS和IFN-γ活化的巨噬细胞NO的分泌。     

连翘提取物对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞体外吞噬和NO释放的影响

目的:分析连翘(FS)对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的体外吞噬和体外NO释放的影响.方法:无菌收集小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞和羧基荧光素乙酰乙酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(CFDA-SE)标记大肠杆菌DH5α,短期培养3 h后流式细胞术(FCM)分析FS对腹腔巨噬细胞体外吞噬的影响.用LPS体外刺激活化腹腔巨噬细胞,Griess Reagent试剂盒检测并分析FS对巨噬细胞体外释放NO的影响.结果:FCM分析显示,终浓度为40、80、160 mg/L的FS对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞体外吞噬具有明显的促进作用(P<0.05).不同终质量浓度的FS对LPS诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞体外NO的释放均有抑制作用(P<0.05).结论:FS可以促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的体外吞噬和抑制NO体外的释放.     

漆黄素对巨噬细胞和T淋巴细胞的免疫调节作用

目的探讨漆黄素(Fisetin,FIS)对小鼠巨噬细胞吞噬功能、NO的释放及对T淋巴细胞体外活化、增殖的影响。方法无菌制备小鼠巨噬细胞悬液及淋巴细胞悬液;荧光微球结合流式细胞术(FCM)分析FIS对巨噬细胞吞噬作用的影响;Griess试剂盒检测巨噬细胞NO的释放;双色荧光抗体染色结合FCM,检测CD3+T细胞CD69的表达水平;CFSE标记技术检测T细胞增殖的情况。结果 2.5μmol/L,5μmol/L,10μmol/LFIS均能明显抑制巨噬细胞的吞噬微球的能力;FIS能抑制LPS和IFN-γ刺激的巨噬细胞的NO的产生(P<0.05);FIS对ConA刺激的T细胞表达CD69有抑制作用,并能有效抑制ConA诱导的T细胞增殖(P<0.01),且均呈剂量依赖性。结论 FIS能显著抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力和分泌NO的能力,并能够抑制T细胞的活化和增殖,有望发展成为一种新的免疫抑制药物。     

Vilon(L-Lys-L-Glu)对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌IL-1β、NO的影响

目的 探讨Vilon(L-Lys-L-Glu)对参与炎症反应的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌IL-1β、NO的影响.方法 以小鼠原代培养腹腔巨噬细胞为阳性参照,ELISA法检测Vilon及脂多糖(LPS)共刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞IL-1β的分泌水平;还原酶法分析NO分泌水平;RT-PCR法检测IL-1β和iNOS mRNA的表达.结果 Vilon和LPS共刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞时,Vilon对LPS活化的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌IL-1β及NO具有明显的促进作用,并且呈剂量依赖关系;同时也促进了IL-1β和iNOS mRNA表达.结论 Vilon对活化的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌IL-1β、NO具有明显的促进作用.     

激活素A对RAW264.7巨噬细胞活性的调节作用

目的探讨激活素A对参与炎症反应的小鼠巨噬细胞活性调节作用。方法以LPS刺激活化的小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264．7细胞作为阳性参照，ELISA法检测激活素A及LPS刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞系RAW264．7细胞IL-1β分泌水平，还原酶法分析NO分泌水平，RT-PCR检测IL-1β和iNOS mRNA的表达，瑞氏染色检测RAW264．7细胞吞噬活性。结果在激活素A刺激下RAW264．7细胞IL-1β和NO分泌水平均明显升高，IL-1β和iNOS mRNA表达亦增加，巨噬细胞吞噬活性增强；激活素A和LPS共刺激RAW264．7细胞时，激活素A明显抑制LPS刺激的RAW264．7细胞IL-1β和NO产生水平，以及IL-1β和iNOS mRNA表达，巨噬细胞吞噬活性也明显低于LPS单独刺激组。结论激活素对巨噬细胞的活性调节具有双重作用，这种作用与巨噬细胞的激活状态有关。     

淫羊藿甙对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞体外增殖、吞噬和产生NO的影响

无菌分离小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,制备单细胞悬液,加入不同终浓度的淫羊藿甙孵育4 h后,加入细菌脂多糖LPS(终浓度20 mg/L)48 h后以MTT法检测其增殖;加药孵育4 h后,分别加入直径1μm和2μm的微球(终浓度1×1010/L),5 h后利用流式细胞术(FCM)检测吞噬情况;加入LPS(终浓度20 mg/L)24 h后Griess试剂盒检测巨噬细胞NO的量。结果显示ICA在终浓度1.5、3.0μmol/L时能明显抑制LPS刺激的巨噬细胞增殖(P<0.01)和NO的产生,并促进其吞噬微球的功能。提示ICA可能抑制LPS信号转导从而抑制巨噬细胞增殖,并且通过抑制其活化,下调iNOS有关的炎症因子,使NO减少;对于未活化的巨噬细胞,ICA可能通过上调其吞噬功能,增强固有免疫系统来抵御病原体侵入。     

灵芝活性多糖GLIS对正常和荷瘤小鼠骨髓巨噬细胞的激活作用

为研究灵芝活性多糖GLIS对正常和荷瘤小鼠巨噬细胞的激活作用,用灵芝活性多糖GLIS刺激体外培养的正常和荷瘤小鼠的巨噬细胞,检测GLIS刺激后巨噬细胞分泌至培养基中的TNF-α、IL-1β和NO的含量,以及小鼠巨噬细胞对乳胶颗粒的吞噬率的变化,并检测GLIS刺激的巨噬细胞对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用,同时研究灵芝活性多糖GLIS组成的糖和蛋白部分对活性的影响。结果显示经灵芝活性多糖GLIS刺激后,能显著刺激巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α和IL-1β,并产生大量的NO。小鼠巨噬细胞对乳胶颗粒的吞噬功能也明显的增强,且荷瘤小鼠的巨噬细胞对GLIS的敏感度要优于正常小鼠,GLIS中的糖部分对它的活性作用起主要作用。该研究表明,灵芝活性多糖GLIS对正常和荷瘤小鼠巨噬细胞均具有明显的激活作用。     

双黄连粉针剂体外对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞NO分泌与吞噬功能的影响

目的探讨双黄连粉针剂(以下简称SHL)体外对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞NO分泌与吞噬功能的影响。方法无菌条件下制备小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞悬液;MTT法检测药物对细胞悬液的毒性情况;Griess反应系统检测SHL对脂多糖(LPS)刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞NO分泌的影响;1μm与2μm直径的荧光微球结合流式细胞术分析SHL对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬作用的影响。结果终质量浓度为40、80 mg/L的SHL对细胞的毒性小;SHL抑制了腹腔巨噬细胞的NO分泌与吞噬作用,与非SHL组比较P<0.01。结论 SHL对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的NO分泌和吞噬作用的影响可能是SHL调节小鼠免疫系统的途径。     

蛤蟆草对巨噬细胞炎症因子分泌的影响及免疫调节作用研究

目的研究蛤蟆草对巨噬细胞多种炎症因子的影响及免疫调节作用。方法通过小鼠血凝抗体滴度检测,考察蛤蟆草乙酸乙酯提取物对体液免疫的作用;通过小鼠迟发型超敏反应试验,考察对细胞免疫的作用;体外试验用ELISA法检测LPS诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α、IL-6和NO水平;MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖;Western blot检测磷酸化NF-κB的水平。结果在体试验结果表明蛤蟆草提取物对小鼠体液血凝抗体生成和迟发型超敏反应均具有抑制作用,离体试验也显示其对T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞均具有抑制作用。与阴性对照组相比,蛤蟆草组LPS诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞分泌TNF-α、IL-6和NO的水平显著降低,且呈明显的剂量依赖关系。此外,蛤蟆草组磷酸化NF-κB表达水平显著降低。结论蛤蟆草乙酸乙酯提取物对小鼠体液免疫和细胞免疫均具有抑制作用,对TNF-α、IL-6和NO等促炎性细胞因子分泌水平的抑制作用可能是通过抑制NF-κB(p65)的磷酸化所致。     

Surfactant protein A differentially regulates IFN-gamma- and LPS-induced nitrite production by rat alveolar macrophages

Although several studies have demonstrated that the pulmonary collectins surfactant protein (SP)-A and SP-D contribute to innate immunity by enhancing pathogen phagocytosis, the role of SP-A and SP-D in regulating production of free radicals and cytokines is controversial. We hypothesized that the state and mechanism of activation of the immune cell influence its response to SP-A. The effects of SP-A and SP-D on production of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were assessed in isolated rat alveolar macrophages activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), or both agonists. SP-A inhibited production of NO and iNOS in macrophages stimulated with smooth LPS, which did not significantly bind SP-A, or rough LPS, which avidly bound SP-A. In contrast, SP-A enhanced production of NO and iNOS in cells stimulated with IFN-gamma or INF-gamma plus LPS. Neither SP-A nor SP-D affected baseline NO production, and SP-D did not significantly affect production of NO in cells stimulated with either LPS or IFN-gamma. These results suggest that SP-A contributes to the lung inflammatory response by exerting differential effects on the responses of immune cells, depending on their state and mechanism of activation.     

灵芝孢子粉碱提多糖对小鼠巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用

目的 :研究灵芝孢子粉碱提多糖 (LZSBS)对小鼠巨噬细胞的激活作用。方法 :用灵芝孢子粉碱提多糖刺激体外培养的小鼠巨噬细胞 ,用ELISA法检测巨噬细胞分泌至培养基中的TNF α和IL 1β的含量 ;用Griess法检测培养上清中NO的含量。小鼠巨噬细胞对乳胶颗粒的吞噬率用显微镜计数。结果 :经灵芝孢子粉碱提多糖刺激后 ,小鼠巨噬细胞变大 ,颜色加深 ,并能显著刺激巨噬细胞分泌TNF α和IL 1β ,并产生大量的NO。小鼠巨噬细胞对乳胶颗粒的吞噬功能也明显的增强。结论 :灵芝孢子粉碱提多糖对小鼠巨噬细胞具有明显的激活作用     

Low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pretreatment of mouse macrophages modulates LPS-dependent interleukin-6 production in vitro.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can induce mouse macrophages to produce a number of cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Our laboratory previously reported that LPS-dependent macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production could be significantly potentiated by pretreatment with LPS at substimulatory LPS priming doses. The observed potentiation was shown to be coincident with a down-regulation of LPS-dependent nitric oxide (NO) production (X. Zhang and D. C. Morrison, J. Exp. Med. 177: 511-516, 1993). In order to determine whether these LPS reprogramming effects in mouse macrophages were selective for these two macrophage-derived mediators, we have examined the effects of LPS pretreatment on LPS-dependent interleukin 6 (IL-6) production. Thioglycolate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages were pretreated with various subthreshold stimulatory concentrations of LPS for 6 h, washed three times, and then stimulated with an effective stimulatory concentration of smooth LPS for 18 h. In confirmation of earlier studies, pretreatment of mouse macrophages with substimulatory doses of LPS inhibited the subsequent LPS-dependent NO production. This down-regulation was accompanied by a coordinate up-regulation of LPS-dependent IL-6 production, similar to what was shown earlier for TNF-alpha production. These priming effects with the substimulatory dose of smooth LPS are shown to be independent of doses of LPS used for subsequent activation and are not restricted to specific LPS stimulation. Moreover, the enhancement of the IL-6 response by LPS pretreatment is still observed in the presence of neutralizing antibody to TNF-alpha. These findings, therefore, provide further support for the conclusion that LPS-dependent macrophage reprogramming is likely to involve common regulatory pathways that control the secretion of both IL-6 and TNF-alpha.     

Human monocytes are stimulated for nitric oxide release in vitro by some tumor cells but not by cytokines and lipopolysaccharide

Nitric oxide (NO) has been recently identified as a potent mediator of tumoricidal activity of activated macrophages. Macrophages can be activated for tumor cell killing by microbial products, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and various cytokines. Here we report that in contrast to mouse macrophages, human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with cytokines or LPS failed to release NO. Also priming of monocytes with interferon-γ followed by activation with cytokines or LPS did not cause NO secretion. However, monocytes responded with NO production to stimulation with some human cancer cells but not with untransformed cells. NO production by monocytes was inhibited by N^G-monomethyl-L-arginine, specific inhibitor of NO synthase and emetine, an irreversible blocker of protein synthesis. This may imply that human monocytes are unique in their restricted capacity to produce NO following interaction with some tumor cells, but not with other stimulators, and in this respect they may be able to distinguish between malignant and normal cells.