关节镜下后内入路治疗腘窝囊肿的疗效分析

目的探讨关节镜下后内入路治疗腘窝囊肿的疗效分析,并将其与传统开放性手术治疗方式作比较。方法回顾性研究自2014年1月至2019年1月于我院收治的68例腘窝囊肿患者,男30例,女38例;年龄33-61岁,平均(43.01±5.39)岁。其中关节镜下后内入路手术治疗组32例,传统开放性手术治疗组36例。统计两组患者的手术时间、手术切口长度、住院时间、复发情况,并采用Rauschning和Lindgren腘窝囊肿分级评分标准、Lysholm膝关节评分、视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)判定患者的治疗效果。结果所有患者术后均获5-12个月随访,平均(8.46±2.40)个月。术后关节症状明显缓解,关节功能明显改善。关节镜手术组无囊肿复发,开放手术组有2例在手术后3-6个月复发,经关节镜下手术后症状消失。关节镜治疗组患者在手术切口长度、住院时间、复发情况、膝关节VAS、Lysholm膝关节评分、Rauschning和Lindgren腘窝囊肿分级评分标准均明显优于开放手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论关节镜下后内入路治疗腘窝囊肿是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

关节镜下与开放手术治疗腘窝囊肿临床疗效的对比研究

目的探讨关节镜下与开放手术治疗腘窝囊肿的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2013年1月至2017年3月采用手术治疗的腘窝囊肿患者81例,其中关节镜下治疗组42例,平均年龄(47.5±8.3)岁,开放手术治疗组39例,平均年龄(45.8±7.9)岁。所有患者术前均经膝关节MRI检查明确囊肿诊断。统计两组患者的手术时间、住院时间、切口长度,并依据手术前后膝关节VAS和Lysholm得分,Rauschning和Lindgren分级结果评估手术治疗的临床疗效。结果关节镜治疗组患者手术时间(40.2±6.5)min,住院(5.8±2.4)d,切口长度(1.0±0.2)cm,开放治疗组手术时间(41.5±7.2)min,住院(10.1±2.5)d,切口长度(11.0±1.3)cm。术后两组均无神经血管损伤,症状及关节功能明显改善,4例开放组患者术后伤口发生浅表感染,定期换药后愈合。2例患者经开放手术治疗3个月后囊肿复发,二次关节镜下手术治疗后症状消失。两组患者手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),住院时间及切口长度比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),末次随访时两组组内患者膝关节VAS、Lysholm评分、Rauschning和Lindgren分级与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),两组组间比较差异也有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论关节镜下微创治疗腘窝囊肿创伤小,住院时间短,是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

关节镜治疗腘窝囊肿20例

目的:探讨关节镜下腘窝囊肿的治疗方法和疗效。方法:2009年1月至2010年1月采用关节镜下内引流术治疗腘窝囊肿患者20例,其中男9例,女11例;年龄46～70岁,平均(55.7±7.7)岁。发现包块1～22个月,平均(6.2±2.4)个月,伴有不同程度的膝关节疼痛。均由B超或MRI确诊,明确囊肿与关节腔相通,采用关节镜下内引流术治疗同时处理关节内病变。术前Rauschning和Lindgren腘窝囊肿分级:Ⅱ级8例,Ⅲ级12例。通过比较手术前后分级变化情况进行疗效评估。结果:20例患者术后均未出现血管、神经损伤或手术切口感染等并发症。随访时间6～18个月,平均12个月。术后6个月按Rauschning和Lindgren腘窝囊肿分级:0级13例,Ⅰ级6例,Ⅱ级1例,腘窝囊肿分级术后改善明显(P<0.01)。结论:采用关节镜下内引流术治疗腘窝囊肿的同时处理关节内病变,避免了二次手术,大大减少了传统手术的弊端,术后功能恢复较好,中期疗效满意。     

双后内侧入路关节镜手术治疗腘窝囊肿的临床疗效

目的 探讨双后内入路关节镜手术治疗膝关节腘窝囊肿的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2021年1月运城市中心医院行关节镜下腘窝囊肿切除联合关节腔清理术治疗的40例膝关节腘窝囊肿患者资料，其中男13例，女27例；左22膝，右18膝；年龄48～71岁，平均(57.95±9.58)岁。记录手术的切口长度、手术时间、住院时间、住院总费用以及手术前后疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale, VAS)、Lysholm评分和术后12个月囊肿复发率。结果 患者均手术顺利，术后均获得随访，随访时间12～18个月，平均(14.02±2.55)个月。关节镜手术的平均切口长度为(2.76±0.51) cm,手术时间为(42.60±4.28) min,住院时间为(5.32±2.18) d,住院总费用为(7 326.57±854.23)元。VAS由术前(6.30±0.80)分降为术后的(2.95±1.37)分，Lysholm评分由术前(48.30±4.50)分提高为术后12个月的(83.58±4.39)分，手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后12个月囊肿复发2例...     

关节镜与开放手术治疗腘窝囊肿的疗效比较

[目的]比较采用关节镜技术与传统切开手术治疗腘窝囊肿临床疗效。[方法]回顾分析自2015年1月～2018年10月本院手术治疗腘窝囊肿56例患者的病例资料。依据手术方式不同分为两组:采用膝关节镜下囊肿内引流、囊壁部分切除联合关节内病变处理30例(关节镜组);采用传统切开手术26例(开放组)。比较两组手术时间、切口长度、术后下地时间、住院时间、VAS评分、术后12个月Rauschning和Lindgren分级及术后12个月囊肿复发率。[结果]两组患者均顺利手术,均无血管及神经损伤。关节镜组在切口长度、手术时间、术后下地时间和住院时间方面显著优于开放组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1、3 d,关节镜组VAS评分显著低于开放组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。56例患者随访12个月以上,末次随访时,两组患者的VAS评分均较术前显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时,两组患者的Rauschning-Lindgren分级均较术前显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。虽然术前两组间Rauschning-Lindgren分级的差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但是末次随访时关节镜组的Rauschning-Lindgren分级显著低于开放组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。随访过程中,超声检查显示关节镜组复发1例(3.3%),开放组复发7例(26.9%),两组患者复发率比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.033)。[结论]微创膝关节镜下囊肿内引流、囊壁部分切除联合关节内病变处理,创伤小、疼痛轻、恢复快、复发率低,疗效满意。     

关节镜下治疗腘窝囊肿的疗效

目的 探讨关节镜下切除腘窝囊肿的手术方法与疗效.方法 自2013年1月至2014年2月我科采用关节镜下切除25例腘窝囊肿,腘窝囊肿均为单膝,左膝13例、右膝12例.其中,男10例,女15例,年龄为40~65岁.术前常规体检、患膝X线和MRI检查,观察膝关节骨与软组织的病变.膝关节镜手术常规采用前内、前外侧入路,术中常规探查并清理膝关节内病变.评价病人并发症、疼痛、复发情况,采用Lysholm膝关节评分、美国膝关节协会评分(knee society score,KSS)、美国特种外科医院(Hospi-tal for Special Surgery,HSS)评分比较病人术前术后的情况.结果 25例病人均获得随访,随访时间为6~12个月,平均为(9.0±1.9)个月.复查MRI发现1例类风湿性膝关节炎病人腘窝囊肿复发,但无明显临床症状.术前Lysholm膝关节评分为(48.76±12.07)分,术后术后末次随访为(81.72±7.57)分;术前KSS为(52.32±11.16)分,术后末次随访为(85.84±6.85)分;术前HSS评分为(55.62±10.76)分,术后末次随访为(88.64±6.24)分.3个指标术后与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论 关节镜下打开内侧关节囊与腘窝囊肿之间的"阀门"并切除囊壁,可以达到治疗腘窝囊肿的目的.本研究手术方法简单有效、安全性高,并可同时处理腘窝囊肿的诱发因素,有效地降低囊肿的复发率.     

关节镜下单纯内引流术与联合囊壁切除术治疗腘窝囊肿的前瞻性对比研究北大核心CSCD

目的对关节镜下单纯内引流术与联合囊壁切除术的近期疗效进行前瞻性对比研究。方法以2014年3月—2017年3月收治的腘窝囊肿患者作为研究对象,其中56例符合选择标准纳入研究,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组28例。试验组行关节镜下腘窝囊肿内引流术联合囊壁切除,对照组行关节镜下腘窝囊肿内引流术。排除未获得完整随访及术后因其他疾病接受手术者,最终试验组26例、对照组27例纳入研究。两组患者性别、年龄、侧别、病程、腘窝囊肿最大直径及分级、合并疾病等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。记录两组手术时间及术后腘窝淤斑持续时间、小腿中段后方压痛持续时间;术后1 d及1、2周测量小腿周径,计算观测时间点与术前差值;术后1周采用下肢血管彩色多普勒超声观察下肢静脉血栓形成情况。术后1年行Rauschning和Lindgren分级;MRI检查腘窝囊肿是否消失或减小,并测量其最大直径。结果两组患者均获随访,随访时间12~14个月,平均12.5个月。试验组手术时间、腘窝淤斑持续时间、小腿中段后方压痛持续时间均较对照组延长,术后1 d及1、2周小腿周径差值亦大于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1周下肢彩超检查发现,试验组术后2例发生肌间静脉血栓形成,对照组无下肢血栓形成,比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.236)。术后1年Rauschning和Lindgren分级,试验组0级16例、1级6例、2级4例,对照组为0级17例、1级4例、2级6例,比较差异无统计学意义(Z=–1.872,P=0.078)。MRI检查示,试验组9例(34.62%)、对照组13例(48.15%)仍有残余囊肿,最大直径均未超过2 cm;两组其余患者囊肿均消失,随访期间无复发。两组囊肿残留率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.293,P=0.852)。结论与关节镜下单纯内引流术相比,联合囊壁切除术治疗腘窝囊肿近期疗效无明显提升,且手术时间延长,术后并发症明显增多。     

全关节镜下内引流技术治疗腘窝囊肿

目的:对比全关节镜下内引流技术与关节镜联合后方小切口技术治疗腘窝囊肿的临床疗效。方法:2015年1月至2017年1月收治腘窝囊肿患者60例,男29例,女31例,年龄30～65(47.8±2.5)岁,病程(8.5±4.2)个月。其中30例接受全关节镜下内引流技术治疗(全关节镜组),30例接受关节镜联合后方小切口技术治疗(关节镜联合小切口组)。对两组手术时间、术中出血量、切口长度、术后Rauschning和Lindgren分级0级恢复率及膝关节Lysholm评分进行对比。结果:全关节镜组29例和关节镜联合小切口组28例获得随访,时间8～20(12.8±2.1)个月。手术时间:全关节镜组(45.32±5.71) min,关节镜联合小切口组(44.56±3.85) min;术后Rauschning和Lindgren分级0级恢复:全关节镜组23例,关节镜联合小切口组22例;术后膝关节Lysholm评分:全关节镜组84.5±11.2,关节镜联合小切口组83.2±12.7;两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。术中出血量:全关节镜组(5.32±1.25) ml,关节镜联合小切口组(20.75±8.18) ml;切口长度:全关节镜组(1.51±0.34) cm,关节镜联合小切口组(7.34±0.75) cm;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组末次随访均行膝关节MRI检查,无囊肿复发病例。结论:全关节镜下内引流技术与关节镜联合后方小切口技术治疗合并关节内病变腘窝囊肿的临床疗效相当,但创伤更小,术后恢复更快。     

腘窝囊肿摘除联合膝关节清理术的临床应用

目的探索局部麻醉全关节镜下腘窝囊肿摘除联合膝关节清理术治疗腘窝囊肿的临床疗效。方法对54例腘窝囊肿患者采用局部麻醉全关节镜下腘窝囊肿摘除联合膝关节清理术治疗,采用持续硬膜外麻醉全关节镜下手术治疗的54例腘窝囊肿患者作为对照。观察两组麻醉时间、镇痛效果、麻醉满意度、手术时间、术中出血量、术后麻醉等并发症发生情况,记录随访期间囊肿复发情况。结果局麻组麻醉时间缩短、VAS评分增高、手术时间缩短、术中出血量减少,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组6例发生麻醉并发症,其中头痛及腰痛2例,恶心呕吐2例,尿潴留2例;局麻组无麻醉并发症发生。随访期间局麻组7例复发,对照组4例复发。末次随访时,根据Rauschning和Lindgren分级标准:对照组0级21例、Ⅰ级17例、Ⅱ级16例;局麻组0级33例、Ⅰ级11例、Ⅱ级10例。术后两组分级比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论局部麻醉全关节镜下腘窝囊肿摘除联合膝关节清理术治疗腘窝囊肿安全、有效、创伤小,囊肿复发率低,临床疗效满意。     

关节镜下治疗腘窝囊肿25例

目的 探讨关节镜下切除腘窝囊肿的手术方法与疗效 方法 2013 年1月至2014 年2 月，采用关节镜下切除腘窝囊肿25例(25人)，左侧13例，右侧12例。其中男性10例，女性15例，年龄范围在40岁～65岁。术前常规体检及患膝X线及MRI检查，观察膝关节骨性病变及软组织病变。常规膝关节前内前外侧入路，术中探查并清理膝关节内病变，刨削刀清理腓肠肌内侧头内侧附近的关节囊壁，见淡黄绿色胶样液体流出，可知腘窝囊肿壁被打开，进一步清理周围软组织，显露囊肿内部结构，清理囊壁。结果 术后25例均获得随访，随访6～12个月，平均9±1.915月。复查MRI有1例类风湿性膝关节炎患者腘窝囊肿复发，但无明显临床症状。术前膝关节Lysholm评分为49.04±12.071，术后末次随访膝关节Lysholm评分为81.72±7.569，术后较术前提升明显，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术前KSS膝关节评分为52.32±11.164，术后末次随访KSS膝关节评分为85.84±6.853，术后较术前提升明显，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术前HSS膝关节评分为55.62±10.763，术后末次随访HSS膝关节评分为88.64±6.237，术后较术前提升明显，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论 关节镜下切除后内关节囊与腘窝囊肿之间的“单向阀门”，并切除囊壁，达到治疗腘窝囊肿的目的，方法简单有效，安全性高，同时可处理导致腘窝囊肿的膝关节病变因素，有效降低囊肿的复发率，是一种值得推广的好方法。     

Surgical Management of Intracranial Neuroenteric Cysts: The UCSF Experience

Objective Modern surgical experience with intracranial neuroenteric cysts is limited in the literature. We review our 15-year institutional experience with these rare lesions. Design Single-institution retrospective study. Setting Large North American tertiary care center. Participants Histologically confirmed cases of intracranial neuroenteric cyst from January 2000 to September 2014. Main Outcome Measures Pre- and postoperative modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, extent of resection, and postoperative complications are reported. Clinical presentation, imaging features, pathology, and operative approach are discussed. Results Five spinal and six intracranial neuroenteric cysts were surgically treated over a 15-year period. Median age at presentation for the intracranial cysts was 38.5 years. Mean cyst diameter was 3.8 cm. Five cysts were located in the pre-pontomedullary cistern, and one was located in the third ventricle. Gross total resection was achieved in four of the five posterior fossa cysts through a far lateral transcondylar approach. Postoperative complications included aseptic meningitis (one), transient abducens palsy (one), and pseudomeningocele requiring reoperation (three). Postoperative mRS scores improved to ≤1 by 6.5 months median follow-up. Conclusions Intracranial neuroenteric cysts are rare lesions with a variable imaging appearance. Complete surgical resection through a far lateral transcondylar approach is possible and usually results in symptom improvement or resolution.     

Esophageal cyst,a case report and a review of the literature

The esophageal cyst is a rare disease only 20 cases of which have been reported in the literature in Japan. We recently treated such a patient and at thoracotomy, we found the cyst to be located the submucosal layer of the esophagus. The cyst could be easily extirpated and the patient made an uneventful recovery. Gross findings revealed thick, yellow and mucus-like contents inside the cyst. Microscopically, the cyst was lined with ciliated columnar epithelium and there was no evidence of cartilage. The 21st such occurrence in Japan is reported herein and a discussion is made of related literature.     

A Rare Presentation of a Giant Epidermoid Inclusion Cyst Mimicking Malignancy

Epidermoid inclusion cysts, infundibular cysts, and retention cysts are dense, well-encapsulated benign soft tissue lesions that develop after a portion of the epidermis has become implanted in the dermis on a follicular surface such as the scalp, face, or trunk. However, on acral surfaces such as the palms and soles, these cysts present <10% of the time. Typically, these lesions will not progress to sizes >5 cm. However, a rare subtype of epidermal cysts known as giant epidermal cysts tends to be much larger. Unlike epidermal inclusion cysts, giant cysts lack a central punctum, present on areas of thick skin lacking hair follicles, and affect an older patient population. Because of their large size and unique characteristics, few cases of giant epidermal cysts localized to the foot have been reported. We present a case report of a 57-year-old male with a rapidly growing, large, ulcerated, atypical epidermal inclusion cyst that had developed on the medial aspect of his hallux with underlying osseous changes. In this particular case, the location, overlying skin changes, and rapid growth of the lesion raised suspicion for malignancy. In the present report, we discuss the unusual features of this particular cyst and the etiologies, treatment course, and short-term outcomes regarding this unique tumor.     

Neurenteric cyst of the posterior fossa. Case report and review of the literature

Intracranial neurenteric cysts are rare entities. The term is currently used to describe epithelial cysts that are lined with a presumed endodermal-derived epithelium and are mostly located in the posterior fossa.Preoperative diagnosis is often difficult because of their clinical presentation, which may resemble a subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the radiological aspect, which can mimic vascular pathologies.We describe a posterior fossa neurenteric cyst in a 27-year-old woman, who presented with sudden headache as the only symptom and who was addressed to our hospital for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Diagnostic angiography was negative and MRI revealed a prepontine cystic lesion. The patient underwent a posterolateral approach on the right side, with subtotal resection of the lesion.We discuss the embryologic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of these cysts and review the literature.     

Lymphoepithelial Cyst of the Pancreas: Report of a Case

A lymphoepithelial cyst (LEC) is an extremely rare benign lesion of the pancreas. During a medical check-up, a 77-year-old man without any symptoms was found to have a cyst in the body of the pancreas. His serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level was slightly elevated. Computed tomography showed a multilocular, low-attenuating cyst on the superior surface of the pancreatic body. Thus, we performed distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy. Histological examination revealed that the cyst wall was lined with squamous epithelium and surrounded by abundant mature lymphoid tissue. Keratinous substances were present in the cyst. An LEC of the pancreas is associated with a good prognosis and, although unusual, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions. Minimal resection of the cyst should be performed whenever possible, and extensive surgery avoided. For patients with a high surgical risk, fine-needle aspiration biopsy may be considered.     

Presacral epidermoid cyst: Report of a case

(Received for publication on Dec. 26, 1996; accepted on July 8, 1997)     

Management of an epidermoid cyst of the intrahepatic ducts

Epidermoid cysts of the biliary tree have not previously been described. A baby boy presented with a prenatally diagnosed echolucent intrahepatic cyst. Postnatal radioisotope study of the liver demonstrated that the cyst communicated with the biliary tree. Follow-up ultrasound at 6 months demonstrated that the cyst was filled with echogenic material consistent with either blood or biliary debris. Due to the potential for obstruction and cholangitis, surgery was planned. The cyst was located at the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts and involved all of the common hepatic duct. The entire cyst was resected except for the patch containing 3 duct orifices: the opening of both hepatic ducts as well as the orifice leading to the common bile duct. A Roux-en-Y cyst jejunostomy was created to allow drainage of both left and right hepatic ducts. The connection also provided access to the cyst remnant through the common duct for future endoscopic monitoring of potential malignant transformation.     

Bronchogenic Cysts: A Rare Congenital Cystic Malformation of the Lung

Purpose Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital cystic malformations of the lung. We retrospectively analyzed ten cases of bronchogenic cyst (BC) to reinforce the importance of recognizing this malformation.Methods Between 1985 and 2000, ten pediatric patients with BC were treated surgically in our department. Their clinical presentation, radiological, operative, and pathological findings were analyzed retrospectively.Results There were five boys and five girls, ranging in age from 16 days to 6 years (mean 6.5 months). The clinical signs and symptoms included respiratory distress in seven patients (70%), cyanosis in four (40%), chronic cough and fever in five (50%), and dysphasia in two (20%). Routine chest X-ray revealed a pulmonary air-filled cyst in six patients (60%) and a pulmonary nodular opacity in four (40%). The diagnosis was supported by computed tomography in four patients and by ultrasonography in two. Eight of the patients were treated by cyst excision and two by lobectomy. The pathological diagnosis made from all specimens was bronchogenic cyst, with squamous metaplasia in two.Conclusion In newborns, infants, and even children, the development of dyspnea, cyanosis, chronic cough, and fever should alert us to the suspicion of a cystic malformation in the lung, such as a bronchogenic cyst, especially if an air-filled cyst is seen on a plain chest X-ray.     

Bronchogenic cyst.

Two recent patients with bronchogenic cysts, presenting in an atypical manner, stimulated our review of this subject. Twenty patients with bronchogenic cysts have been treated at the Boston Floating Hospital over the past 20 yr. Of these patients, 19 out of 20 were symptomatic, the most common symptom being fever (6 out of 20). Half of our patients had no respiratory symptoms but only one was found to have an asymptomatic mass on chest x-ray. The majority of theses cysts were found within the pulmonary parenchyma, the right lung being affected three times more commonly than the left. These facts are at odds with the reports in the literature. Three were found in the neck. Bronchogenic cysts are generally thought to be small, solitary, and limited in area. However, a significant number in our series (8 out of 20) were large, multiple or multicystic, and involved segments, lobes, multiple lobes, and, on one occasion, an entire lung. The correct pre-operative diagnosis was made in only 30% of the cases. The fact that the diagnosis was often missed led to long delays in treatment resulting in recurrent infectious complications and repeated hospitalizations. The most common cause of error in diagnosis was failure to follow a pneumonia to complete resolution. Despite the frequent delays in diagnosis, surgical treatment was curative in all patients.     

Unusual multiloculated serpiginous ganglion of the foot

Ganglions are cystic lesion more commonly seen around the wrist joint. Gangliomas of plantar aspect of the foot are rare. We have presented a case of an unusual serpiginous ganglioma of the plantar aspect of the foot. Less literature is available regarding plantar foot gangliomas. The treatment is challenging because of occurrence of the lesion at weight bearing zone. Available options for treatment includes conservative with splint, intralesional injection,arthroscopic excision and open excision.