脑转移瘤的磁共振序列优化

目的探讨MR常规序列及T1加权三维成像(3D-T1WI)诊断脑转移瘤的价值,优化脑转移瘤MR扫描方案。方法收集原发灶经病理证实的35例脑转移瘤患者,均行MR常规序列及3D-T1WI平扫和增强扫描,分析各序列对脑转移瘤的检出率,并对比常规扫描方案与优化扫描方案的扫描时间。结果 35例共检出609个病灶;平扫T1WI、T2WI、T2-FLAIR、DWI(b=0)、3D-T1WI分别检出病灶101个(101/609,16.58%)、155个(155/609,25.45%)、235个(235/609,38.59%)、176个(176/609,28.90%)、228个(228/609,37.44%);增强T1WI、3D-T1WI分别检出病灶427个(427/609,70.11%)、609个(609/609,100%)。增强及平扫3D-T1WI对脑转移瘤的检出率明显高于增强及平扫T1WI(P均0.05);DWI(b=0)与T2WI对脑转移瘤检出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。常规方案MR扫描共用时638s,优化方案为575s。结论 3D-T1WI序列可明显提高MR对脑转移瘤的检出率。以3D-T1WI替代常规T1WI、DWI(b=0)替代T2WI的优化扫描方案可提高脑转移瘤检出率,缩短扫描时间。     

三维颅脑容积成像增强MRI用于病因学诊断动眼神经麻痹

目的 观察三维颅脑容积成像(3D-BRAVO)增强MR用于病因学诊断动眼神经麻痹(ONP)的价值。方法 回顾性分析27例临床诊断为单侧ONP患者的颅脑T1-液体衰减反转恢复(T1-FLAIR)增强及3D-BRAVO增强图像,对比其病因学诊断ONP结果的差异。结果 27例ONP病因包括肿瘤或肿瘤样病变压迫或浸润13例、血管压迫7例、颅脑炎性病变4例及颅脑外伤3例。T1-FLAIR增强图像显示ONP病因包括肿瘤压迫或侵犯10例、血管压迫3例、颅脑炎性病变2例、颅脑外伤3例,正确率66.67%(18/27);3D-BRAVO增强图像显示病因正确率为100%(27/27),二者差异均有统计学意义(P=0.002)。结论 3D-BRAVO增强MRI用于病因学诊断ONP具有高度价值。     

开放式MR实时透视技术在颅脑病变穿刺活检中的应用效果

目的探讨开放式MR实时透视技术在颅脑病变穿刺活检中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析112例接受1.0T开放式MR实时透视引导颅脑病变穿刺活检患者,以活检后外科手术病理结果或随访结果作为最终诊断标准,计算穿刺活检诊断颅脑病变的准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果 112例患者共穿刺112个病灶,最大径0.91～4.53 cm,平均(2.32±0.81)cm;其中29例病灶最大径≤1.5 cm,83例1.5 cm。112例均成功取材,对其中108例获得明确穿刺病理学诊断结果。穿刺术中4例出现少量颅内出血,未见其他严重并发症,并发症发生率为3.57%(4/112)。穿刺活检诊断准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为96.43%(108/112)、96.34%(79/82)、96.67%(29/30)、98.75%(79/80)及90.63%(29/32),最大径≤1.5 cm与1.5 cm病灶诊断准确率、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论 1.0T开放式MR实时透视引导颅脑病变穿刺活检安全、可行。     

3.0TVIBE序列动态增强磁共振检查在评估经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗肝细胞癌疗效中的价值

目的评价3.0T磁共振VIBE序列动态增强在判断肝细胞癌经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术治疗后肿瘤坏死、残存及发现肝内新病灶的价值。方法选择48例经TACE治疗后的HCC患者,于TACE治疗后1～2个月内行MR检查,MR检查后2～5天内行DSA检查。观察动态增强扫描各时相病灶的MR征象和时间-信号强度曲线,判断原发病灶有无肿瘤残存及有无新病灶,并与DSA相对照。结果48例病例共63个原发病灶,40个病灶MR3D动态增强扫描及DSA均显示有肿瘤残存,20个病灶无肿瘤残存,诊断符合率为95.24%（60/63）。19例患者MR3D动态增强扫描及DSA均显示有新病灶,27例未发现新病灶,诊断符合率为95.83%（46/48）。3D-VIBE发现HCC病灶（包括残癌和新病灶）的敏感度为91.7%,特异度为100%,准确度为93.4%。结论3.0TMRIVIBE序列动态增强能清楚显示HCC经TACE治疗后原发病灶肿瘤残存及新病灶,并可清晰显示病灶供血动脉、引流静脉及肝血管解剖,是评估TACE治疗HCC疗效和发现新病灶的可靠方法。     

常规TACE术中DSA诊断肝细胞癌切除术后3个月内复发

目的探讨常规TACE术中DSA对肝细胞癌(HCC)切除术后3个月内复发的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析79例肝脏部分切除术后HCC患者的资料,所有患者均于术后3个月内接受常规TACE治疗,并于TACE前接受腹部CT或MR平扫及增强扫描,且于TACE治疗后1个月内接受碘油CT检查。以碘油CT结果为金标准,评价肝脏部分切除术后TACE中DSA与TACE前腹部CT或MRI对3个月内HCC肿瘤复发的诊断效能,对比分析二者诊断准确率。结果肝脏部分切除术后,TACE前腹部CT或MRI诊断3个月内HCC肿瘤复发的敏感度为70.31%(45/64),特异度为93.33%(14/15);TACE中DSA的敏感度为87.50%(56/64),特异度为93.33%(14/15)。TACE中DSA的诊断准确率明显高于TACE前腹部CT或MRI[88.61%(70/79)vs 74.68%(59/79),χ2=5.110 4,P=0.024]。结论TACE中DSA对发现肝脏部分切除术后3个月内的HCC复发病灶较腹部CT或MRI更为准确。     

三维颅脑容积成像增强扫描显示颈静脉孔区脑神经病变

目的 观察三维颅脑容积成像（3D-BRAVO）增强序列显示颈静脉孔区脑神经病变的价值。方法 纳入22例静脉孔区脑神经病变患者,包括脑膜癌病10例、神经鞘瘤6例、神经纤维瘤2例,梅毒、脑膜瘤、脊索瘤及甲状腺乳头状癌转移癌各1例,分析其常规平扫序列、增强扫描及3D-BRAVO增强序列图像,对薄层图像行多平面重建,对比观察各序列显示静脉孔区脑神经病变的效果。结果 常规平扫及增强MRI仅能显示低位脑神经的脑池段。颈静脉孔内静脉丛在增强序列3D-BRAVO中强化明显,其内走行的神经呈线状低信号,与静脉丛形成鲜明对比,利于评估病变对神经的压迫和浸润程度。结论 增强序列3D-BRAVO可清晰显示颈静脉孔区病变压迫、浸润和累及神经情况。     

3.0T磁共振在直肠癌术后复发与良性病变鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 评价3.0 T MR的T2加权成像(T2WI)、弥散加权成像(DWI)和三维容积内插屏气检查(3D-VIBE)在直肠癌术后肿瘤复发与良性病变鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析福建医科大学附属协和医院2007年4月至2010年10月经MR检出的28例直肠癌术后病变患者的MR影像资料,28例患者均接受T2WI序列和DWI序列检查,其中有24例接受3D-VIBE序列检查.选取13例同时期因盆腔其他病变行MR扫描而直肠无病变的病例为正常对照组.测量计算T2WI中病灶或正常直肠壁与右侧臀大肌的信号强度比值(SIL/SIM)、表观弥散系数(ADC)值、髂外动脉增强达高峰后第2个序列的病变信号强度净增值与髂外动脉信号强度净增值的比值(SIL/SIA),观察时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)形态,划分良性型(平坦型和持续强化型)与恶性型(迅速强化型).以手术病理结果或临床综合诊断结果为最后诊断.结果 28例患者中共检出不同性质的病灶29个,其中直肠癌复发病灶17个,良性病灶12个,包括纤维瘢痕组织4个(其中陈旧性脓肿1个),慢性炎性病灶6个,瘘管1个,脓肿1个;有14个病灶经手术病理证实.SIL/SIM在良性组为2.84±1.52,恶性组为2.58±0.80,正常对照组为2.13±0.58;3组间比较,差异无统计学意义(F=1.620,P=0.211).以(1.21×10-3) mm2/s为阈值,ADC值诊断恶性病变的敏感性为100％(17/17),特异性为91.7％(11/12),准确性为96.6％(28/29) (Kappa检验P=0.928),诊断一致性好;以0.28为阈值,SIL/SIA诊断的敏感性为100％(13/13),特异性为66.7％(8/12),准确性为84.0％(21/25)(Kappa检验P=0.675),诊断一致性中等;以TIC为诊断标准,诊断的敏感性为100％(13/13),特异性为83.3％(10/12),准确性为92.0％ (23/25).结论 T2WI技术无法鉴别诊断直肠癌术后检出的良、恶性病变;DWI技术和3D-VIBE动态增强技术均具有较高的鉴别诊断效能.     

非刚性三维校正肝脏MR动态减影技术应用于肝细胞癌经导管动脉内化疗栓塞术后疗效评估的研究

目的对比CT增强和非刚性三维校正肝脏MR增强动态减影技术对肝细胞癌(HCC)经导管动脉内化疗栓塞术(TACE)后肿瘤血供判断能力的差异,探讨非刚性三维校正肝脏MR增强动态减影技术的临床应用价值。 方法收集HCC患者TACE术后并再次需进行TACE治疗的病例21例,所有患者均行CT平扫及增强扫描、MR平扫及动态增强扫描,MR扫描采用非刚性三维校正动态减影技术。分别在CT和MR增强非刚性三维校正减影图像上对病灶血供情况评估统计,以再次TACE术前的DSA评价结合结节前后的体积变化综合考虑作为金标准,比较两种检查方式对碘油沉积病灶血供评价的能力。 结果共分析126个碘油沉积灶,在对碘油沉积灶血供的判断中,CT与DSA检查诊断结果不一致(P<0.001),MR和DSA检查诊断结果一致(P=0.375);在结节的血供判断方面,CT/MR对肝结节血供判断的敏感度、特异度、假阳性率、假阴性率、正确指数、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、符合率分别为6.2%/99.1%、76.0%/69.2%、23.1%/30.8%、93.8%/0.9%、0.02/0.68、0.27/3.22、1.22/0.01、13.5%/96.0%。 结论相对CT检查,非刚性三维校正肝脏MR动态减影技术在HCC患者TACE治疗后疗效评估中有明显的诊断优势,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

自动全容积成像在乳腺疾病诊断中的应用：附173例报告

目的:研究自动乳腺全容积成像技术(ABVS)在乳腺疾病中的诊断价值。方法:选择2013年1月—2015年9月间的173例乳腺病变患者作为研究对象,分别采用弹性成像和ABVS方法进行诊断,并与病理结果对比,比较恶性病变和良性病变的ABVS征象及诊断准确率。结果:在病理检出的199个病灶中,良性病灶为77个(38.69%),恶性病灶为122个(61.31%);ABVS检查结果冠状面"太阳征"以及细小钙化征象在恶性病变中的检出率显著的高于良性病变,两者差异有统计学意义(P0.05);ABVS诊断的准确率以及对恶性肿瘤诊断的敏感度明显的高于弹性成像诊断,两者亦有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:ABVS诊断提高了乳腺癌诊断的准确率以及敏感度,为乳腺良、恶性肿瘤的鉴别提供了新的角度。     

MRI动态增强联合DWI对乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别

目的:探讨MRI动态增强时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)联合扩散加权成像(DWI)对乳腺良恶性病变的鉴别诊断价值。方法:收集经手术病理证实的43例(51个病灶)乳腺病变患者的MRT1WI、T2WI、DWI(b值=800s/mm2)和MRI动态增强扫描资料,对病灶信号强度、ADC值和增强幅度、TIC进行回顾性分析。结果:43例51个病灶中,TICI型曲线,良性19个,恶性1个;II型曲线,良性4个,恶性7个;III型曲线,良性2个,恶性12个;IV型曲线,6个病灶均为良性病变。病灶的ADC值>1.22×10-3mm2/s的30个(其中良性27个,恶性3个);ADC值≤1.22×10-3mm2/s的21个(其中恶性17个,良性4个)。结论:MRI动态增强TIC联合DWI对乳腺病变的诊断有较高的敏感性和特异性,TIC类型和ADC值对乳腺病变的良恶性鉴别具有重要价值。     

高分辨率CT联合MR T2-DRIVE序列诊断儿童蜗神经发育不良

目的探讨高分辨率CT(HRCT)联合MR T2-DRIVE序列对儿童蜗神经发育不良(CND)的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析43例CND患儿(单侧28例、双侧15例)的HRCT及MR T2-DRIVE序列图像,分别测量患耳(58耳)及正常耳(28耳)蜗神经管(CNC)直径及蜗神经直径。采用Spearman相关性分析CNC直径与蜗神经直径的相关性。结果 43例CND患儿中患耳58耳、正常耳28耳;单纯CND 27耳,伴其他内耳畸形31耳。HRCT示CNC狭窄45耳,CNC封闭或缺如13耳;内听道狭窄15耳,其中CNC狭窄12耳、闭锁2耳、缺如1耳。MRI示面神经形态走行异常7耳,前庭上下神经缺如1耳、纤细1耳;在内听道狭窄15耳中前庭蜗神经缺如8耳、纤细3耳、正常4耳。58患耳中,7耳HRCT及MRI示CNC发育正常。CND患耳的CNC直径、蜗神经直径均小于正常耳(P均=0.001),单纯CND患耳与合并其他内耳畸形CND患耳间CNC直径及蜗神经直径差异均无统计学意义(P=0.185、0.140)。全部86耳的CNC直径与蜗神经直径呈正相关(r_s=0.773,P0.001)。以CNC直径=1.5 mm为截断值,其诊断CND的敏感度为84.48%(49/58)、特异度100%(28/28)、阳性预测值100%(49/49)、阴性预测值75.68%(28/37)。结论 HRCT联合MR T2-DRIVE序列可为诊断儿童CND提供参考依据。     

Morphological Distribution and Internal Enhancement Architecture of Contrast‐Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Non‐Mass‐Like Breast Lesions: A Meta‐Analysis

The aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic performance of contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients with non‐mass‐like breast lesions in a meta‐analysis. Literature study was performed on PubMed data base on the diagnostic performance of MR imaging in patients with non‐mass‐like breast lesions. Details of the relevant studies were reviewed and a meta‐analysis was performed to estimate the overall sensitivity and specificity of contrast‐enhanced MR imaging of non‐mass‐like breast lesions. A summary receiver operating characteristic curve (sROC) was developed to explore the threshold effect by ROC space. Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated using Meta‐Disc version 1.4 to analyze the heterogeneity between studies. A total of 858 non‐mass‐like lesions from 15 studies were included in the meta‐analysis (sample size range: 27–131). Pooled weighted estimates of sensitivity and specificity were 50% (95% CI: 46%, 53%) and 80% (95% CI: 77%, 83%), respectively. The heterogeneity among studies was caused by other factors other than threshold effect. The findings were influenced by cancer prevalence (p = 0.0359). Subgroup analyses indicated that the sensitivity and specificity in studies with combined diagnostic criterion was higher than that in studies with single diagnostic criterion. In evaluation of non‐mass‐like breast lesions, contrast‐enhanced MRI has high specificity and relatively lower sensitivity.     

The comparison of direct magnetic resonance arthrography with volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination sequence and multidetector computed tomography arthrography techniques in detection of talar osteochondral lesions

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare additive diagnostic values of magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography with volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) sequence and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) arthrography for diagnosis and grading of talar osteochondral lesions.MethodsMDCT arthrography and MR arthrography with three dimensional VIBE sequence were performed in 27 patients. Findings of MR arthrography and MDCT arthrography images were compared with arthroscopic findings. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates were calculated for both MR arthrography and MDCT arthrography imaging findings.ResultsFor grade I osteochondral lesions; sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rates of MR arthrography were 95%, 73%, 90%, respectively; For grade I osteochondral lesions; sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rates of MDCT arthrography were 96%, 79%, 81%. For grade IV osteochondral lesions; sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rates of MDCT arthrography and MR arthrography were 100%. For grade II lesions, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rates of the MR arthrography were 80%, 76%, 77%, respectively; for grade III lesions, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rates of the MR arthrography were 78%, 68%, 75%. For grade II osteochondral lesions; the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rates of the MDCT arthrography were 91%, 81%, 86%; for grade III osteochondral lesions; the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rates of the MDCT arthrography were 90%, 83%, 89%; For grade II and III osteochondral lesions, MDCT arthrography had higher sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rates than MR arthrography. MDCT arthrography had higher diagnostic performance than MR arthrography for detection of grade II and III lesions (p = 0.041 and p = 0.038, respectively).ConclusionMDCT arthrography appears to be more reliable than MR arthrography with three dimensional VIBE sequence for accurate detection and grading of osteochondral lesions.Level of evidenceLevel III, Diagnostic Study.     

动态增强MRI定量诊断女性垂体泌乳素微腺瘤

目的定量分析动态增强MRI诊断女性垂体泌乳素微腺瘤的各参数指标,探索各参数的最佳阈值。方法分析30例女性垂体泌乳素微腺瘤及30名健康女性腺垂体动态增强MRI,比较泌乳素微腺瘤与正常腺垂体时间-信号强度曲线（TIC）的形态、达峰时间、强化率、强化斜率。采用ROC法确定垂体泌乳素微腺瘤的诊断阈值,并计算诊断敏感度、特异度。结果当以达峰时间66s作为诊断阈值时,其敏感度为76.70%,特异度为84.40%;以强化斜率为2.015作为诊断阈值时,其敏感度为88.50%,特异度为67.10%;达峰时间、强化率、强化斜率联合诊断的诊断点为0.566时,其敏感度92.20%,特异度87.53%。结论可将动态增强MR扫描达峰时间66s、强化斜率2.015及达峰时间、强化率、强化斜率联合诊断点为0.566作为诊断垂体泌乳素微腺瘤的参考阈值。     

Cavernous angiomas of the internal auditory canal A case report and review of literature

Summary Cavernous angiomas of the internal auditory canal (IAC) are rare. They are angiographically occult; and because the clinical symptoms are similar both in intracanalicular cavernous angiomas and acoustic tumors it had been difficult to differentiate pre-operatively both of these pathologies until the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Even nowadays the correct diagnosis may be missed if the patient is imaged only with gadolinium enhanced MRI without prior obtaining a non-contrast MRI. These diagnostic difficulties are illustrated by the report of a related case. The importance of thorough neuroradiological investigations stressed and MRI features, surgical management and relevant literature concerning the cavernous angiomas of the internal auditory canal are discussed.     

CT、MRI诊断蝶骨嵴肿瘤及肿瘤样病变

目的探讨CT和MRI对蝶骨嵴肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的23例蝶骨嵴肿瘤及肿瘤样病变,包括脑膜瘤16例、骨纤维异常增殖症3例、前列腺癌转移瘤1例、骨尤文肉瘤1例、骨肉瘤1例和上皮样血管内皮瘤1例。23例均行MRI平扫+增强检查,其中12例行CT平扫检查。观察病灶边界、占位效应、信号特点、骨质改变及邻近结构受累情况。结果蝶骨嵴占位以脑膜瘤最常见(16/23,69.57%),其次为骨纤维异常增殖症(3/23,13.04%)。两者均有较特征性影像学表现:蝶骨嵴脑膜瘤MRI平扫以均匀等T1等T2信号为主,增强呈中等-明显强化且多伴"脑膜尾征",CT上受累骨多呈骨质增生肥厚。骨纤维异常增殖症多表现为病变沿骨生长方向延伸,受累骨骨质膨大,呈"磨玻璃状"。本组蝶骨嵴恶性肿瘤术前影像学检查均误诊为脑膜瘤,但结合受累骨骨质破坏及肿瘤ADC值更低可进行鉴别诊断。结论 CT和MRI对蝶骨嵴肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的诊断和鉴别诊断具有一定的价值。     

扩散峰度成像诊断直肠腺癌:与DWI对比分析

目的对比分析扩散峰度成像(DKI)与DWI在直肠腺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法对38例经病理活检证实的直肠腺癌患者(直肠腺癌组)和38名年龄、性别相匹配的健康志愿者(正常对照组)行MR检查(包括常规T1WI、T2WI、DWI、DKI),经图像后处理获得ADC值、平均扩散系数(MD)和平均扩散峰度(MK)。采用Mann-Whitney U秩和检验比较2组各参数的差异,以ROC曲线评价各参数诊断直肠腺癌的效能,采用Spearman秩相关分析ADC值与MD值、MK值的相关性。结果直肠腺癌组MK值高于正常对照组(P0.001),MD值和ADC值低于正常对照组(P均0.001)。MK值、MD值、ADC值的ROC曲线AUC分别为0.911、0.888、0.827(P均0.05);以MK值0.59、MD值2.15×10~(-3 )mm/s~2、ADC值1.35×10~(-3 )mm/s~2为阈值,诊断直肠腺癌的敏感度分别为89.50%、78.90%、76.30%,特异度分别为84.20%、73.70%、73.70%。ADC值与MK值呈负相关(r=-0.460,P0.05),与MD值呈正相关(r=0.994,P0.05)。结论 DKI模型和DWI单指数模型均有助于诊断直肠腺癌;DKI可提供关于肿瘤微环境扩散特性的信息,相比DWI单指数模型具有更高诊断效能。