HPLC同时测定疏清口服液中甘草素、甘草酸铵含量

目的 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法建立同时测定疏清口服液中甘草素、甘草酸铵的含量测定方法。方法 色谱条件为Agilent Zorbax SB C₁₈(3.5 µm,4.6 mm×150 mm)色谱柱;流动相A为体积分数0.1%磷酸水溶液,B为乙腈,进行梯度洗脱,梯度洗脱程序: 0～14 min A相的比例保持84%,14～19 min,A相的比例由84%降至50%,19～50 minA相的比例由50%降至0%;流速为1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长为237 nm;柱温为35 ℃。结果 甘草素、甘草酸铵的线性范围分别为2.56~102.40 μg·mL^-1 ,8.22~328.64 μg·mL^-1;甘草素、甘草酸铵的精密度RSD值分别为：0.20%,0.37%;加样回收率分别为101.1%（RSD值为1.95%）,103.0%（RSD值为0.86%）。结论 该方法准确度高、重复性好、专属性强可用于甘草酸铵、甘草素的含量测定。     

HPLC同时测定藤珠胃康颗粒中4个皂苷类成分

目的 建立HPLC同时测定藤珠胃康颗粒中4个皂苷类成分（人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rb₁、人参皂苷Ro和竹节参皂苷Ⅳa）的方法。方法 采用Hypersil GOLD C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为乙腈-0.2 %磷酸水溶液,梯度洗脱（-5~0 min,19%乙腈;0~14 min,19%→26%乙腈;14~22 min,26%→29%乙腈;22~30 min,29%乙腈;30~40 min,29%→35%乙腈;40~55 min,35%乙腈）,体积流量1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长203 nm,柱温30 ℃。结果 人参皂苷Re在0.080 4~1.608 μg（r=1）,人参皂苷Rb₁在0.108 8~2.176 μg（r=0.999 9）,人参皂苷Ro在0.288 8~5.776 μg（r=0.999 9）,竹节参皂苷Ⅳa在0.176 0~3.520 μg（r=0.999 9）内线性关系良好;平均回收率（n=6）分别为99.41%,101.92%,99.76%,100.31%,RSD值分别为2.22%,2.07%,0.33%,0.64%。结论 本实验所建立的方法简单,专属性强,重复性好,可用于藤珠胃康颗粒中人参皂苷Re、人参皂苷Rb₁、人参皂苷Ro和竹节参皂苷Ⅳa的测定。     

HPLC法测定黄连上清片中连翘酯苷A的含量

目的 采用高效液相色谱法测定黄连上清片中连翘酯苷A的含量。方法 色谱柱：VP-ODSC₁₈色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm）,流动相：乙腈-0.4%冰醋酸溶液（15:85）,流速1.0 mL·min^-1,检测波长330 nm。结果 连翘酯苷A在10.24 ~81.92 µg·mL^-1范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.999 8),精密度试验RSD为0.85%,重复性试验RSD为1.14%,平均回收率为97.91%,RSD为1.55%(n=6)。结论 该方法操作简单,精密度良好,结果准确可靠,适用于黄连上清片中连翘酯苷A的含量测定。     

HPLC法测定五味清浊散中羟基红花黄色素A的含量

摘 要 目的:建立五味清浊散中羟基红花黄色素A的高效液相色谱测定方法。方法: 色谱柱为Prevail Select C₁₈（150 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm）,柱温35℃;流动相为乙腈-0.5% 磷酸溶液 (11∶89),流速 1 ml·min^-1;检测波长403 nm。结果:羟基红花黄色素A在16.65～166.50 μg·ml^-1范围内呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为Y=3.24×10^-2X+2.12,r=0.999 9。平均回收率为99.1%,RSD为1.9%。结论:本方法操作简便,测定结果准确可靠,可用于五味清浊散中羟基红花黄色素A的含量测定。     

HPLC法同时测定茵栀黄颗粒中4种黄酮类成分

目的 建立高效液相色谱（HPLC）法同时测定茵栀黄颗粒中4个黄酮类成分野黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素和汉黄芩素的含有量。方法 色谱柱：Kromasil C₁₈（4.6 mm×250 mm,5 µm）;流动相：乙腈（A）-0.1%磷酸溶液（B）梯度洗脱（0~15 min,5%~6%A;15~23 min,6%~10%A;23~42 min,10%~20%A;42~60 min,20%~25%A;60~90 min,25%~60%A）;流速：1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长：274 nm;柱温：30 ℃。结果 野黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素和汉黄芩素在一定范围内线性关系良好;平均回收率在97.70%～101.2%之间,RSD均小于3.0%。结论 本文建立的高效液相色谱法经方法学验证,可用于控制茵栀黄颗粒的质量。     

HPLC测定脑心清流膏及其片剂中槲皮苷的含量

目的 建立HPLC测定脑心清流膏及脑心清片中槲皮苷含量的方法。方法 色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse Plus C₁₈柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;以乙腈（A）-0.1%磷酸水溶液（B）为流动相进行梯度洗脱,0~40 min,7%→ 25% A,40~60 min,25%→ 50% A;流速为1.0 mL·min^-1;检测波长为360 nm;柱温为30℃。结果 槲皮苷浓度在19.4~775.7 μg·mL^-1内与峰面积线性关系良好（r=0.999 9）,脑心清流膏和脑心清片平均加样回收率（n=6）分别为100.07%和100.16%,RSD分别为1.88%和1.45%。结论 该方法操作简便、结果准确、重现性好,可作为脑心清流膏及其片剂中槲皮苷的含量测定方法。     

百贝益肺胶囊含量测定的方法改进

目的 增加评价指标,建立科学、合理的百贝益肺胶囊含量测定方法。方法 C₁₈小柱纯化样品,优化色谱条件为：Vp-ODS色谱柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;柱温：20℃;变动流速;流动相：乙腈（A）-水（B）,梯度洗脱;进样量：10 μL;检测波长：203 nm。结果 所测成分三七皂苷R₁、人参皂苷Rg₁、人参皂苷Rb₁分别在40.24~241.44（r=0.999 6）,91.50~549.00（r=0.999 9）,35.72~241.32（r=0.999 8）μg·mL^-1内线性关系良好;加样回收率为94.15%~99.81%,RSD为1.12%~1.94%。结论 该方法准确,重复性良好,可为修订标准提供依据。     

HPLC测定安尔眠胶囊中2,3,5,4’-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷

目的 建立安尔眠胶囊中2,3,5,4’-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷（C₂₀H₂₂0₉）的含量测定方法。方法 采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法,以Dionex Acclaim 120^® C₁₈色谱柱（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）为分离柱,以乙腈-1%甲酸溶液（23：77）为流动相,体积流量1.0 mL/min,检测波长320 nm,柱温25 ℃。结果 2,3,5,4’-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷在0.010～0.200 μg呈现良好的线性关系（r=0.999 6）,平均回收率为97.35%,RSD为2.07%。结论 该方法<准确可靠,适用于安尔眠胶囊中2,3,5,4’-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量测定。     

HPLC波长切换法同时测定心神安胶囊中9种成分的含量

目的 建立HPLC波长切换法同时测定心神安胶囊中9种成分的含量。方法 采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C₁₈色谱柱,流动相乙腈（A）-0.1%甲酸溶液（B）,梯度洗脱;流速0.9 mL·min^-1;检测波长分别为320 nm[检测远志（口山）酮Ⅲ、3,6''-二芥子酰基蔗糖]、203 nm （检测人参皂苷Rb₁、绞股蓝皂苷XLIX、绞股蓝皂苷XVⅡ）和254 nm （检测毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素）;柱温25℃。结果 远志（口山）酮Ⅲ、3,6''-二芥子酰基蔗糖、人参皂苷Rb₁、绞股蓝皂苷XLIX、绞股蓝皂苷XVⅡ、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素分别在2.070~41.40 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 2）、3.860~77.20 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 6）、11.29~225.8 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）、5.070~101.4 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 9）、19.86~397.2 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 5）、1.280~25.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）、0.960 0~19.20 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 3）、0.670 0~13.40 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 7）、2.580~51.60 μg·mL^-1（r=0.999 1）内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为98.04%,99.26%,99.05%,97.42%,100.0%,98.27%,97.81%,96.84%和99.86%,RSD分别为1.28%,0.82%,1.43%,1.43%,0.86%,1.26%,1.38%,1.16%和0.69%。结论 本方法操作简便、准确、重复性好,能够对心神安胶囊中9种成分进行同时含量测定,为提高和完善心神安胶囊的质量标准提供了有效方法。     

HPLC法测定断血流口服液中断血流皂苷A的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定断血流口服液所含断血流皂苷A的含量。方法 采用C₁₈色谱柱,以甲醇-水（75:25）为流动相,检测波长为250 nm,流速1.0 mL·min^-1。结果 断血流皂苷A在2.21~22.1 μg ·mL^-1范围内呈良好的线性关系（r=0.999 9）,断血流皂苷A平均回收率为99.66%,RSD为1.12%。结论 表明本方法简单方便、准确率高、专属性强,可以作为检测断血流皂苷A含量的有效方法。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.