rhIL－6、rhGM－CSF和rhEPO对人骨髓造血干细胞的调节作用

重组人白细胞介素６（ｒｈＩＬ－６）和重组人粒—单细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）与正常人造血干细胞培养１周后，ｒｈＩＬ－６组干细胞数增至４．７±０．７倍；ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ组增至９．３±１．０倍；ｒｈＩＬ－６＋ＧＭ—ＣＳＦ组增至１３．４±３．３倍。与对照组比较，Ｐ均＜０．０１．造血干细胞ＣＦＵ－Ｅ集落分析：ｒｈＩＬ－６组未见ＣＦＵ－Ｅ集落形成；ｒｈＩＬ－６＋ＥＰＯ组则ＣＦＵ－Ｅ集落明显高于ｒｈＥＰＯ组，ｐ＜０．０１．造血干细胞ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ集落分析：ｒｈＩＬ－６组和ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ组可见ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ浆落，无ＣＦＵ＋Ｍｉｘ集落形成；ｒｈＩＬ－６＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ组有ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ集落形成；ｒｂＩＬ－６＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ＋ＥＰＯ联合应用，有ＣＦＵ－ｎ，ｍ，Ｍ，Ｅ混合集落数增多。实验结果提示ｒｈＩＬ－６对造血干细胞有直接的刺激作用，主要刺激粒—单系组细胞增殖。ｒｈＩＬ－６与ｒｈＥＰＯ有协同作用，能促进ｒｈＥＰＯ刺激红系祖细胞的作用。ｒｈＩＬ－６与ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ亦有协同作用，可以刺激多能干细胞形成混合集落。     

羧甲基茯苓多糖对HPBL分泌IL—2,TNF,IL—6,IFN—γ的调节作用

用ＣＭＰ培养外周血淋巴细胞（ＨＰＢＬ）２４、３６、４８、７２ｈ采样检测的ＩＬ－２、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６、ＩＦＮ－γ效价分别可达１３．６±４．３，４１．９±２．０，１８３７．４±４６４．３，１０３７．９±２１１．０Ｕ／ｍｌ，分别比无ＣＭＰ的细胞培养对照组的效价高０．８，７．４，０．５，１０．９倍（Ｐ＜０．０１），说明ＣＭＰ具有ＩＬ－２、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６、ＩＦＮ－γ的诱生剂功能。由ＣＭＰ预处理ＨＰＢＬ后经ＰＨＡ和／或ＣｏｎＡ促诱生组的ＩＬ－２、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６、ＩＦＮ－γ效价分别比无ＣＭＰ的ＰＨＡ和／或ＣｏｎＡ刺激的相应常规诱生组高１．２～２．８，０．５～１．１、０．５～０．８、０．４～０．６倍（Ｐ＜０．０１），尤以ＣＭＰ＋ＰＨＡ＋ＣｏｎＡ促诱生细胞因子效果最佳（Ｐ＜０．０１），说明ＣＭＰ又具有ＩＬ－２、ＴＮＦ、ＩＬ－６、ＩＦＮ－γ促诱生效应。     

HCMV感染对单核细胞HLA－DR表达的影响

本文采用细胞ＥＬＩＳＡ法，研究发现人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）感染对单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ的影响。结果表明ＨＣＭＶ感染后１ｄ，单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），以后逐渐降低，ｄ５降至对照水平；ＩＦＮγ（５００Ｕ／ｍｌ）．ＴＮＦ（２５０Ｕ／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－６（５００／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－１（５００／ｍｌ）均能不同程度地刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，细胞因子刺激ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达的水平在感染后ｄ５，较对照组均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＩＬ－１＋ＩＦＮ－γ及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ－γ在刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达时有协同作用；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，ＩＦＮ－γ＋ＩＬ－１及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ协同刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达水平较对照组显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示：在ＨＣＭＶ感染引起免疫抑制过程中，其引起单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达降低是一重要机制。     

HCMV感染对单核细胞HLA－DR表达的影响

本文采用细胞ＥＬＩＳＡ法，研究发现人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）感染对单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ的影响。结果表明ＨＣＭＶ感染后１ｄ，单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），以后逐渐降低，ｄ５降至对照水平；ＩＦＮγ（５００Ｕ／ｍｌ）．ＴＮＦ（２５０Ｕ／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－６（５００／ｍｌ）、ＩＬ－１（５００／ｍｌ）均能不同程度地刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，细胞因子刺激ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达的水平在感染后ｄ５，较对照组均显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＩＬ－１＋ＩＦＮ－γ及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ－γ在刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达时有协同作用；ＨＣＭＶ感染后，ＩＦＮ－γ＋ＩＬ－１及ＴＮＦ＋ＩＦＮ协同刺激单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达水平较对照组显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结果提示：在ＨＣＭＶ感染引起免疫抑制过程中，其引起单核细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达降低是一重要机制。     

病毒性肝炎患者IL－1、IL－6和TNFα活性的检测

检测了甲、乙型病毒性肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣｓ）ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－６和ＴＮＦα的诱生活性及其血清中活性。结果表明，乙型慢性活动性肝炎（ＣＡＨ）、乙型肝炎后肝硬化（ＨＣ）和乙型重型肝炎（ＳＨ）ＰＢＭＣｓ经脂多糖诱导后，ＩＬ－１活性分别为３５３１．１±８８２．７Ｕ／ｍ１、２７６９．７±７３０．４±Ｕ／ｍｌ和５３２９．３±１０８９．３Ｕ／ｍｌ，高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５或（０．０１）；ＩＬ－６诱生活性分别为３８．９０±１４．７５Ｕ／ｍ１、２．４５±１８．８５Ｕ／ｍｌ和７１．９５±２８．０５Ｕ／ｍｌ（与正常对照组相比，ｐ＜０．０５或＜０．０１）；ＴＮＦα诱生活性在乙型慢性迁延性肝炎（ＣＰＨ）、ＣＡＨ、ＨＣ和ＳＨ中分别为３３．２３±７．２５Ｕ／ｍｌ、６．９９±１．８４Ｕ／ｍ１、４．２９±２．１７Ｕ／ｍｌ和８６．７０±２４．１８Ｕ／ｍｌ，与对照组相比Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１。各型患者血清中ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－６和ＴＮＦα活性均有不同程度的增高。文中对ＳＨ患者ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－６和ＴＮＦα之间的相互关系进行了探讨。     

rhGM—CSF／IL—3融合蛋白对人骨髓造血祖细胞体外培养的研究

研究了ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ／ＩＬ－３融合蛋白对人骨髓造血祖细胞（ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－ＧＥＭＭ、ＢＦＵ－Ｅ）集落形成的影响，结果表明ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ／ＩＬ－３能显著促进ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－ＧＥＭＭ、ＢＦＵ－Ｅ集落的形成，分别与ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、ＩＬ－３单独或联合用药比较，差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．００１），ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ＝ＧＥＭＭ、ＢＦＵ－Ｅ集落的形成对融合蛋白均有剂量依赖性，培养体系浓度在５￣１０ｎ     

一种N端缺失的rhGM-CSF(7～127)在大肠杆菌中的表达与调控

在ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ结构与功能研究的基础之上，通过应用ＰＣＲ介导的缺失与突变和基因重组等技术，构建了表达ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（７～１２７）的三种原核表达载体ｐＢＶ２２０／ＧＭ－ＴＧＡ，ｐＢＶ２２０／ＧＭ－ＴＡＡ和ｐＢＶ２２０／ＧＭ－３′ＵＴＲ。在三种载体内，ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（７～１２７）ｃＤＮＡ的５′端均缺失６个氨基酸，３′端则分别为天然终止密码ＴＧＡ，突变终止密码ＴＡＡ和ＴＧＡ加３′ＵＴＲ。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ表明三种载体表达ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（７～１２７）的水平分别为２１％，１８．８％和２５％。经过用ＰＣｇｅｎｅ软件和Ｚｕｌｃｅｒ算法分析ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（７～１２７）－３′ＵＴＲｍＲＮＡ的二级结构，表明３′ＵＴＲ在终止密码ＴＧＡ附近形成两个茎－环结构，它可能与ｐＢＶ２２０／ＧＭ－３′ＵＴＲ载体高表达ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（７～１２７）有关。表达产物ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ（７～１２７）经弱阴离子ＤＥＡＥ交换层析纯化后，纯度达到９２％，比活性为８×１０７Ｕ／ｍｇ。     

rhPRL对骨髓移植小鼠结肠腺癌肺转移的实验性治疗及免疫机理初探

通过体内实验进一步观察荷瘤小鼠放疗加骨髓移植后并用ｒｈＰＲＬ的治疗效果。选用Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６纯系小鼠，静脉注入同基因结肠腺癌细胞（ＭＣＡ－３８），待定向形成大量肺转移结节（１０ｄ）时进行全身致死放疗并进行ＳＢＭＴ，同时进行ｒｈＰＲＬ治疗。在治疗开始的１０ｄ和２０ｄ分别处死部分动物观察肺癌结节、骨髓ＣＦＵ－Ｃ、脾脏Ｔ细胞丝裂原反应与ＮＫ活性，最终计算生存期。结果表明ｒｈＰＲＬ对荷瘤小鼠具明显的治疗效果，生存期明显延长（Ｐ＜０．０１），由ＨＢＳＳ组的４３．７ｄ延至６３．１ｄ。治疗后１０ｄ和２０ｄ的肺结节数比ＨＢＳＳ组明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１），且同时造血系统（ＣＦＵ－Ｃ）和免疫功能（Ｔ细胞和ＮＫ细胞）回升较ＨＢＳＳ组明显（均为Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示ｒｈＰＲＬ在骨髓移植模型中可促进造血系统和免疫功能的重建，从而控制肿瘤的进展并延长生存期。     

糖皮质激素受体阻断对大鼠白细胞粘附的作用

目的明确ＧＲ阻断后对白细胞粘附的作用及可能的作用机制。方法１．在体实验。观察肠系膜微循环白细胞贴壁粘附数。 ２．高体实验。（１）ＰＭＮ与玻璃珠粘附;ＰＭＮ粘附率（％）粘附：ＰＭＮ粘附率（％）＝粘附前ＰＭＮ计数一洗脱液ＰＭＮ计数（３）ＰＭＮ粘附 粘附前ＰＭＮ计数分子ＣＤ１８：ＥＬＩＳＩＡ检测;（４）ＣＤ１８表达和ＰＭＮ与ＩＣＡＭ－１包被磁珠粘附的关系：ＰＭＮ与ＩＣＡＭ－１包被磁珠粘附,同时测定ＣＤ１８表达。结果１．在体实验。对照组仅有少量白细胞贴壁粘附（２．５０±２．１７）,阻断ＧＲ后白细胞贴壁粘附±Ｄｅｘ组的粘附率与ＴＮＦ组相比无显著差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）,Ｄｅｘ±ＴＮＦ组的粘附率与ＴＮＦ组相比有下降趋势．但差异不显著。ＴＮＦ＋Ｄｅｘ＋ＲＵ４８６组的粘附率与ＴＮＦ组和对照组相比均有差异（分别是 Ｐ＜０． ０５,Ｐ＜０． ０１）。 ２． ＰＭＮ与 ＥＣ粘附： ＴＮＦ组与ＴＮＦ＋Ｄｅｘ组结果同ＰＭＮ与玻璃珠粘附。Ｄｅｘ＋ＴＮＦ组的粘附率与ＴＮＦ组相比差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＴＮＦ＋Ｄｅｘ＋ＲＵ４８６组的粘附率与对照组相差十分显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）,与ＴＮＦ组相比,两者无明显差异。３．ＰＭＮ与ＩＣＡＭ－１包被磁珠粘附：ＴＮＦ     

血浆内皮素—1和肿瘤坏死因子与急性心肌梗塞的关系

本文对２０例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者检测了血浆内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）和肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）的水平，结果表明，ＡＭＩ组的ＥＴ－１、ＴＮＦ均较正常对照明显升高（Ｐ〈０．００１），且二者与肌酸磷酸激酶的ＭＢ同功酶（ＰＣＫ－ＭＢ）均呈正相关（ｒ＝０．０６９８４，Ｐ〈０．００１；ｒ＝０．６０５３，Ｐ〈０．０１）。研究结果说明ＥＴ－１和ＴＮＦ参与了ＡＭＩ的病理损伤过程。     

全反式维甲酸对人结肠癌LoVo细胞化疗药物敏感性及Survivin基因表达的影响

目的 探讨全反式维甲酸(ATRA)对人结肠癌LoVo细胞化疗药物敏感性及Survivin表达的影响,为ATRA的临床应用提供理论依据.方法 应用流式细胞仪检测经不同浓度(10-5、10-6、10-7mol/L)的ATRA作用不同时间(24、48、72 h及第5、9、15天)后结肠癌LoVo细胞的周期变化.将细胞分为AT...     

Toremifene combined with cytostatics: Effects on growth and histamine concentration of human mammary cancer in mouse subrenal capsule assay (SRCA)

Antiestrogens have been demonstrated to reduce multidrug resistance (MDR)in vitro. Clinical trials with the antiestrogen toremifene (T) combined with cytostatics are under way. We performed the 6-day subrenal capsule assay (SRCA) to 10 human mammary tumors to find out if T augments the potency of cytostatics in this model. The cancer tissue histamine concentrations were measured to see if histamine plays a role in the modulation.Toremifene and epirubicin (E) alone were not effective but together they caused significant reduction in tumor size (p<0.0001). 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cyclophosphamide were effective alone or with T, whereas neither mitomycin (MMC) nor MMC+T were effective. Tissue histamine concentrations varied in individual tumors. The highest values were in the T+E group (485±182 pmol/mg prot) which significantly (p<0.009) differed from the controls (245±155). There was an overal significant negative correlation (p<0.01) between tumor growth and histamine concentration. Treatment with T did not explain the differences in histamine concentrations.     

不同化疗药物对结肠癌细胞获得性TRAIL基因耐药的逆转作用

目的：探讨不同化疗药物对结肠癌DLD1细胞获得性TRAIL基因耐药的逆转作用及其可能的机制。 方法：将不同化疗药物联合重组腺病毒载体（Ad）介导的TRAIL基因处理对Ad/gTRAIL耐药的结肠癌DLD1-TRAIL/R细胞，通过MTT法检测治疗后肿瘤细胞的存活率，以评价化疗药物对TRAIL基因耐药的逆转作用；然后进一步在体内评价该逆转策略的有效性；接着通过Western免疫印迹等方法探讨逆转耐药的可能机制。结果：在体外检测了5-氟脲嘧啶、丝裂霉素、阿霉素、氟脲苷、依立替康以及顺铂6种化疗药物对DLD1-TRAIL/R细胞TRAIL基因耐药的逆转作用，结果发现只有5-氟脲嘧啶和丝裂霉素能够使DLD1-TRAIL/R细胞对Ad/gTRAIL重新敏感。进一步的结果表明联合5-氟脲嘧啶和Ad/gTRAIL能在体内有效地抑制DLD1-TRAIL/R细胞来源的肿瘤生长，且该抑制作用明显强于其它对照组。结论：联合使用Ad/gTRAIL和5-氟脲嘧啶或丝裂霉素能在体内外有效地逆转DLD1-TRAIL/R细胞对TRAIL基因的获得性耐药，其中丝裂霉素的逆转作用可能与其诱导的Bax过度表达有关。     

Ajoene and 5-fluorouracil in the topical treatment of Cladophialophora carrionii chromoblastomycosis in humans: a comparative open study.

Ajoene and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are compounds that have shown in-vitro activity against Cladophialophora carrionii, an important etiologic agent of chromoblastomycosis. An open comparative trial was conducted to assess safety and effectiveness of topical ajoene and 5-FU in the treatment of localized chromoblastomycosis. Thirty-seven patients with a clinically and mycologically confirmed diagnosis were randomly distributed into two groups allocated to ajoene (0.5% gel; n = 19) or 5-FU (1% cream; n = 18). Topical treatment was applied to localized lesions (< or = 2.5-cm diameter) once a day, with occlusion, for 12-16 weeks. Complete clinical and mycological remission was achieved in 14/19 patients (74%) treated with ajoene and 14/18 patients (78%) treated with 5-FU. All 5-FU-treated patients developed a post-treatment scar at the site of the lesion, while ajoene-treated patients showed only a slight depigmentation of the skin. The differences observed in cure rate between ajoene and 5-FU are not statistically significant. Follow-up of all patients for 4 years revealed no relapses in the ajoene-treated group, while one patient in the 5-FU-treated group had a relapse 6 months after the end of therapy. This trial represents the first clinical use of ajoene in the control of a deep mycosis.     

The influence of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha, alone and in combination with cyclophosphamide or methotrexate, on leukemia L1210 and normal hematopoiesis in mice.

We investigated the influence of rh-TNF administered as a single agent or in combination with CY or MTX on the survival time of mice inoculated with lymphoid leukemia L1210 and the effects of similar treatment on normal hematopoiesis in mice. The MST of rh-TNF--treated mice was longer than that of control animals. The longest survivals were observed in mice treated with 250 and 275 micrograms/kg of rh-TNF. Groups of mice receiving a combination of rh-TNF at doses of 225 or 250 micrograms/kg and MTX lived longer than animals treated with these agents separately. We observed the longest survival time of mice treated with combined administration of rh-TNF at a dose of 250 micrograms/kg and CY, but survival time was not significantly prolonged compared with mice receiving only CY. Additional studies were performed to examine the influence of rh-TNF administered as a single agent or in combination with toxic doses of CY or MTX on the number of granulocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes with hematocrit values and hemoglobin concentration, and platelets in peripheral blood, and the number of mononuclear cells as well as multipotential stem cells (CFU-GEMM) in bone marrow. Rh-TNF caused dose-dependent suppression of mononuclear cells and multipotential stem cells in bone marrow. The addition of MTX to rh-TNF caused no enhanced suppression of any of the above mentioned hematological parameters. In contrast, the addition of CY to rh-TNF suppressed erythrocytes and hematocrit values, as compared with rh-TNF alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

树突状细胞活化的CTLs联合5-FU在裸鼠体内外对喉癌的抑制作用

目的探讨树突状细胞(DCs)活化的细胞毒T细胞(CTLs)联合5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)在裸鼠体内外对喉癌的抑制作用。方法MTT法检测DCs激活的CTLs联合5-FU在裸鼠体外对喉癌细胞的抑制作用。裸鼠体内实验分为CTLs治疗组、5-FU治疗组、CTLs/5-FU治疗组及对照组,观察喉癌移植瘤的成瘤率、潜伏期、瘤重及瘤体积。结果治疗组在裸鼠体外都能显著抑制喉癌细胞生长,以CTLs/5-FU治疗组的效果最为显著(P<0.01)。在裸鼠体内实验中,治疗组的成瘤率、瘤体积、瘤重都显著降低,潜伏期延长,以CTLs/5-FU治疗组最为显著(P<0.01)。结论P联合应用DCs激活的CTLs及5-FU比单独应用CTLs或5-FU对喉癌的抑制效果更佳。     

Antileukemic effects of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (rh-TNF alpha) with cyclophosphamide or methotrexate on leukemia L1210 and leukemia P388 in mice.

We investigated the influence of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (rh-TNF alpha) administered as a single agent or in combination with cyclophosphamide (CY) or methotrexate (MTX) on the survival time of mice inoculated with lymphoblastic leukemia L1210 or lymphatic leukemia P388. The median survival time of leukemia L1210 bearing mice treated with rh-TNF alpha at doses ranging from 200 to 275 g/kg in daily i.p. injections was longer than that of control animals. Groups of mice with leukemia L1210 receiving rh-TNF alpha combined with either MTX or CY lived longer than animals treated with these agents individually. We observed only slight prolongation of life of animals inoculated with this tumor and treated with rh-TNF alpha at dose of 800 micrograms/kg in four injections on 2, 4, 6 and 8 day of experiment, and no effect when rh-TNF alpha was administered at dose of 200 or 400 micrograms/kg at the same treatment regime. In contrast no significant differences in lifetime were obtained from either simultaneous or sequential treatment of mice bearing leukemia P388. Groups of mice with this tumor treated with rh-TNF alpha in conjunction with either MTX or CY lived longer than controls, or rh-TNF alpha singly treated mice, but their survivals were not significantly prolonged compared with mice receiving cytostatics alone.     

血管抑素联合丝裂霉素C防止原发性翼状胬肉术后复发的临床疗效观察

目的　观察血管抑素（Angiostatin AS）联合丝裂霉素C（Mitomycin MMC）防止原发性翼状胬肉术后复发的临床疗效。 方法 对365例（369眼）原发性翼状胬肉随机分成3组,分别采用A组行逆行性翼状胬肉切除术联合丝裂霉素（121眼）,B组行逆行性翼状胬肉切除术联合血管抑素（122眼）,C组行逆行性翼状胬肉切除术联合丝裂霉素及血管抑素（126眼）等方法治疗,随访12～18个月,比较其复发率。 结果 3组间差异具有显著性意义（P<0.05）,C组复发率（0.8%, 1/126）最低,其次是B组（5.7%, 　7/122）,最后是A组（7.4%, 9/121）。 结论 逆行性翼状胬肉手术联合丝裂霉素C及血管抑制素治疗原发性翼状胬肉,其疗效显著,复发率低,值得推广。     

Correlation between chemosensitivity to anticancer drugs and Bcl-2 expression in gastric cancer

Objective: To investigate chemoresistance of human gastric cancer to chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro and explore the relationship with Bcl-2 protein expression. Methods: Single-cell suspensions were prepared from freshly excised samples of primary gastric cancer, and were separately exposed to taxol (TAX), cisplatin (CDDP), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), adriamycin (ADM) and mitomycin (MMC) for 48 h. The induction of cell death was confirmed by microscopic analysis of cell morphology. Metabolic activity and the inhibitory rate (IR) of cells were evaluated by MTT assay. Expression of Bcl-2 was determined by immunohistochemistry of gastric cancer tissue samples. Results: The IRs of cancer cells exposed to different chemotherapeutic drugs varied as follows: the IRs for TAX, CDDP and 5-FU were significantly higher than those for ADM and MMC (P < 0.01). Poorly differentiated gastric cancer cells were more sensitive than well-differentiated cells (P = 0.021). The positive rate of Bcl-2 expression was 80%, and Bcl-2 expression was significantly associated with chemoresistance to 5-FU (r_s = 0.265, P = 0.041), ADM (r_s = 0.425, P = 0.001) and MMC (r_s = 0.40, P = 0.002). Furthermore, Bcl-2 expression was strongly associated with lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer (P = 0.009). Conclusion: Overexpression of Bcl-2 may predict a loss of the efficacy of the chemotherapy drugs 5-FU, ADM and MMC in patients with gastric cancer.     

Comparison of the efficacy of oral capecitabine versus bolus 5-FU in preoperative radiotherapy of locally advanced rectal cancer

The effects of treatment with oral capecitabine vs. bolus 5-FU, administered concurrently with preoperative radiotherapy, were compared in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). One hundred and twenty-seven patients with LARC received concurrent preoperative chemoradiation using two cycles bolus 5-FU (500 mg/m2/day) plus leucovorin (LV, 20 mg/m2/day) (Group I). Another LARC group received concurrent chemoradiation using two cycles 1,650 mg/m2/day of oral capecitabine and 20 mg/m2/day of LV (Group II, 97 patients). Radiation was delivered to the primary tumor at 50.4 Gy in both groups. Definitive surgery was performed 6 weeks after the completion of chemoradiation. A pathologic complete remission was achieved in 11.4% of patients in Group I and in 22.2% of patients in Group II (p= 0.042). The down-staging rates of the primary tumor and lymph nodes were 39.0/ 68.7% in Group I and 61.1/87.5% in Group II (p=0.002/0.005). Sphincter-preserving surgery was possible in 42.1% of patients in Group I and 66.7% of those in Group II (p=0.021). Grade 3 or 4 leucopenia, diarrhea, and radiation dermatitis were statistically more prevalent in Group I than in Group II, while the opposite was true for grade 3 hand-foot syndrome. Preoperative chemoradiation using oral capecitabine was better tolerated than bolus 5-FU and was more effective in the promotion of both down-staging and sphincter preservation in patients with LARC.