全膝关节置换术治疗甲型血友病膝关节病变的疗效分析

目的 评价全膝关节置换术治疗甲型血友病膝关节病变的疗效、手术特点、假体选择及凝血因子替代治疗的有效性和安全性.方法 2003年6月至2009年4月,采用全膝关节置换术治疗甲型血友病膝关节病变患者19例(25膝);年龄18～54岁,平均33.4岁.Ⅷ因子替代治疗方案为手术当天补充至100%,术后3 d内80%以上,术后3 d至一周60%以上.术后进行以持续被动活动器(CPM)为主的功能锻炼,锻炼时机为Ⅷ因子输注后6 h内.观察比较手术前后膝关节HSS评分、疼痛、活动度及并发症.结果 18例(24膝)患者得到随访,随访时间7～54月,平均31个月.术前患者HSS评分为平均(51±14)分(31～64),术后HSS评分为平均(86±9.5)分(62～110).关节活动度由术前平均55°±26.3°(10°～100°),改善为术后平均82°±18.6°(60°～100°).屈曲畸形由术前平均19°±13°(0°～45°),改善为术后平均2.7°±3.2°(0°～10°).所有患者术后1～5 d时间内检测的平均Ⅶ因子浓度为74.07%.术后1例发生关节出血,1例发生腓总神经麻痹,1例患者术后17个月因假体感染行翻修术.结论 在合理补充凝血因子条件下,全膝关节置换术是治疗血友病膝关节病变的有效方法,可明显改善膝关节症状和活动度.     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节类风湿性关节炎中短期疗效随访

目的：为了观察人工全膝关节置换术（ TKA）治疗膝关节类风湿性关节炎（ RA）的中短期治疗效果。方法随访2007至2011年间行TKA治疗的38例（58膝）膝关节RA患者。采用HSS评分、KSS评分、WOMAC评分、VAS视觉疼痛评分对术前及术后患者的膝关节功能进行评价、同时对术后随访影像学资料进行评价;采用SF-36量表对患者健康状况进行评价。结果所有患者均未出现感染且获得平均3.3年（2～6年）随访,膝关节功能均明显改善,患者膝关节HSS评分由术前45.92±13.49分提高到术后88.19±5.98分,两者采用配对t 检验比较差异有统计学意义（ P ＝0.00）,其中优21膝,良34膝,优良率94.83％。膝关节屈曲畸形明显改善,膝关节活动度（ROM）由术前71.81°±32.58°提高到术后100.98°±13.99°,两者比较差异有统计学意义（ P＝0.00）。膝关节假体X线片采用膝关节学会的X线评价与计分系统评价未见假体松动。 SF-36评分中PCS由术前的26.27±3.91分提高到术后48.09±6.65分,两者比较差异有统计学意义（ P＝0.00）;MCS由术前的41.59±5.61分提高到51.83±5.44分,两者比较差异有统计学意义（ P＝0.00）。结论 TKA是治疗膝关节RA的有效方法,可提高患者生活质量。     

全膝关节置换术治疗血友病膝关节病

目的评价中重度血友病患者行全膝关节置换术的凝血因子替代治疗、手术特点、假体选择、术后康复及治疗费用。方法2004年4月至2006年8月，对6例（9膝）男性血友病患者行全膝关节置换术；年龄18-50岁，平均33．83岁；随访4-28个月，平均20个月。以瑞金方案补充凝血因子，手术日血友病A的Ⅷ因子：C水平〉50％，血友病B的Ⅸ因子：C水平〉40％即可手术，以后根据出血和凝血因子水平，减少凝血因子补充量。术中基于关节结构和功能选择假体。术后进行个体化康复训练。采用Cleveland膝关节评分和膝关节协会评分（KSS评分）进行评估，并统计凝血因子总量和住院总费用。结果根据Cleveland膝关节评分，优6膝，一般3膝。根据KSS评分，平均膝关节评分从术前（27．6±13．0）分增加到术后（84．3±11．4）分，平均膝关节功能评分从术前（27．1±33．3）分增加到术后（58．7±47．9）分。术后2例发生关节内出血，1例发生左腓总神经麻痹。平均住院费用为（141450±46501）元，西药和手术费用分别占总费用的48.2％和43．9％。结论对血友病膝关节病行全膝关节置换术可改善患者生活质量，其治疗关键是调整术前、术中和术后凝血因子水平，合理补充凝血因子。双膝受累时一次手术可节约医疗支出。     

全膝关节置换术治疗重型血友病性膝关节炎的临床研究

目的分析全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗重型血友病性膝关节炎的临床疗效。方法对8例(10膝)重型血友病性膝关节炎行TKA,比较手术前后膝关节HSS功能评分。结果 8例均获得随访12-60个月,平均24个月。术后患膝HSS功能评分:优1膝,良5膝,可4膝。手术前后HSS评分经t检验后P<0.05,差异有统计学意义,术后膝关节功能有明显改善。结论全膝关节置换术能够改善重型血友病性膝关节炎患者膝关节功能。     

后稳定型全膝关节置换术治疗成人膝大骨节病混合畸形

背景：成人膝大骨节病（Kashin-Beck disease,KBD）混合畸形采用常规方法治疗很难奏效,常需关节置换手术治疗。应用后稳定型全膝关节置换术（total knee arthroplasty,TKA）治疗成人膝KBD混合畸形的治疗方法及疗效有待探讨。目的：探讨后稳定型TKA治疗成人膝KBD混合畸形的手术方法及临床疗效。方法：应用TKA治疗成人膝KBD混合畸形23例（27膝）,男14例（17膝）,女9例（10膝）;年龄54～79岁,平均63.2岁;病程3.8～27年,平均13.5年。膝内翻畸形5°～20°,平均11.5°;膝外翻畸形10°～35°,平均18.5°;术前屈曲挛缩畸形5°～40°,平均12.4°。应用膝关节HSS评分标准及畸形矫治角度进行效果评价,膝关节HSS评分术前33.4～75.6分,平均43.5分,良3膝（11.1%）,可15膝（55.6%）,差9膝（33.3%）。混合畸形包括内翻内旋、外翻外旋和屈曲挛缩畸形。结果：随访时间为2个月～6年,平均28个月。1例下肢血栓性静脉炎经保守治疗痊愈;1例术后6个月时髌前痛,行股四头肌功能锻炼疼痛消失。随访期间无一例出现假体周围透明带、假体下沉或松动、植骨块移位、骨折、骨吸收、骨不愈合及胫骨平台塌陷。终末随访HSS评分为63.7～89.4分,平均82.6分,优18膝（66.67%）,良7膝（25.93%）,可2膝（7.40%）。各种混合畸形角度得到很大程度矫治。结论：应用后稳定型TKA治疗成人膝KBD混合畸形,可有效矫治内外翻、屈曲、旋转畸形,缓解疼痛,恢复膝关节功能,近期疗效满意。     

单髁置换术与全膝关节置换术治疗膝单间室骨性关节炎近中期疗效的对比研究

目的探讨膝单髁置换术(UKA)和全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗膝单间室重度骨性关节炎(KOA)的近中期临床疗效。方法随访本研究中因患膝单间室重度KOA接受单髁置换术的患者23例(23膝),同时期同术者施行的全膝关节置换术50例(56膝)。UKA组23位患者22名获得到了较为完整的临床随访,1例死亡。平均时间为28.6个月(4个月～7年),TKA组50位患者均获得随访,平均时间为32.9个月(2个月～7年)。对手术前后HSS评分,疼痛缓解,术中出血量及术后3d血红蛋白下降量,关节屈曲大于90°时间及屈曲大于120°膝关节数进行比较。结果UKA组与TKA组均获得满意疗效,两组患者均无假体松动,无关节翻修等严重并发症,HSS评分UKA组术前(64±5.75)分,术后末次随访(86±7.85)分(t=11.53,P0.001);TKA组术前(61±6.53)分,术后末次随访(84±7.92)分(t=18.64,P0.001)。与TKA组比较,UKA组术中出血(t=12.47,P0.001)及术后3d天血红蛋白下降少(t=13.61,P0.001),疼痛缓解相似(2=0.007,P0.05),术后膝关节屈曲到90°时间短(t=3.97,P0.05),术后能屈曲到120°的比率高。结论在严格掌握适应证的前提下,对于膝单间室重度KOA患者的手术治疗,UKA的近中期疗效可与TKA相媲美,而且UKA具有创伤小,出血少,患者耐受性好,术后恢复快的优点。     

高龄老人膝关节骨关节炎行全膝关节表面置换术的疗效观察

目的：观察全膝关节表面置换治疗高龄老人膝关节骨关节炎的短期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2006年8月至2011年8月在本组研究接受全膝关节表面置换术的高龄老年膝关节骨关节炎患者58例（60膝）,其中男18例（20膝）,女40例（40膝）;年龄75～82岁,平均77.6岁。采用HSS评分标准评估手术前后膝关节功能,观察有无并发症发生。结果所有患者术后均获随访,随访时间2.5～5.0年,平均3.5年。患者HSS平均评分由术前（38.00±8.12）分升高至术后最终随访时（90.00±7.94）分,术后优良率达92.9％。6例出现患侧下肢深静脉血栓,经抗凝及对症处理后痊愈。5例（5膝）切口愈合障碍。结论全膝关节表面置换治疗高龄老年膝关节炎短期临床疗效良好。     

全膝关节表面置换治疗严重膝关节畸形

目的探讨人工全膝关节表面置换术(TKA)治疗严重膝关节畸形临床疗效。方法应用全膝关节表面置换治疗严重膝关节畸形36例(48膝)。使用HSS评分标准评估分析术前、术后膝关节功能及术后疼痛、膝关节活动度的改善情况。43膝采用后稳定型人工全膝关节假体,5膝采用CCK型人工全膝关节假体。结果术后早期均无感染等并发症发生。术后X线片示假体位置良好,下肢力线良好。患者均获得随访,时间6～18个月。HSS评分术前为(41±5.3)分,术后6个月为(87.7±6.5)分。手术优良率为83.3%。患者疼痛、功能方面及活动度均有明显改善。结论全膝关节置换术对严重膝关节畸形的治疗效果满意。但应严格掌握手术适应证。     

膝关节置换术治疗晚期血友病性膝关节炎

目的探讨膝关节置换术治疗晚期血友病性膝关节炎的临床疗效、手术特点及围手术期凝血因子替代治疗方法。方法自2010年9月至2014年3月我科共对6例A型血友病性晚期膝关节炎患者行单侧全膝关节置换术,Amold分期Ⅳ期5例,Ⅴ期1例。观察围手术期凝血因子Ⅷ替代治疗过程、效果及膝关节置换术特点,对手术前及术后2年时患膝美国膝关节协会评分(the American knee society score,AKS)系统中的膝评分及功能评分进行比较。结果随访时间2~5年,平均3.6年。全膝关节置换术后早期无关节内出血、皮肤裂开,晚期无关节出血、假体松动、下沉,AKS膝评分从术前(57.7±5.6)分上升至术后2年时(97.0±1.4)分,功能评分从(65.0±6.3)分升至(92.5±4.2)分。结论全膝关节置换术治疗晚期血友病性膝关节炎需在确保凝血因子理想活性的前提下进行,手术难度较大,但效果满意,是治疗晚期血友病性膝关节炎安全、理想的措施。     

CR假体全膝关节置换术治疗膝骨关节炎的近期疗效

目的探讨保留后交叉韧带假体(CR假体)全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗膝骨关节炎的近期临床疗效。方法 56例(64膝)膝关节骨关节炎患者采用CR假体进行TKA。比较患者术前、术后1周、术后3个月及术后2年膝关节活动度及膝关节HSS评分。结果 56例TKA患者均恢复满意,且均获得2年以上随访。无一例出现感染、松动及异响。患者术后膝关节疼痛、功能和活动度方面均有明显改善。HSS评分由术前的34~48(41.00±4.34)分提高到术后2年的68~97(86.50±7.57)分,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);其中优46膝,良16膝,可2膝,优良率96.9%。关节活动度由术前的34°~90°(61.93°±18.22°)提高到术后2年的117°~130°(122.17°±3.92°),差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 CR假体TKA对治疗膝骨关节炎近期疗效良好。     

血友病关节炎人工膝关节置换及围手术期处理

目的探讨对血友病关节炎患者行人工膝关节置换的临床效果及其围手术期处理方法。方法1997年2月至2006年2月在血液内科的配合下,在围手术期行凝血因子Ⅷ和Ⅸ活性水平及抑制性抗体监测,强化凝血因子替代补充,我们对4例血友病关节炎患者共6个膝关节行人工膝关节置换治疗。术后平均随访4．4年,记录关节功能改善程度及并发症处理。结果血友病关节炎患者行人工膝关节置换可以使关节疼痛明显缓解,步行距离、上下楼梯和坐位起立等功能明显改善,关节活动度增加。术后早期3个膝关节出现关节内血肿或肌肉出血,其中1例患者因凝血因子Ⅷ抑制性抗体形成,单侧膝关节出现伤口愈合问题,1例患者一过性腓总神经麻痹,1例患者发生静脉循环危象。术后晚期1例患者出现双肘关节出血,但无晚期感染、假体松动、移位和断裂。结论人工膝关节置换可以为重度血友病性关节炎患者减轻关节疼痛,改善关节功能,但是围手术期并发症较多,需要密切监测凝血因子Ⅷ或Ⅸ活性,监测抑制性抗体形成,防止各种早期和晚期并发症的发生。     

Soft tissue releasing and serial casting for management of flexion contracture after primary total knee arthroplasty in a patient with hemophilia

Introduction and importanceFlexion contracture following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in patients with hemophilia is not uncommon, and this complication reduces knee range of motion and produces morbidity for the patient. This report states the success of treatment of flexion contracture after primary TKA in a patient with hemophilia; by open soft tissue contracture releasing and serial casting.Case presentationA 20-year-old-man presented with hemophilia type A. He had undergone TKA for treatment of secondary osteoarthritis, following chronic hemophilic arthropathy of his right knee. After surgery, the patient had progressive flexion contracture posture, until he had 45 degrees of knee flexion contracture at his 3 month follow up. The patient received open soft tissue releasing, then serial casting for 6 weeks. After this, the cast was removed and he continued with a home rehabilitation program. At 1 year follow, his knee flexion contraction contracture had improved up to 10 degrees. The patients function had recovered and he was satisfied with this treatment.Clinical discussionThe complications after TKA in patients with hemophilia are very challenging in there management; with flexion contracture after TKA being a common complication in patients with hemophilia.ConclusionIn severe flexion contracture following TKA, soft tissue releasing combined with serial casting is effective, and might be an option that is less invasive than revising all of the TKA components.     

伸直位骨性强直膝的全膝关节置换术

 目的 探讨伸直位骨性强直膝全膝关节置换术的手术方法与临床疗效。方法 2000 年6月至2007 年6 月, 对10 例伸直位骨性强直膝患者施行全膝关节置换术。男4 例, 女6 例;年龄29~63岁, 平均49 岁。双膝关节置换2 例, 单膝关节置换8 例。强直性脊柱炎3 例, 类风湿关节炎2 例, 血友病性关节炎1 例, 创伤性关节炎3 例, 化脓性关节炎1 例。膝关节均处于伸直位骨性强直畸形, 活动度0°, 美国特种外科医院(the Hospital for Special Surgery, HSS)膝关节评分(32.5±10.26)分。结果 全部病例随访3~10 年, 平均5.3 年。末次随访时HSS 膝关节评分提高至(87.75±6.45)分, 与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=18.668, P=0.000)。关节活动度提高至97.08°±11.57°, 与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=29.063, P=0.000)。术后发生皮肤坏死2 例、下肢深静脉栓塞1 例、假体周围骨折1 例、假体深部感染翻修1 例。术后X线复查未见假体松动。结论 采用髌旁内侧入路、股四头肌切开、二次截骨加软组织松解的全膝关节置换术可矫正伸直位骨性强直膝关节畸形, 配合正确的康复锻炼, 患者的膝关节功能和生活质量能得到明显提高。     

Total knee arthroplasty in hemophilic arthropathy

Chronic arthropathy causes major functional disability in patients with severe hemophilia. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and its impact on both quality of life and clotting factor use in patients with severe hemophilia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We evaluated 17 TKAs in 12 patients. The TKAs were performed between 1986 and 1996, and follow-up was 8-132 months (mean, 54 months). Mean age at arthroplasty was 39 years (22-51 years). Quality of life was evaluated using the Short Form 36 (SF-36). RESULTS: Results were good or excellent in 94% of patients. The improvement was greatest for pain. Recurrent hemarthrosis in six patients and development of an anticoagulant in two patients were the only postoperative complications. Clotting factor use did not decrease significantly after surgery. SF-36 scores showed an increase in physical activity responsible for an improvement in quality-of-life indicators. However, this improvement in functional capabilities seemed to wane over time as a result of arthropathy in other joints and of intercurrent diseases. CONCLUSION: TKA for hemophilic arthropathy provides good results that translate into quality-of-life gains.     

Total knee arthroplasty in hemophilic arthropathy of the knee

Twenty-five total knee arthroplasties were performed in 21 patients with hemophilia. The mean patient age was 35.8 years and mean follow-up time was 6.2 years. The average preoperative knee score increased from 18.6 points (range, 3-29) to 82.8 points (range, 44-99). The average preoperative knee function score increased from 41.4 points (range, 20-60 points) to 75.8 points (range, 45-95 points). The average preoperative range of motion was 73.4 degrees with an average flexion contracture of 22.6 degrees, whereas the average postoperative range of motion increased to 92.2 degrees with an average flexion contracture of 5.6 degrees. Median consumption of coagulation factor concentrate decreased from 4837 U/month before operation to 1500 U/month 1 year after surgery. The total knee arthroplasty is a useful treatment in severe hemophilic arthropathy to obtain pain relief and functional improvement, and to reduce the need for ongoing treatment using coagulation factor concentrate.     

Prevention of VTE Following total hip and knee arthroplasty in Hemophilia patients

The often debilitating condition of hemophilic arthropathy is treated with elective total joint arthroplasty. Little has been published addressing the role of thromboembolic prophylaxis in the hemophilic patient population following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Although the American College of Chest Physicians and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons have set guidelines for thromboembolic prophylaxis in the general population, no such standard of care is in place for hemophilic patients. While the risk of thrombosis in hemophilic patients following THA and TKA is thought to be lower, cases have been reported of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in hemophilic patients.     

人工全膝关节置换治疗膝关节骨关节炎

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗终末期膝关节骨关节炎的临床疗效。方法对行TKA治疗的181例终末期膝关节骨关节炎患者(226膝)分别于手术后40、120、180、360 d进行定期随访观察,对患者HSS膝关节功能评分及膝关节最大活动度进行比较。结果患者均获得随访,时间1~2年。膝关节功能HSS评分:优209膝(92.5%),良13膝(5.8%),可3膝(1.3%),差1膝(0.4%),优良率98.2%。术后各时间段的HSS评分及膝关节最大活动度均较术前显著提高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 TKA是治疗终末期膝关节骨关节炎的有效方法,正确的手术操作和合理的功能锻炼是取得满意临床效果决定性因素。     

Total knee arthroplasty in hemophilic arthropathy

BACKGROUND: Arthropathy of the knee frequently develops in patients with hemophilia, who may require a total knee arthroplasty at a young age. Hemophilic patients, who require regular intravenous replacement of coagulation factor, have a higher prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, which can compromise the outcome of the arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prosthetic survival following total knee arthroplasty and identify factors associated with failures of the arthroplasties in hemophilic patients. METHODS: The results of fifty-three total knee arthroplasties performed in thirty-eight patients (twenty-nine of whom were seropositive for HIV) to treat hemophilic arthropathy between 1976 and 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. Inpatient and outpatient medical records were studied to determine the HIV status, CD4 lymphocyte count, type of prosthesis, duration of prosthetic survival, cause of failure, and cause of death. If an arthroplasty failed, the outcome of the treatment of the failed arthroplasty was also determined. RESULTS: The rate of survival of the prostheses was 90% after five years. Eleven total knee arthroplasties failed. The most common cause of failure was infection (seven knees), which developed at an average of sixty months (range, three to 138 months) after the arthroplasty. There was no significant difference in the CD4 lymphocyte counts between the patients in whom infection developed and those in whom it did not. The HIV status also did not appear to be related to the development of infection. Thirteen patients died, and the most common cause of death was complications associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). CONCLUSIONS: Total knee arthroplasty performed to treat hemophilic arthropathy has a high risk of failure as a result of infection. Most infections developed late and were frequently caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis, suggesting that a likely cause of failure due to infection was hematogenous spread during administration of coagulation factor. It may be difficult to salvage a prosthesis complicated by infection. However, the life expectancy of hemophilic patients is lower than that of the general population of patients treated with total knee arthroplasty, and the improvement in the quality of life after total knee arthroplasty for hemophilic arthropathy may outweigh the risk of failure.     

Total knee arthroplasty in hemophilic arthropathy

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is very effective in relieving pain and improving function in patients with advanced hemophilic arthropathy. Because of intra-articular fibrosis and extra-articular muscle contracture, the gain in motion after TKA has been unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study is to report the results of TKA in patients with hemophilia using posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-sacrificing prostheses. From April 1987 to May 1998, 9 patients underwent 14 PCL-sacrificing TKAs for advanced hemophilic arthropathy. The average length of follow-up evaluation in surviving patients (13 knees) was 77 months (range, 25-159). A statistically significant difference was found between the preoperative and postoperative values with respect to pain score (5 vs 48), functional score (42 vs 78), flexion deformity (17 degrees vs 5 degrees ), and flexion range (56 degrees vs 81 degrees ). Nine complications occurred in 6 knees. One patient died from HIV-related complications, and none of the patients seroconverted to HIV during the follow-up period.