Sub-chronic Toxicity of Defoamer Used in Seawater Desalination

Objective To explore the possible long‐term health effects of the defoamer used in seawater desalination by sub‐chronic toxicity testing. Methods Blood analysis, internal organ assessment, and histopathological examination were carried out in rats exposed to low, medium, and high(0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg BW, respectively) doses of defoamer for 90 days through oral administration. Results The high dose group showed decreased blood alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase(P < 0.05). All doses resulted in a significant increase in albumin and decrease in globulin(P < 0.05). The direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin were decreased in the medium and high dose groups(P < 0.05). All dose groups showed significant induction of alkaline phosphatase(P < 0.05). Pathological examination revealed a case of liver mononuclear cell infiltration in the medium dose group and three cases of liver congestion, steatosis of hepatic cells around the central vein, and punctate necrosis with multiple focal mononuclear cell infiltration in male rats administered the high dose. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level was 0.5 g/kg BW in rats, with albumin and total bilirubin as health effect indices. Conclusion Long‐term defoamer exposure may cause liver injury but has no significant impact on renal function in rats. The effect on blood cells in female rats was more prominent than that in male rats.     

右美托咪定防治瑞芬太尼诱发术后痛觉过敏的临床效果

目的:探讨右美托咪定（dexmedetomidine,Dex）用于防治瑞芬太尼诱发的痛觉过敏（remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia,RIH）的有效性及安全性。方法:选择ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ级择期行食管癌根治术病人80例,随机分为4组:低剂量Dex组（LD组）,中剂量Dex组（MD组）,高剂量Dex组（HD组）以及对照组（C组）,每组20例。麻醉诱导前,LD组泵注Dex 0.25 μg/kg,10 min后继以0.25 μg·kg-1·h-1维持至手术结束前30 min;MD组泵注Dex 0.50 μg/kg,10 min后继以0.50 μg·kg-1·h-1维持至手术结束前30 min;HD组泵注Dex 1.00 μg/kg,10 min后继以1.00 μg·kg-1·h-1维持至手术结束前30 min;C组给予相应剂量的0.9%氯化钠注射液。记录拔管后改良的警觉-镇静（OAA/S）评分;拔管后10 min、30 min、1 h、2 h、6 h、12 h和24 h的视觉模拟（VAS）评分（安静时和活动状态下）;术后24 h内PCA泵所用药物总量以及术后不良反应的发生情况。结果:拔管后LD、MD和HD组VAS评分明显低于C组（P<0.01）,且呈现剂量依赖性。LD、MD、HD组病人术后24 h内镇痛药物总量和不良反应发生率明显少于C组（P<0.01）。结论:围手术期应用中等剂量的Dex可安全有效地改善病人术后疼痛及防治术中输注大剂量的瑞芬太尼所诱发的痛觉过敏,减少并发症,提高病人舒适度。     

Effect of short-term high-dose atorvastatin on systemic inflammatory response and myocardial ischemic injury in patients with unstable angina pectoris undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Background Percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） could develop periprocedural myocardial infarction and inflammatory response and statins can modify inflammatory responses property.The aim of this study was to evaluate whether short-term high-dose atorvastatin therapy can reduce inflammatory response and myocardial ischemic injury elicited by PCI.Methods From March 2012 to May 2014,one hundred and sixty-five statin-naive patients with unstable angina referred for PCI at Department of Cardiology of the 306th Hospital,were enrolled and randomized to 7-day pretreatment with atorvastatin 80 mg/d as high dose group （HD group,n=56） or 20 mg/d as normal dose group （ND group,n=57） or an additional single high loading dose （80 mg） followed 6-day atorvastatin 20 mg/d as loading dose group （LD group,n=52）.Plasma C-reactive protein （CRP） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels were determined before intervention and at 5 minutes,24 hours,48 hours,72 hours,and 7 days after intervention.Creatine kinase-myocardial isoenzyme （CK-MB） and cardiac troponin I （cTnl） were measured at baseline and then 24 hours following PCI.Results Plasma CRP and IL-6 levels increased from baseline after PCI in all groups.CRP reached a maximum at 48 hours and IL-6 level reached a maximum at 24 hours after PCI.Plasma CRP levels at 24 hours after PCI were significantly lower in the HD group （（9.14±3.02） mg/L） than in the LD group （（11.06±3.06） mg/L） and ND group （（12.36±3.08） mg/L,P ＜0.01）; this effect persisted for 72 hours.IL-6 levels at 24 hours and 48 hours showed a statistically significant decrease in the HD group （（16.19±5.39） ng/L and （14.26±4.12） ng/L,respectively）） than in the LD group （（19.26±6.34） ng/L and （16.03±4.08） ng/L,respectively,both P ＜0.05） and ND group （（22.24±6.98） ng/L and （17.24±4.84） ng/L,respectively）.IL-6 levels at 72 hours and 7 days showed no statistically significant difference among the study groups.Although PCI cau     

Gastroprotective effects of combination of hot water extracts of turmeric (Curcuma domestica L.), cardamom pods (Ammomum compactum S.) and sembung leaf (Blumea balsamifera DC.) against aspirin–induced gastric ulcer model in rats

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of the combination of turmeric (Curcuma domestica), cardamom pods (Amomum compactum) and sembung leaf (Blumea balsamifera) on gastric mucosa in aspirin-induced gastric ulcer model rats.MethodsThirty male Wistar rats weighing 150–200 g were divided into 6 groups. Four groups were administered with the hot water extracts combination consisted of cardamom pods 36.6 mg/200 g body weight and sembung leaf 91.5 mg/200 g body weight (fixed doses). The herbal extracts combination were also consisted of turmeric in various doses i.e. 10 mg/200 g body weight in the second group, 30 mg/200 g body weight in the first and third groups, and 50 mg/200 g body weight in the fourth group. The fifth group rats received sucralfate 72 mg/200 g body weight. Ten minutes after receiving herbal extracts combinations or sucralfate, the rats were induced with aspirin 90 mg/200 g body weight except the first group. Another group (sixth group) only received aspirin without any protective agent. All treatments were adsministered orally for seven days. The number and area of the gastric ulcers were counted and measured macroscopically. Score of mucosal damage and the number of eosinophils as well as the number of mast cells were observed in paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin eosin and toluidine blue, respectively.ResultsThe groups receiving herbal infuse combination exhibited less number and smaller area of gastric ulcers as well as smaller score of mucosal damage in comparison to those of aspirin group (P<0.05). The number of mast cells and eosinophil of herbal groups were also smaller than that of aspirin group.ConclusionsThe herbal extracts combination of turmeric (Curcuma domestica), cardamom pods (Amomum compactum) and sembung leaf (Blumea balsamifera) has potential gastroprotective effects.     

丹芍化纤胶囊对肝纤维化大鼠肝组织结缔组织生长因子表达的影响

目的：研究结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)在丹芍化纤胶囊治疗大鼠实验性肝纤维化组织中的表达，探讨丹芍化纤胶囊延缓肝脏纤维化的药理机制。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠80只分为正常组、肝纤维化模型组、自然恢复组、低剂量治疗组、高剂量治疗组，除正常组外，采用四氯化碳(CCl4)、饮酒、高脂低蛋白饮食等复合病因制备肝纤维化动物模型，低剂量组和高剂量组分别给予0．5g／kg、1g／kg丹芍化纤胶囊灌胃治疗8周，自然恢复组则给予等容量生理盐水。实验结束后测定血清透明质酸(HA)及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)，光镜下观察肝组织纤维化程度，同时用免疫组织化学法(SABC)检测肝组织中CTGF的表达。结果：与肝纤维化模型组、自然恢复组比较，治疗组血清HA及ALT显著下降，肝纤维化程度明显减轻，肝组织中CTGF的表达明显减少。结论：丹芍化纤胶囊能够抑制肝纤维化组织中CTGF的表达，这可能是丹芍化纤胶囊抗肝纤维化作用的机制之一。     

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of a mangrove plant Lumnitzera racemosa

Objective

To identify the hepatoprotective and in vitro antioxidant activity of Lumnitzera racemosa (L. racemosa) leaf extract.

Methods

Animals in Group 1 served as vehicle control, Group 2 served as hepatotoxin (CCL₄ treated) group, Group 3 served as positive control (Silymarin) group, and Group 4, 5 and 6 served as (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg bw p.o.) L. racemosa leaf extract treated groups. Moreover, in vitro antioxidant DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA), NO, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) were also analyzed for the leaf extract.

Results

The levels of the serum parameters such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, cholesterol (CHL), sugar and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly increased in CCL₄ treated rats when compared with the control group (P<0.05). But the L. racemosa leaf extract treated rats showed maximum reduction of SGOT [(210.36±19.63) IU/L], SGPT [(82.37±13.87) IU/L], ALP [(197.63±23.43) IU/L], bilurubin [(2.15±0.84) mg/dL], cholesterol [(163.83±15.63) mg/dL], sugar [(93.00±7.65) mg/dL] and LDH [(1134.00±285.00) IU/L] were observed with the high dose (300 mg/kg bw) of leaf extract treated rats. Histopathological scores showed that, no visible changes were observed with high dose (300 mg/kg bw) of leaf extract treated rats except few mild necrosis. The IC₅₀ values were observed as (56.37±4.87) µg/mL, (57.68±1.98) µg/mL, (64.15±2.90) µg/mL, (61.94±3.98) µg/mL, (94.53±1.68) µg/mL and (69.7±2.65) µg/mL for DPPH, HRSA, NO, FRAP, LPO and SOD radical scavenging activities, respectively.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the hepatoprotective effect of the L. racemosa leaf extract might be due to the presence of phenolic groups, terpenoids and alkaloids and in vitro antioxidant properties.     

血管活性肠肽(VIP)对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)大鼠脑组织IL-17A含量的影响

目的探讨血管活性肠肽(vasoactive intestinal peptide,VIP)对实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis,EAE)大鼠脑组织IL-17A含量的影响。方法 60只健康雌性Wistar大鼠随机分成正常对照组、EAE对照组、VIP低剂量防治组和VIP高剂量防治组。利用髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)+完全福氏佐剂(CFA)诱导建立EAE模型。自造模当日起,每隔一日分别对VIP低、高剂量防治组大鼠腹腔注射VIP 4nmol/kg(0.2 m L)、16 nmo L/kg(0.8 m L),正常对照组及EAE对照组注射0.8 m L生理盐水,连续10 d。观察大鼠发病情况;ELISA法检测脑组织匀浆中IL-17A因子含量变化;免疫组化技术,利用抗胶质纤维酸性蛋白抗体(GFAP)检测脑组织内的星型胶质细胞活化情况。结果 VIP各剂量防治组大鼠发病潜伏期延长、进展期缩短、发病高峰期神经功能障碍评分(NDS)降低,脑组织匀浆中IL-17A含量降低,活化的星型胶质细胞即GFAP~+细胞量减少,且各剂量组间存在一定剂量依赖关系。结论 VIP通过降低脑组织中IL-17A含量、抑制星型胶质细胞活化,发挥对EAE的防治作用。     

苦瓜乙醇提取物对肥胖大鼠糖代谢和内脏脂肪的影响

目的 研究苦瓜乙醇提取物对喂饲高脂饲料所致肥胖大鼠糖代谢和内脏脂肪量的影响。方法 高脂饲料饲养制备肥胖大鼠模型。肥胖大鼠随机分为模型组,苦瓜乙醇提取物低、中、高剂量（9、18、36 g/kg）组,左旋肉碱（600 mg/kg）阳性对照组,另设对照组（正常饲料饲养）和苦瓜乙醇提取物36 g/kg给药组。各组大鼠每天ig相应药物或等体积0.5%羧甲基纤维素钠溶液,每天记录摄食量,每周记录体质量。给药第6周进行糖耐量实验;给药7周后所有动物禁食18 h,麻醉后腹主动脉采血,检测血清葡萄糖和胰岛素水平;分离附睾、肾周和肠系膜脂肪并称质量,附睾脂肪组织随后进行HE染色检测脂肪细胞病变。结果 苦瓜乙醇提取物36 g/kg能够明显降低肥胖大鼠体质量,抑制大鼠食物利用率,减少附睾、肾周和肠系膜白色脂肪量,降低空腹血糖浓度,抑制附睾脂肪细胞肥大;苦瓜乙醇提取物18 g/kg也明显降低肥胖大鼠附睾脂肪质量。但苦瓜乙醇提取物对肥胖大鼠的糖耐量和胰岛素抵抗指数无明显影响。结论 苦瓜乙醇提取物通过抑制肥胖大鼠内脏脂肪聚积和附睾脂肪细胞肥大以及降低空腹血糖浓度发挥减肥和抗糖尿病作用。     

Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic activity of ethanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum Linn. leaf in alloxan induced diabetic rats

ObjectiveTo evaluate the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic effect of ethanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum (M. malabathricum) Linn. leaf in alloxan induced diabetic rats.MethodsDiabetes was induced in albino rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg i.p). the ethanol extracts of M. malabathricum at a dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg of body weight were administrated at a single dose per day to diabetes induced rats for a period of 14 d. The effect of ethanol extract of M. malabathricum leaf extract on blood glucose, plasma insulin, creatinine, glycosylated haemoglobin, urea serum lipid profile [total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and phospholipid, serum protein, albumin, globulin, serum enzymes (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminases), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase] were measured in the diabetic rats.ResultsIn the acute toxicity study, ethanol extract of M. malabathricum leaf was non-toxic at 2 000 mg/kg in rats. The increased body weight, decreased blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and other biochemical parameters level were observed in diabetic rats treated with both doses of ethanol extract of M. malabathricum leaf compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, ethanol extract of M. malabathricum leaf administration, altered lipid profiles were reversed to near normal than diabetic control rats.ConclusionsEthanol extract of M. malabathricum leaf possesses significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic activity in diabetic rats.     

Serum 25（OH）D and Lipid Levels in Chinese Obese and Normal Weight Males before and after Oral Vitamin D Supplementation

Objective To study the effect of oral vitamin D （VD） supplementation on VD status and serum lipid in Chinese obese and healthy normal-weight men. Methods Twenty-one obese men with their body mass index （BMI）〉28 kg/m2 served as an obese group and 22 healthy normal-weight men with their BMI〈24 kg/m2 served as a control group in this study. After they were given 50 000 IU of oral VD, once a week for 8 weeks, the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25（OH）D] concentration was measured with an enzyme-immunoassay kit. Results After oral VD supplementation, the serum 25（OH）D concentration significantly increased from 46.1＋9.1 nmol/L to 116.7_＋20.3 nmol/L in the obese subjects （P〈O.01） and from 52.8_＋17.8 nmol/L to 181.3_＋30.2 nmol/L in the control ones （P=0.13）. The serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） level was reduced within the normal reference range in the obese group. However, no significant change was observed in the level of other serum lipids （triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol） in either of the two groups. Conclusion The effect of high-dose oral VD supplementation is weaker on VD status in the obese group than in the control group. High-dose oral VD supplementation has no side effect on serum lipid level in obese and control groups.     

清脑方对缺血性眩晕大鼠脑损伤的保护作用

目的 初步研究清脑方（Qingnaofang, QNF）对缺血性眩晕大鼠脑损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。方法 采用手术结扎右侧颈总动脉和锁骨下动脉致大鼠右侧半脑不完全脑缺血建立缺血性眩晕大鼠模型。分为模型组,QNF 1.04、0.52、0.26 g/kg组,盐酸地芬尼多15 mg/kg组,银杏叶片5.76 mg/kg组以及假手术组,观察QNF对旋转刺激缺血性眩晕大鼠跳台逃避潜伏期的影响,取材并测定动物缺血侧组织Lac、LDH、SOD、MDA、NO及NOS的含量或活性。结果 （1）与模型组相比,QNF 1.04、0.52、0.26 g/kg组大鼠跳台逃避电击潜伏期分别缩短53.6%（P<0.01）、33.8%（P<0.05）、56.5%（P<0.01）。（2）QNF 1.04、0.52、0.26 g/kg均可显著降低缺血侧脑组织中Lac的含量以及LDH的活力 （P<0.05,P<0.01）,降低其TNOS及iNOS活力 （P<0.01）;QNF 0.52 g/kg剂量能够明显降低缺血侧脑组织中SOD活力;QNF 0.52、0.26 g/kg剂量可显著降低其MDA和NO的含量 （P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论 QNF对缺血性眩晕大鼠脑损伤有一定的保护作用,能够减轻模型动物的眩晕症状,其脑保护作用机制可能与改善缺血脑组织能量代谢,减少氧化应激和炎性损伤有关。     

除虫脲亚慢性染毒对大鼠血液系统的影响

目的在研究除虫脲对大鼠的亚慢性经口毒性基础上,初步探讨染毒后对大鼠血液系统的影响。方法将80只SPF级SD大鼠按体重随机分成4组,每组20只,雌雄各半。分别用含0、25、500、10000 mg/kg除虫脲的饲料连续喂饲染毒3个月,观察各组大鼠的临床表现、摄食量、体重,实验结束时测定相关血液学指标、血液生化学指标、脏器重量、脏器系数及病理组织学改变。结果实验期间,各剂量组雌、雄鼠进食、活动、饮水基本正常,未见明显中毒表现。中、高剂量组大鼠血液红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白浓度(HGB)和红细胞压积(HCT)降低,高剂量组大鼠血液平均红细胞体积(MCV)和红细胞分布宽度(RDW)升高,并且雄鼠血清总胆红素(TBIL)升高,与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01或0.05)。高剂量组大鼠脾脏重量和脏器系数均增高,雌鼠肝脏重量和脏器系数均增高,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。高剂量组全部动物及中剂量组部分动物脾脏明显肿大,质地较硬,颜色较深。病理检查结果显示其脾脏红髓髓窦高度扩张并充满大量红细胞,髓质内含铁血黄素沉积明显。结论除虫脲对大鼠血液系统有明显损害,长期接触可能会导致脾脏肿大、机体出现慢性溶血性贫血表现。     

白藜芦醇对血管钙化大鼠血压和心脏功能的影响

目的观察白藜芦醇对维生素D3和尼古丁诱导的血管钙化大鼠血压和心脏功能的影响。方法选取32只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为对照组、钙化组、白藜芦醇低剂量处理组和高剂量处理组等4组。6周后观察其血压、心功能指标、血清和主动脉碱性磷酸酶活性以及主动脉HE染色。结果与对照组比较,钙化组大鼠的左心室质量指数、心率、收缩压、脉压差、平均动脉压、左室收缩末压、血清和主动脉碱性磷酸酶活性分别升高27.3%、8.8%、22.8%、47.5%、13.6%、19.0%、280%和265%(P0.05或P0.01)。与钙化组比较,白藜芦醇低剂量处理组的脉压差、血清和主动脉碱性磷酸酶活性分别降低和8.5%、34.5%和29.5%(P0.05或P0.01);白藜芦醇高剂量处理组的左心室质量指数、收缩压、脉压差、平均动脉压、左室收缩末压、血清和主动脉碱性磷酸酶活性分别降低14.2%、13.6%、23.7%、10.0%、9.0%、53.1%和45.9%(P0.05或P0.01)。白藜芦醇高剂量与低剂量处理组相比其收缩压、脉压差、左室收缩末压、血清和主动脉碱性磷酸酶活性分别降低8.3%、16.7%、5.8%、28.4%和23.2%(P0.05或P0.01)。HE染色显示:与对照组比较,钙化组大鼠主动脉管壁厚度增加,中膜弹力纤维紊乱,白藜芦醇处理组主动脉管壁厚度减小,弹力纤维排列有序。结论白藜芦醇能够有效降低血管钙化大鼠血压和改善心脏功能。     

In vitro α–amylase inhibitory activity and in vivo hypoglycemic effect of methanol extract of Citrus macroptera Montr. fruit

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effects of methanol extract of Citrus macroptera Montr.fruit in α-amylase inhibitory activity (in vitro) and hypoglycemic activity in normal and glucose induced hyperglycemic rats (in vivo).MethodsFruits of Citrus macroptera without rind was extracted with pure methanol following cold extraction and tested for presence of phytochemical constituents, α-amylase inhibitory activity, and hypoglycemic effect in normal rats and glucose induced hyperglycemic rats.ResultsPresence of saponin, steroid and terpenoid were identified in the extract. The results showed that fruit extract had moderate α-amylase inhibitory activity [IC₅₀ value=(3.638±0.190) mg/mL] as compared to acarbose. Moreover at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg doses fruit extract significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively) reduced fasting blood glucose level in normal rats as compared to glibenclamide (5 mg/kg). In oral glucose tolerance test, 500 mg/kg dose significantly reduced blood glucose level (P<0.05) at 2 h but 1000 mg/kg dose significantly reduced blood glucose level at 2 h and 3 h (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively) whereas glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced glucose level at every hour after administration. Overall time effect is also considered extremely significant with F value=23.83 and P value=0.0001 in oral glucose tolerance test.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the plant may be a potential source for the development of new oral hypoglycemic agent.     

Oxidative Stress, Biochemical and Histopathological Alterations in the Liver and Kidney of Female Rats Exposed to Low Doses of Deltamethrin (DM): A Molecular Assessment

Objective To evaluate histopathological alterations of the liver and kidney of female rats exposed to low doses of DM and its potential genotoxic activity. Methods Female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to control (3 groups, 6 rats in each) and treatment groups (3 groups, 6 rats in each). They were subjected to subcutaneous injections of DM (at doses of 0.003, 0.03, and 0.3 mg/kg bw/d) after 30, 45, and 60 d, respectively. Results Significant alterations were recorded in liver parenchyma induced by hepatic vacuolization, fragmented chromatin in nuclei, dilatation of sinusoids and congestions. Lesions within proximal and distal tubules were observed in the kidneys. Tissue congestions and severe alterations within glomeruli were visible. DM as a pyrethroid insecticide induced significant increase (P≤0.05) of plasma MDA concentrations after 45 d. A significant increase (P≤0.05) in plasma ALT (after 45 and 60 d) and AST (after 60 d) concentrations was recorded as compared to controls. During the whole experimental period the toxic agent provoked significant DNA damages (P≤0.05), especially in the dominance of classes 3 and 4 of obtained comet. Conclusion DM even at a very low dose displays harmful effects by disrupting hepatic and renal function and causing DNA damages in puberscent female rats. Low doses of DM are hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic.     

PM2.5对大鼠子宫组织形态及氧化应激效应的影响

目的 探究PM_2.5对大鼠子宫组织生理及相关生化应激效应的影响。方法 将30只SD雌鼠随机分为3个不同PM_2.5暴露组（生理盐水对照组、1.5 mg/kg PM_2.5低剂量组和37.5 mg/kg PM_2.5高剂量组）。PM_2.5暴露10 d后,将雌鼠处死,HE染色观察子宫组织病理变化,并检测子宫组织中SOD、GSH、MDA和LDH含量。结果 与对照组相比,PM_2.5暴露组雌鼠子宫组织结构异常,内膜上皮细胞变薄,排列混乱;固有层基质细胞和血管减少。氧化应激指标检测结果显示,高剂量组MDA和LDH含量分别为（6.53±1.24） nmol/mg prot和（265.62±24.65） U/g prot,明显高于对照组（P<0.05）;高剂量组和低剂量组SOD和GSH含量均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 PM_2.5可对大鼠子宫组织形态造成破坏,并诱发子宫相关的氧化应激反应。     

杜仲茶对大鼠的降血脂作用

目的 对杜仲茶口服给予大鼠辅助降血脂功能进行评价,为该茶饮用于人体辅助降血脂的功能提供动物试验资料。方法 选择72只雄性SD大鼠,先按体重随机取12只作为正常对照组给予维持饲料,剩余60只动物给予模型饲料进行造模。2周后,根据TC水平选择48只随机分成模型对照组和供试品低、中、高剂量等4组。供试品各剂量组灌胃杜仲茶粉悬液,给药7、14、21、28、35、42 d称重。30、45 d分别测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)水平。结果 大鼠在给予模型饲料2周后,与正常对照比较,模型组血清TC和LDL-C值显著升高(P<0.01、P<0.01),大鼠混合型高脂血症动物模型建模成功。与模型组比较,给予供试品30 d时,供试品各剂量组显示有降低血脂趋势;45 d时,与模型组比较,供试品低、高剂量组血清中TC、LDL-C值显著降低(P<0.01、P<0.05)、(P<0.01、P<0.01),低、中和高剂量组TG值显著降低(P<0.01、P<0.01、P<0.01),同时,HDL-C值不显著低于模型组(P>0.05、P>0.05、P>0.05)。结论 杜仲茶粉以低剂量0.43 g/kg、中剂量组0.86 g/kg和高剂量组1.71 g/kg在灌胃给予SD大鼠30 d后,血清中TC、TG、LDL-C水平有降低的趋势。调整剂量为低剂量0.43 g/kg、中剂量组1.71 g/kg和高剂量组3.42 g/kg延长至给药45 d,杜仲茶粉对大鼠具有辅助降血脂作用。     

不同剂量氢化可的松对内毒素休克早期大鼠内环境影响的实验研究

目的探讨不同剂量氢化可的松(hydrocortisone,HC)对内毒素休克早期大鼠内环境的影响。方法经股静脉注射脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)25 mg/kg,建立内环境紊乱的内毒素休克早期大鼠模型。40只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(等量生理盐水替代LPS和HC)、内毒素休克早期组(LPS组,等量生理盐水替代HC)、大剂量HC组(HD组,HC 100mg/kg)、中剂量HC组(MD组,HC 50 mg/kg)和小剂量HC组(LD组,HC 5 mg/kg),每组8只动物。模型建立后经静脉注射HC处理并观察4 h后,经股动脉取血进行微量血气、血糖及电解质钾、钠、钙的检测。结果与对照组相比,LPS组出现明显的代谢性酸中毒、高血钾、高血钠、低血钙及高血糖等内环境紊乱状态(P<0.05)。各HC干预组代谢性酸中毒指标及高血钾有所改善,以LD组改善最为显著(P<0.05)。仅LD组血钙明显高于LPS组(P=0.023),MD、HD组与LPS组相比差异无统计学意义。对照组与LD组的基础血糖值与实验结束时血糖值比较差异无统计学意义。实验结束时,LPS组血糖显著高于对照组和LD组(P<0.05);而HD组血糖甚至较LPS组高,MD组结果介于HD组与LD组之间,与HD组比较差异无统计学意义。结论内毒素休克早期大鼠存在明显的内环境紊乱,不同剂量HC对其影响不同。小剂量HC对早期内环境紊乱有所改善,大、中剂量HC对内毒素休克早期内环境紊乱未见明显改善。     

Evaluation of plasma H2S levels and H2S synthesis in streptozotocin induced Type-2 diabetes-an experimental study based on Swietenia macrophylla seeds

ObjectiveTo evaluate the plasma H₂S levels and H₂S synthesis activity in streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetes rats compared to the healthy controls and also to observe the effect of the aqueous extract of Swietenia macrophylla (S. macrophylla) seeds on the experimental groups.MethodsSeeds of S. macrophylla were separated, washed, shed-dried and finally extract was prepared. Thirty two wistar rats were selected for the experimental study. Streptozotocin was used for the induction of diabetes. H₂S concentration in plasma was measured. H₂S synthesizing activity in plasma was measured. Statistical analysis have done using Microsoft excel, Office 2003. Values were expressed by mean ± SD. P<0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsFasting blood glucose level (7.74 ± 0.02) mmol/L was significantly increased in diabetic rats. The glucose levels are significantly lowered in the rats treated with metformin (5.48 ± 0.03) mmol/L as well as with aqueous extract of S. macrophylla seeds (3.72 ± 0.04) mmol/L. The HbA1c percentages in different groups of study subjects also indicate similar trends. Our study shows both the plasma H₂S levels (22.07 ± 0.73) mmol/L and plasma H₂S synthesis activity (0.411 ± 0.005 mmol/100 g) are significantly reduced in the streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.ConclusionsAlthough considering a small sample size, it can conclude that the fasting blood glucose levels are inversely related to plasma H₂S levels as well as H₂S synthesis activity in plasma and the extract of S. macrophylla is associated with increased plasma H₂S levels with effective lowering of blood glucose in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.     

牛樟芝对易卒中的自发性高血压大鼠脑蛋白质组学的影响

目的 研究牛樟芝能否延长易卒中的自发性高血压大鼠的生存时间,并运用蛋白质组学方法对其作用机制进行探讨。 方法 先选取80只雄性易卒中的自发性高血压大鼠,随机分为给药组和对照组（每组40只）,给药组每天用牛樟芝（150 mg/kg）灌胃治疗,记录卒中大鼠的自然死亡时间。另外再选取6只易卒中的自发性高血压大鼠,随机分为给药组和对照组（每组3只）,给药组给予牛樟芝灌胃治疗（150 mg/kg）,连续90 d后取大鼠脑组织进行蛋白质组学研究,用WKY大鼠作为正常对照,对用药前后产生的差异蛋白点进行质谱鉴定,并用蛋白质印迹法进一步验证组学的鉴定结果。 结果 牛樟芝延长了易卒中的自发性高血压大鼠的生存时间（P<0.05）,蛋白质组学鉴定结果显示牛樟芝上调了脑组织抗氧化酶谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶（GST）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的表达（P<0.05）,这一结果得到了蛋白质印迹法的验证。对脑组织氧化应激水平的研究发现机体的总抗氧化能力增强[T-AOC：（66.48±16.17） U/g vs （124.75±28.43） U/g, P<0.05）,表现在GST和SOD的酶活性增加[GST：（40.33±5.24） U/mg vs （70.50±6.24） U/mg, P<0.05; SOD：（109.25±23.61） U/mg vs （192.60±23.95） U/mg,P<0.05],而氧化应激产物丙二醛含量减少[（3.96±0.45） nmol/mg vs （2.04±0.31） nmol/mg,P<0.05]。 结论 长期服用牛樟芝能延长易卒中的自发性高血压大鼠的生存时间,这可能与其增加脑组织抗氧化酶的表达、减轻氧化应激的损伤有关。