应用无创心输出量测定技术动态监测新生儿心力衰竭的心输出量及临床意义

目的 探讨采用无创心输出量测定技术(ultrasonic cardiac output monitoring,Uscom)动态监测心力衰竭新生儿的心输出量及临床意义.方法 采用Uscom无创监测40例心力衰竭新生儿心力衰竭治疗前及治疗后12h、24h、48h和40例正常新生儿的左右心输出量变化.结果 心力衰竭新生儿的左、右心输出量分别为(0.38±0.15)L/min、(0.65±0.26)L/min ,较正常新生儿的左、右心输出量明显下降[(0.59±0.25)L/min、(0.88±0.41)L/min(P均<0.05)].经抗心力衰竭治疗后12h,左、右心输出量分别为(0.45±0.21)L/min、(0.75±0.25)L/min,较治疗前无明显改善(P>0.05);治疗后24h、48h,左、右心输出量分别为(0.61±0.28)L/min、(0.62±0.22)L/min和(0.92±0.36)L/min、(0.93±0.24)L/min,较治疗前比较明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05).结论 采用Uscom技术监测心力衰竭新生儿的心输出量是方便可行的,可指导临床治疗.     

床旁无创血流动力学监测在新生儿感染性休克诊治中的应用价值北大核心CSCD

目的探讨床旁无创血流动力学监测指标在指导新生儿感染性休克诊治中的应用价值。方法根据购买并使用超声心排出量监测仪（USCOM）进行血流动力学监测的时间作为分组条件,将上海市儿童医院新生儿科2014年5月至2016年12月收治的患儿分为3组。16例未行USCOM检测感染性休克患儿为非USCOM监测组,20例行USCOM检测感染性休克患儿为USCOM监测组。另20例患儿为对照组,该组患儿血流动力学稳定,基础疾病主要为早产、新生儿黄疸、新生儿肺炎等。对USCOM监测组和对照组患儿使用USCOM检查,记录每搏心排出量（SV）、心排出量（CO）、心率（HR）、心指数（CI）、外周血管阻力指数（SVRI）。比较USCOM监测组及非USCOM监测组患儿多巴胺、多巴酚丁胺、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素用量及血管活性药物使用时间。对3组结果进行比较。结果与对照组相比,USCOM监测组治疗前的CO[（0.68±0.44） L/min比（0.44±0.17） L/min,t=3.306,P=0.004]、CI[（4.40±1.88） L/（min·m^2）比（3.00±0.40） L/（min·m^2）,t=3.328,P=0.004]、SV[（3.90±2.39） cm^3比（3.08±0.31） cm^3,t=2.227,P=0.038]、HR[（166.09±26.20）次/min比（145.35±16.16）次/min,t=2.750 ,P=0.013]均升高,而SVRI[（795.88±450.19） d·s/（cm5·m^2）比（1 160.61±49.59） d·s/（cm5·m^2）,t=-2.898,P=0.009]降低,差异均有统计学意义。USCOM监测组治疗后与治疗前相比,CO[（0.56±0.28） L/min比（0.68±0.44） L/min,t=2.456,P=0.024]和CI[（3.65±1.10） L/（min·m^2）比（4.40±1.88） L/（min·m^2）,t=2.614 ,P=0.017]均显著下降,差异有统计学意义。与非USCOM监测组相比,USCOM监测组的多巴胺用量[（45.72±28.80） mg/kg比（85.83±69.33） mg/kg,t=2.352,P=0.005]、多巴酚丁胺用量[（12.81±26.18） mg/kg比（85.83±69.33） mg/kg,t=4.351,P=0.002]、肾上腺素用量[（0.11±0.33） mg/kg比（0.90±1.75） mg/kg,t=1.986,P=0.014]及血管活性药物使用时间[（68.10±34.37） h比（167.75±117.14） h,t=3.626,P=0.001]均减少,去甲肾上腺素用量[（1.91±3.79） mg/kg比（0.47±0.90） mg/kg,t=-1.481,P=0.046]增多,差异均有统计学意义。结论床旁无创血流动力学监测在新生儿感染性休克诊治中起重要作用,可以明确休克的血流动力学状态,指导合理使用血管活性药物,提高治疗成功率。     

不同液体疗法在治疗小儿感染性休克中的作用

目的比较两种液体疗法在治疗小儿感染性休克中的作用。方法感染性休克患儿48例,用传统扩容法治疗27例,液体复苏法治疗21例,其他抗感染及血管活性药物使用原则相同。比较两种方法治疗患儿的循环稳定时间、肺水肿发生率、PICU住院时间及死亡率。结果液体复苏法组患儿达到循环稳定时间[(121.63±75.59)min]较传统扩容组[(216.10±168.13)min]明显缩短(P0.05);液体复苏法组患儿肺水肿发生率(9.5%)与传统扩容组(14.8%)相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);液体复苏法组患儿PICU住院时间[(3.944±2.711)d]较传统扩容组[(6.188±3.250)d]明显缩短(P0.05);液体复苏法组患儿死亡率(14.3%)明显低于传统扩容组(40.7%)(P0.05)。结论液体复苏法能使患儿循环较快获得稳定,缩短PICU住院时间,并提高患儿生存率,而不会引起更多并发症,值得临床推广。     

床旁无创血流动力学监测在新生儿感染性休克诊治中的应用价值北大核心CSCD

目的探讨床旁无创血流动力学监测指标在指导新生儿感染性休克诊治中的应用价值。方法根据购买并使用超声心排出量监测仪（USCOM）进行血流动力学监测的时间作为分组条件,将上海市儿童医院新生儿科2014年5月至2016年12月收治的患儿分为3组。16例未行USCOM检测感染性休克患儿为非USCOM监测组,20例行USCOM检测感染性休克患儿为USCOM监测组。另20例患儿为对照组,该组患儿血流动力学稳定,基础疾病主要为早产、新生儿黄疸、新生儿肺炎等。对USCOM监测组和对照组患儿使用USCOM检查,记录每搏心排出量（SV）、心排出量（CO）、心率（HR）、心指数（CI）、外周血管阻力指数（SVRI）。比较USCOM监测组及非USCOM监测组患儿多巴胺、多巴酚丁胺、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素用量及血管活性药物使用时间。对3组结果进行比较。结果与对照组相比,USCOM监测组治疗前的CO[（0.68±0.44） L/min比（0.44±0.17） L/min,t=3.306,P=0.004]、CI[（4.40±1.88） L/（min·m^2）比（3.00±0.40） L/（min·m^2）,t=3.328,P=0.004]、SV[（3.90±2.39） cm^3比（3.08±0.31） cm^3,t=2.227,P=0.038]、HR[（166.09±26.20）次/min比（145.35±16.16）次/min,t=2.750 ,P=0.013]均升高,而SVRI[（795.88±450.19） d·s/（cm5·m^2）比（1 160.61±49.59） d·s/（cm5·m^2）,t=-2.898,P=0.009]降低,差异均有统计学意义。USCOM监测组治疗后与治疗前相比,CO[（0.56±0.28） L/min比（0.68±0.44） L/min,t=2.456,P=0.024]和CI[（3.65±1.10） L/（min·m^2）比（4.40±1.88） L/（min·m^2）,t=2.614 ,P=0.017]均显著下降,差异有统计学意义。与非USCOM监测组相比,USCOM监测组的多巴胺用量[（45.72±28.80） mg/kg比（85.83±69.33） mg/kg,t=2.352,P=0.005]、多巴酚丁胺用量[（12.81±26.18） mg/kg比（85.83±69.33） mg/kg,t=4.351,P=0.002]、肾上腺素用量[（0.11±0.33） mg/kg比（0.90±1.75） mg/kg,t=1.986,P=0.014]及血管活性药物使用时间[（68.10±34.37） h比（167.75±117.14） h,t=3.626,P=0.001]均减少,去甲肾上腺素用量[（1.91±3.79） mg/kg比（0.47±0.90） mg/kg,t=-1.481,P=0.046]增多,差异均有统计学意义。结论床旁无创血流动力学监测在新生儿感染性休克诊治中起重要作用,可以明确休克的血流动力学状态,指导合理使用血管活性药物,提高治疗成功率。     

超声心输出量监护仪监测脓毒症新生儿心功能的研究

目的 使用便携式超声心输出量监护仪(ultrasonic cardiac output monitor,USCOM)监测脓毒症新生儿的心功能变化.方法 使用USCOM测量32例轻度脓毒症新生儿、19例重度脓毒症新生儿及33例健康新生儿(对照组)心功能相关指标,比较3组心功能差异及所有脓毒症新生儿给予改善心功能治疗前后心功能变化的差异.结果 轻度脓毒症组、重度脓毒症组与对照组相比,心率、外周血管阻力高于对照组,心脏指数、心输出量、每搏输出量、主动脉峰流速低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).重度脓毒症组患儿心脏指数、心输出量、每搏输出量低于轻度脓毒症组患儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).所有脓毒症患儿改善心功能治疗后心功能相关指标较治疗前改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 脓毒症新生儿存在早期心功能变化,使用USCOM可快速、简便、动态了解脓毒症新生儿的心功能及整体循环状态,为治疗及评估病情提供依据.     

脓毒性休克患儿血浆生长抑素水平的变化

目的探讨脓毒性休克患儿血浆生长抑素(SST)水平的变化。方法采用竞争性放射免疫分析法检测脓毒性休克患儿(试验组,n=21)休克期(入院当时)、血压和心率恢复正常时及恢复期(临床症状体征消失、血常规及CRP等感染指标恢复正常时,入院6～12d)清晨空腹状态下血浆SST水平,同期门诊健康体检婴幼儿(健康对照组,n=25)清晨空腹血浆SST水平作为对比,比较脓毒性休克并麻痹性肠梗阻与未并麻痹性肠梗阻脓毒性休克患儿血浆SST水平的差异。结果试验组患儿休克期血浆SST水平[(44.60±16.83)ng/L]明显低于健康对照组[(123.15±26.57)ng/L](t=-12.16P<0.001),血压及心率恢复正常时血浆SST水平[(87.64±12.69)ng/L]较休克期上升(t=-9.36P<0.001),但仍低于恢复期[(124.07±27.84)ng/L](t=-5.45P<0.001),恢复期患儿血浆SST水平与健康对照组比较无显著性差异(t=0.11P>0.05)。并麻痹性肠梗阻患儿血浆SST水平[(28.10±7.0)ng/L]显著低于未并麻痹性肠梗阻患儿[(56.98±9.44)ng/L](t=-7.70P<0.001)。结论监测脓毒性休克患儿治疗过程中血浆SST水平变化有助于了解胃肠道灌注情况;血浆SST水平可预示脓毒性休克患儿麻痹性肠梗阻发生,有助于评估患儿病情的严重程度、判断预后。     

应用USCOM及超声多普勒监测正常足月新生儿的左心输出量研究

目的 探讨无创心排量监测系统USCOM在正常新生儿左心输出量测定中的应用.方法 同时采用USCOM技术及超声多普勒监测35例正常新生儿的心输出量(CO)及每博输出量(SV),并将两种方法所测得结果进行比较分析.结果 两种方法测得正常新生儿的心输出量无显著性差异;且两种监测方法具有好的相关性(CO r=0.83,SV r=0.9,P均＜0.01).结论 采用USCOM技术监测新生儿的心输出量具有无创、连续、简便、准确的特点.     

便携式超声心输出量监护仪在肺炎合并心力衰竭患儿心功能状态评价中的意义

目的 研究便携式超声心输出量监护仪（ultrasonic cardiac output monitor,USCOM）在肺炎合并心力衰竭患儿的应用及其临床意义。方法 应用USCOM分别测量14例肺炎合并心力衰竭患儿、32例普通肺炎患儿（对照组）的心功能（左心室）相关指标：包括主动脉峰流速、心率、每搏输出量指数、心指数、射血时间及校正后的射血时间。结果 肺炎合并心力衰竭组心率（174±10）次/min明显快于对照组（133±14）次/min（P＜0.05）;而主动脉峰流速低于对照组[（1.246±0.234） m/s vs （1.449±0.300） m/s] （P ＜0.05）;每搏输出量指数亦低于对照组[（29.357±6.500） ml/m2 vs （40.188 ±5.337） ml/m2]（P＜0.05）;同时校正后的射血时间明显缩短[（342.560 ±8.219） ms vs （354.430±16.500） ms] （P ＜0.05）.结论 USCOM可以准确地测量心输出量,敏感地反映心功能情况,能够对重症肺炎合并心力衰竭患儿进行简单、快捷、准确的评估。     

血乳酸和乳酸清除率评估脓毒性休克患儿预后的临床分析

目的 评价血乳酸及乳酸清除率与脓毒性休克患儿预后的关系.方法 2009年10月至2011年6月我院PICU收治的脓毒性休克患儿42例,所有患儿均按照脓毒性休克诊疗方案进行早期目标指导治疗,测定每例患儿复苏前及复苏后1h、2h、6h血乳酸值,计算复苏后1h、2h、6h的乳酸清除率.按照预后将患儿分为存活组(n=20)和死亡组(n=22),评价早期乳酸值和乳酸清除率与预后的关系.结果 (1)存活组复苏前及复苏后1h、2h、6h的乳酸值明显低于死亡组[(3.92±2.58) mmol/Lvs (6.91 ±4.16) mmol/L,(2.79±1.89) mmol/L vs (7.93±4.39) mmol/L,(2.20±1.83) mmol/L vs(9.20±4.97) mmol/L,(1.32±0.51) mmol/L vs (9.94±5.02) mmol/L],差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)存活组复苏后1h、2h、6h的乳酸清除率明显高于死亡组[(26.31 ±20.82)％ vs(-24.28±53.39)％,(43.46±17.85)％ vs(-34.31±58.98)％,(61.04±16.71)％ vs(-45.33±83.51)％],差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(3)通过受试者工作特征曲线分析,复苏后6h血乳酸值和乳酸清除率的曲线下面积分别为99.4％、96.7％;复苏后6h血乳酸＞2.20 mmol/L及复苏后6h乳酸清除率＜18.65％,患儿病死率高.结论 脓毒性休克患儿动态监测血乳酸具有重要意义,复苏后6h的血乳酸值及乳酸清除率可作为预后判断的指标.     

左卡尼汀对新生儿窒息致心肌损害的疗效

目的 探讨左卡尼汀治疗新生儿窒息致心肌损害的疗效.方法 窒息致心肌损害新生儿91例随机分为左卡尼汀治疗组(治疗组,48例)和常规治疗组(对照组,43例),二组患儿均予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用左卡尼汀针0.1 g/(kg·d)静脉滴注,1次/d,10 d为1个疗程.观察治疗前以及治疗过程中患儿症状体征的变化.在治疗前和治疗1个疗程,抽取患儿静脉血3 mL,分离血清,采用免疫抑制法和酶速率法分别检测其血清CK-MB和AST水平的变化,采用免疫比浊法和溴甲酚绿比色法分别检测血清前清蛋白和清蛋白水平的变化.采用Stata 7.0软件进行t、鳘2检验.结果 治疗组临床有效率(91.67%)明显高于对照组(74.42%)(P<0.05).治疗组心率恢复正常时间[(3.18 ±1.10) d]短于对照组[(4.32±1.43) d](P<0.05);治疗组CK-MB及AST分别为(22.48±4.72) U/L、(42.18±9.27) U/L,均较对照组[(29.06±6.10) U/L、(51.31±11.81) U/L]更接近正常值(Pa<0.05);治疗组前清蛋白[(125.25±30.64) mg/L]较对照组[(110.73±25.46) mg/L]提高更为明显(P<0.05);治疗组清蛋白[(38.58±6.56) g/L]较对照组[(35.79±6.44) g/L]也提高更为明显(P<0.05).结论 左卡尼汀治疗新生儿窒息致心肌损害具有良好疗效.     

Cardiac output in newborn infants with transient myocardial dysfunction

Decreased cardiac output is a common presumption in left ventricular myocardial dysfunction in neonates, but because of a lack of reliable noninvasive techniques, data on cardiac output are missing. We measured cardiac output by pulsed Doppler echocardiography in 22 newborn infants with left ventricular myocardial dysfunction diagnosed by M-mode echocardiography. Eleven neonates had severe perinatal asphyxia, seven had tachypnea, two hypoglycemia, and one septic shock; one had no symptoms. Right ventricular function was abnormal in 13 of the 22 infants. Hypotension was found in eight; cardiac output and stroke volume were low in 20. The abnormalities were more pronounced in infants with asphyxia. Six such infants were given dopamine (4 to 10 micrograms/kg/min). Within 1 hour, arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate increased sharply, with normalization of the myocardial contractility; the other echocardiographic abnormalities normalized over 24 to 48 hours. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography is an advance in the detection and evaluation of therapy for left ventricular myocardial dysfunction in the neonate.     

The haemodynamic effects of dopamine and volume expansion in sick preterm infants

AIM: To determine the haemodynamic effects of dopamine and volume expansion in preterm neonates. Effect parameters were mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), left ventricular output (LVO) and global cerebral blood flow (CBF). METHODS: In a randomised, clinical control trial 36 preterm neonates were randomised to receive either dopamine 5 microg/kg per min, volume expansion with albumin 20% 15 ml/kg or no treatment. Parameters were measured before and 2 h after initiation of treatment. RESULTS: Dopamine was effective in increasing MABP; both treatments increased LVO, whereas no significant difference between the treatment groups and the control group could be demonstrated with regard to CBF. CONCLUSION: No effect on global cerebral blood flow could be demonstrated in this study, despite significant effects on systemic circulatory parameters. However, the variance on the measurement of cerebral blood flow indicates that a small but clinically significant effect may have been overlooked.     

Validation of transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output measurement in a pediatric animal model.

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to validate the transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output measurement (CO(TPTD)) in a controlled newborn animal model under various hemodynamic conditions with special emphasis on low cardiac output. DESIGN: Prospective, experimental, pediatric animal study. SETTING: Animal laboratory of a university hospital. SUBJECTS: Twelve lambs. INTERVENTIONS: We studied 12 lambs under various hemodynamic conditions. Cardiac output was measured using the transpulmonary thermodilution technique with central venous injections of ice-cold saline. An ultrasound transit time perivascular flow probe around the main pulmonary artery served as the standard reference measurement (CO(UFP)). During the experiment, animals were resuscitated from hemodynamic shock using fluid boluses. Cardiac output measurements were performed throughout the experiment. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The correlation coefficient between CO(TPTD) and CO(UFP)was .97 (95% confidence interval .94-.98, p < .0001). Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean bias of 0.19 L/min with limits of agreement of -0.04 and 0.43 L/min (12.0% and +/-14.7%, respectively). The correlation coefficient between changes in CO(TPTD) and CO(UFP) during volume loading was .95 (95% confidence interval .91-.96, p < .0001). There was a significant correlation between changes in global end-diastolic volume and changes in stroke volume (r = .59) but not between changes in central venous pressure and changes in stroke volume (r = .03). CONCLUSIONS: The transpulmonary thermodilution technique is a reliable method of measuring cardiac output in newborn animals. It is also capable of tracking changes in cardiac output.     

Hemodynamic effects of dobutamine in asphyxiated newborn infants

The hemodynamic effects of dobutamine were studied by non invasive techniques in 6 full term neonates with severe perinatal asphyxia. At 10 micrograms/kg/min, dobutamine significantly increased the cardiac output, the heart rate and the aortic blood flow velocity. The mean arterial pressure increased but not significantly and the stroke volume remained unchanged. These changes seem to be dose dependent. The increase of cardiac output may be due to a chronotropic and inotropic effect of dobutamine. Dobutamine seems to be an effective agent for the treatment of low cardiac output in asphyxiated neonates.     

卡维地洛治疗原发性心内膜弹力纤维增生症的研究

目的 观察原发性心内膜弹力纤维增生症(endocardial fibroelastosis,EFE)患儿血浆脑利钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)变化及卡维地洛的临床疗效,探讨治疗剂量、方案及安全性.方法 21例原发性EFE患儿分为2组,常规治疗组(n=10)及卡维地洛治疗组(n=11),治疗前及治疗后6个月进行多普勒超声心动图检测、观察血浆BNP;观察2组治疗前后血浆BNP水平、临床症状、心胸比例、心率的变化、心功能的改善、患儿对卡维地洛的耐受量及不良反应.结果 原发性EFE患儿血浆BNP水平[(865±702)ng/L]明显高于正常对照组[(154±78)ng/L](P＜0.01),且心功能越差升高越明显,心功能Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级分别为(286±125)ng/L、(437±386)ng/L、(1673-s-859)ng/L;卡维地洛治疗后血浆BNP水平[(219±87)ng/L]低于常规组[(403±216)ng/L](P＜0.05),临床症状明显改善,患儿心胸比例降低,心率减慢,射血分数(EF)、短轴缩短率、平均左室周径缩短率显著提高(P＜0.01),左室收缩末期内径(P＜0.05)、左室质量、室间隔收缩末厚度明显降低(P＜0.01).结论 原发性EFE患儿血浆BNP水平显著升高,与EF呈负相关;卡维地洛可以降低血浆BNP水平,明显抑制EFE患儿心室重塑,改善患儿的心功能;心功能Ⅱ～Ⅳ级原发性EFE患儿卡维地洛长期治疗安全有效.     

Effects of Intravenous Nitroglycerin on Hemodynamics in Neonates with Refractory Congestive Heart Failure of PFC

(1) Continuous intravenous infusion (2–10 μ/kg/min) of nitroglycerin (TNG) was administered to 20 neonates consisting of 17 with refractory congestive heart failure and 3 with PFC (Persistent Fetal Circulation). (2) AT doses of 2–4 μ/kg/min, there were no significant changes in heart rate or systemic blood pressue. (3) At doses of 2–4 μ/kg/min, the CVP was significantly reduced and urnary output increased. (4) Echocardiograms revealed a significant decrease in LVS at 4 – 5 μ/kg/min. In addition, the EF and cardiac output were significantly increased at 2 – 5 μ/kg/min. (5) The right ventricle systolic time interval (STI) was reduced significantly at 2 μ/kg/min. The left ventricle STI was not reduced below doses of 4 μ/kg/min. (6) In the dose range 2 – 5 μ/kg/min, TNG is an effective and safe vasodilator in the treatment of refractory congestive heart failure or PFC in neonates.     

Thoracic electric bioimpedance measurement of cardiac output in the newborn infant

To evaluate thoracic electric bioimpedance as a noninvasive method for measuring cardiac output, we compared the bioimpedance measurements with those obtained by means of the thermodilution indicator cardiac output technique in seven preterm and term lambs; we also studied 17 term and preterm infants. Sixty-seven simultaneous bioimpedance and thermodilution cardiac output measurements were obtained in the animals after intravascular volume expansion (saline solution infusion) and contraction (phlebotomy). A significant correlation between the cardiac output measurements by the two methods (0.82; p less than 0.001) was observed. In neonates, the observed cardiac output was 198 +/- 46 ml/kg.min in the preterm infants and 178 +/- 46 ml/kg.min in the term infants. Extrapolating animal data to the neonates, we found the thoracic segment length recommended (the average of 29% of body length and electrode distance) to be accurate. These data indicate that bioimpedance cardiac output measurement (1) is comparable to measurement by the thermodilution indicator technique in the newborn animal and (2) may be suitable for use in infants and children.     

Changes in ventricular and muscle volumes of neonates

Abstract Background : To examine the changes in cardiac ventricular and muscle volumes in neonates, echocardiography was performed in 25 normal neonates at 3–5 and 30–35 days after birth.
Methods : A standard apical four chamber view and a parasternal short axis view were used for the analysis of the left ventricle. For the analysis of the right ventricle, only an apical four-chamber view was used. A formula based on the area length method was used to calculate the left ventricular and muscle volumes and the single plane Simpson's rule was used for the right ventricular and muscle volumes.
Results : The left ventricular and muscle volumes per body surface did not change during the month following birth. The ratio of the muscle to ventricular volume of the left ventricle was also unchanged. However, the ratios of the right muscle volume to body surface and to the ventricular volume decreased after one month.
Conclusions : The authors suggest that the decreases in pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular stroke volume play a role in the changes of right muscle volume.     

Intrathoracic pressure regulation improves 24-hour survival in a pediatric porcine model of hemorrhagic shock

Hemorrhagic shock is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in the pediatric population. Intrathoracic pressure regulation (IPR) lowers intrathoracic pressure, thereby decreasing intracranial pressure and increasing venous return, cardiac output, and cerebral perfusion without the need for immediate fluid resuscitation. We hypothesized that IPR would improve hemodynamics and 24-h survival in a pediatric porcine model of hemorrhagic shock. Twenty piglets were subjected to a 50% total blood volume hemorrhage over 15 min and then randomized to treatment with either IPR or no treatment. After 60 min, survivors were autotransfused, weaned from the ventilator, and assessed and autopsied at 24 h. Mean arterial pressures (MAPs), cardiac index (CI), and arterial blood gases were recorded. MAP (mm Hg) was significantly higher in the IPR group (60.8 ± 3.7) versus controls (41.2 ± 4.6, p < 0.01). Mean CI (L/min/m2) was significantly higher with IPR (3.9 ± 0.24) versus controls (2.5 ± 0.39, p < 0.01). IPR survival rates were significantly improved with IPR [9/9 (IPR) versus 5/11 (controls); p < 0.02]. In this piglet model of hemorrhagic shock, IPR treatment safely and significantly improved MAP, CI, and 24-h survival rates.