201名暗娼艾滋病知识及性行为特征分析

目的：了解暗娼艾滋病病毒HIV感染情况及艾滋病知识、态度、信念、行为特征，为制定预防策略提供依据。方法：对201名暗娼采取匿名调查方法进行问卷调查和HIV抗体检测。结果：调查对象HIV抗体检测均为阴性，年龄最小为14岁，初中文化占50．7％；首次性交和卖淫平均年龄分别为18．3岁和18．9岁，21．4％卖淫时从不使用安全套，18．9％既卖淫又吸毒；72．1％听说过艾滋病，但艾滋病相关知识十分缺乏。结论：暗娼艾滋病相关危险行为发生率高，应加强宣传教育和安全套的推广使用，以减少HIV经性传播。     

云南省德宏州外籍暗娼艾滋病感染及其影响因素

目的了解云南省德宏州外籍暗娼艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染及相关因素状况。方法运用普查方法,对德宏州3个边境县（市）全部暗娼活动场所的外籍暗娼进行调查。匿名问卷调查收集社会人口学、艾滋病防治服务及高危行为等信息,并抽取5毫升静脉血进行HIV抗体血清学检测。结果共有238名外籍暗娼接受调查,HIV感染率为4.2％。34.5％最近1个月与客人发生性行为时未坚持使用安全套。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,23～26岁感染HIV风险是≤22岁的10.8倍,最近1次与客人发生性行为时未使用安全套者感染HIV风险是使用者的7.8倍;未使用安全套的危险因素有艾滋病知识不知晓[比值比（OR）=4.4,95％可信区间（CD：1.9～10.2],年龄〉26岁（OR=2.4,95％CI：1.0～5.7）,以及在当地工作≥6个月（OR=2.8,95％CI：l.6～5.1）。结论德宏州外籍暗娼HIV感染率高,安全套坚持使用率不高,迫切需要加大艾滋病预防干预覆盖面及干预力度。     

来宾市945名低档暗娼艾滋病感染状况及影响因素调查分析

目的分析广西来宾市945名低档暗娼的艾滋病感染状况及其影响因素,为制定干预措施提供决策依据。方法对来宾市辖区的945名低档暗娼进行问卷调查,收集调查对象的社会人口学资料、艾滋病知识知晓率、性行为等基本信息,采集调查对象的血样,检测HIV抗体。结果来宾市低档暗娼平均年龄(38.2±7.6)岁,以小学及小学以下文化为主(89.2%);最近一次性行为安全套使用率为93.2%,最近1个月性行为时坚持使用安全套比例为88.4%;HIV抗体阳性检出率为2.6%;多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,最近1个月使用安全套频率是HIV感染的保护因素。结论来宾市低档暗娼年龄偏大,文化程度低,与客人发生商业性行为时坚持使用安全套频率不高,艾滋病危害意识淡薄,应加强对低档暗娼人群进行艾滋病宣传教育,提高其安全意识。     

2011─2013年新疆巴州暗娼人群HIV哨点监测分析

目的分析新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州（巴州）暗娼人群艾滋病相关行为的变化特征及艾滋病防治知识的知晓情况,为开展综合干预工作提供依据。方法按《国家艾滋病哨点监测方案》的要求,对2011─2013年巴州暗娼人群进行问卷和血清学调查。结果巴州暗娼人群艾滋病知晓率为88.93%,不同年龄段暗娼人群艾滋病知识知晓率,随年龄增加而上升;最近一次商业性性行为安全套使用率为69.36%,最近一个月商业性性行为每次坚持使用安全套率58.16%,安全套的使用率随知晓率的上升而增加;最近一年接受艾滋病干预措施覆盖率为59.41%,HIV抗体阳性率0.42%,梅毒抗体阳性率4.66%,HCV抗体阳性率0.79%。结论新疆巴州暗娼人群安全套使用率、艾滋病知识知晓率较低,要进一步加强对该人群的行为干预,降低发病率。     

新疆伊宁市暗娼人群艾滋病哨点监测分析

目的了解新疆伊宁市暗娼人群艾滋病流行现状和相关危险因素,为制定综合防控措施提供参考依据。方法采用分层随机抽样法,抽取伊宁市从事商业性性交易的女性作为调查对象,每年不少于400人;使用国家哨点监测统一问卷调查艾滋病相关知识知晓情况,并检测HIV、梅毒和HCV抗体。结果 2009─2014年共监测暗娼2 400人,年龄最小13岁、最大55岁,平均年龄(25.4±7.4)岁;未婚占63.1%、新疆户籍占63.8%、汉族占74.1%、初中文化占53.7%;艾滋病防治知识总体知晓率为98.6%,最近一次发生商业性性行为时安全套总体使用率为99.3%,最近一个月发生商业性性行为时安全套每次使用率98.0%;检测HIV、梅毒和HCV抗体,阳性率分别为0.6%、2.2%和1.0%。结论伊宁市暗娼人群艾滋病相关知识知晓率及安全套使用率呈下降趋势,应调整对娱乐场所暗娼人群的干预模式,加强行为干预、规范性病诊疗工作,降低艾滋病发病率。     

2009-2011年上海市金山区暗娼哨点监测分析

目的了解金山区暗娼艾滋病性病流行状况及相关危险因素,为评估艾滋病性病防治工作及制定暗娼人群干预策略提供科学根据。方法采用问卷调查,现场收集金山区哨点监测对象的相关行为信息,并采集血液标本进行艾滋病病毒(HIV)、梅毒抗体检测。结果 2009-2011年,金山区暗娼艾滋病防治知识知晓率分别为82.0%、97.3%、86.3%,不同年龄段的暗娼对艾滋病知识知晓程度差异有统计学意义(χ2=47.35,P<0.01),且20～40岁年龄段艾滋病知识知晓率高于<20岁和>40岁年龄段。暗娼最近一次安全套使用率分别为56.9%、79.0%、87.3%,最近一次安全套使用率呈逐年上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ2=108.83,P<0.01)。暗娼对艾滋病防治知识知晓率不同与最近一次安全套使用率差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.04,P<0.01),安全套使用率随知晓率上升而上升。HIV抗体阳性率均为0,梅毒抗体阳性率分别为2.3%、3.8%、2.5%。结论通过采取综合性防治措施,暗娼艾滋病知识知晓率和商业性行为坚持使用安全套的比例在逐步上升。虽然HIV处于低流行态势,但存在性病流行,因此疫情存在上升风险,需不断开展干预和综合防治工作。     

2015-2019年陇南市武都区暗娼人群艾滋病哨点监测分析

目的分析甘肃省陇南市武都区暗娼人群艾滋病哨点监测结果,为落实全市艾滋病综合防控措施提供科学依据。方法按照《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案》的要求,2015—2019年4—6月开展艾滋病哨点监测,检测血清HIV抗体、梅毒抗体和丙型肝炎抗体,了解艾滋病防治知识知晓率;每年监测暗娼400人,5年共监测2 000人。结果艾滋病知识知晓率为89.00%,最近一次商业性行为安全套使用率为91.05%、最近一月性行为安全套使用率为56.15%,检出HIV抗体阳性2人、阳性率0.10%,梅毒6人、阳性率0.30%,丙型肝炎1人、阳性率0.05%。结论武都区暗娼人群隐匿、流动性大,尤其是低档场所暗娼难以接触,艾滋病知识知晓率和安全套坚持使用率较低,HIV抗体阳性检出率高;应扩大低档场所暗娼人群艾滋病和性病干预覆盖面,提高安全套使用率。     

昌平区2005-2010年暗娼人群艾滋病哨点监测结果分析

目的了解昌平区暗娼人群中艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染状况、行为特征及其变化趋势。方法采用分层抽样的方法,随机抽取调查对象进行流行病学调查。结果 2005-2010年共调查547名暗娼,未检出HIV抗体阳性者。暗娼的文化程度有逐年增高趋势(χ2=29.600,P=0.000),2006-2010年暗娼关于艾滋病知识的知晓率有缓慢增高趋势,暗娼最近一次商业性行为中安全套使用率与干预覆盖率呈正相关关系(r=0.829,P=0.042)。结论加强对暗娼的艾滋病知识宣传及危险行为干预,提高安全套使用率,遏制艾滋病进一步蔓延。     

衢州市柯城区2009-2013年暗娼人群艾滋病哨点监测结果及影响因素分析

目的了解衢州市柯城区2009-2013年不同档次暗娼的艾滋病知识和行为变化特征,以及艾滋病病毒(HIV)和梅毒感染的情况,为开展暗娼人群艾滋病行为干预工作提供依据。方法依据《全国艾滋病哨点监测方案》,于2009-2013年通过分层抽样方法抽取暗娼人群进行监测,资料采用SPSS 13.0统计分析。结果 5年间共调查暗娼1860名,暗娼艾滋病知识知晓率从2009年的70.47%上升到2013年的93.84%;安全套使用率从2009年的57.48%上升到2013年的94.50%。最近一个月安全套使用影响因素的分析显示,居住时间短、低档次、低学历、高年龄的暗娼安全套使用率最低。5年间暗娼人群均未发现HIV抗体阳性者,但梅毒检出率从2009年的1.57%上升到2013年的6.16%。其中主要是中低档次暗娼梅毒检出率上升。结论暗娼的艾滋病知识水平和安全套使用意识有了明显提高,但中低档次暗娼仍存在安全套使用率低、梅毒感染率高的现象,提示应以低档和中档暗娼人群为重点,加强和改进艾滋病行为干预工作,不断提高干预效果。     

2012年新疆吐鲁番地区艾滋病哨点监测结果分析

目的了解新疆吐鲁番地区重点人群的行为特征和艾滋病病毒(HIV)的感染状况,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法根据《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案》的要求,对暗娼、吸毒人群及孕妇开展问卷调查,并采集血清检测HIV、梅毒、HCV抗体。结果暗娼、吸毒人群、孕妇的艾滋病相关知识知晓率分别为81.29%、76.17%、75.19%;静脉吸毒人群中与他人共用针具的百分比为31.01%,最近一个月、最近一次性行为使用安全套的百分比为35.25%;暗娼最近一次与客人发生性行为时使用安全套的百分比为82.23%,最近一个月与客人发生性行为时每次均使用安全套的百分比为77.38%;暗娼、吸毒人群、孕妇中HIV抗体阳性率依次为1.35%、5.60%、0.74%,梅毒阳性率依次为6.33%、4.69%、2.23%,HCV抗体阳性率依次为1.21%、20.76%、0.25%。结论吐鲁番地区重点人群中HIV感染率较高,疫情形势严峻,应进一步加强艾滋病的防控工作。     

卖淫妇女性行为特征调查

目的了解卖淫妇女的性行为特征,为实施性病/艾滋病的综合监测和有效的干预策略提供必要的信息.方法对济南市某收容所174例卖淫妇女,采用匿名调查方法进行问卷调查,内容包括一般情况、卖淫场所、首次性交及开始卖淫年龄,卖淫的年限,接待嫖客的频数,安全套的使用情况及吸毒史.结果调查人群中年龄最小15岁,主要在美容美发店、餐饮业及宾馆等服务场所从事卖淫活动,首次性交和开始卖淫年龄在15岁以下者分别占16.1%和14.4%,最长卖淫年限达23年,每月接待嫖客数可多达40个.每次性交均使用安全套者仅占5.6%,从未使用安全套者占13.0%.有吸毒史者占5.2%.结论卖淫人群存在不安全性行为和吸毒等高危行为,应加强对该人群的健康教育和健康促进策略,以减少艾滋病经性途径传播.     

739名暗娼STD/AIDS危险行为监测分析

目的掌握曲靖市暗娼的性传播疾病/艾滋病(STD/AIDS)危险行为特征和影响因素。方法绘制娱乐场所分布图,采用三阶段随机抽样法抽取调查对象,进行一对一匿名调查。结果调查739名暗娼,平均年龄23.66岁,AIDS知识平均知晓率为57.36%。首次性行为年龄18.51岁,每周平均客人数3.19人。最近一次与客人使用安全套的占53.86%,与客人每次都用安全套的占10.42%。39.64%的人在半年内有过生殖器的异常,27.30%的人到正规医院就诊,44.71%的人自己买药,22.53%的人到私立诊所就医。自愿做过艾滋病病毒(HIV)检查的占2.84%,认为自己有感染HIV可能性的有9.47%,HIV感染率为1.23%。结论暗娼对AIDS知识认识少,且未充分认识AIDS的危害。暗娼感染和传播HIV的危险行为有多性伴,性交频次多,首次性交年龄较小,无保护性行为多,性病患病率高,吸毒兼卖淫。     

Sexual Risk Behaviors in Late Middle Age and Older HIV Seropositive Adults

Little is known about the sexual behaviors of older adults, although the prevalence of HIV/AIDS is rapidly increasing in this population. As part of a larger multi-site study examining secondary HIV prevention, we recruited from an HIV primary care clinic 210 sexually active HIV positive individuals aged 45 and over (125 men, 85 women) who had engaged in vaginal or anal sex within the past six months. Twenty percent of the participants reported inconsistent use of condoms and 33% had multiple sexual partners during the previous six months. Negative mood and perceived HIV stigma were associated with inconsistent condom use. In addition, multiple sex partners and higher level of education were related to inconsistent condom use during sex with partners of negative or unknown serostatus. These findings indicate that contrary to current beliefs, sexually active older adults, similar to younger ones, may be engaging in high risk transmission behaviors.     

AIDS knowledge, perception of risk, and behaviors among female sex partners of injection drug users.

Interviews were conducted with 137 female sex partners of male injection drug users to provide quantitative and qualitative information regarding their AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and specific risk behaviors. Levels of knowledge regarding HIV transmission and prevention were high, with an average of 81.8% correct on a 16-item test. Most women (87.5%) believed that there was at least some chance they would become HIV infected. Substance abuse was prevalent; 67.2% used non-injection drugs (44.5% used crack cocaine), and 32.1% reported prior use of injection drugs. One fifth had engaged in prostitution. Although AIDS knowledge was high, almost all (94.9%) reported engaging in unprotected vaginal intercourse during the previous 6 months, and 6.6% reported anal intercourse without a condom. Among women who did not report consistent condom use, the most frequently stated reasons for non-use of condoms were dislike by their male partner (26.9%) and/or personal dislike of condoms (23.1%). A disturbing pattern of increased risk was observed among black interviewees, who were more likely than Latinas or whites to have contracted syphilis, have multiple sex partners, engage in prostitution, use crack cocaine, and drink alcohol daily.     

山东省男性同性恋者综合行为监测情况分析

目的了解山东省男性同性恋行为特征及性病艾滋病感染状况,为实施有效的干预措施和防治对策提供信息和依据。方法对同性恋活动场所的157名男性同性恋者进行匿名问卷调查,并采集血标本。结果共调查男性同性恋者157人,以青壮年为主,平均年龄26岁,文化程度较高。艾滋病病毒(HIV)及梅毒阳性率均为4.5%。这部分人群艾滋病知识总知晓率较高,但采取高危险性行为的比例也非常高,最近6个月在肛交时坚持使用安全套的比例仅为29.9%。结论山东省男性同性恋人群中已经有较高的HIV感染率,并且艾滋病相关的高危行为普遍存在,必须对此类高危人群采取有效干预措施,同时加强中学生的性健康教育也迫在眉捷。     

艾滋病自愿咨询检测人群的特征及HIV感染率分析

目的了解艾滋病自愿咨询检测（VCT）人群的特征和艾滋病病毒（HIV）的感染情况。方法对2008-2011年浦东新区VCT人群进行HIV检测和人群特征分析,并对部分VCT求询者进行艾滋病相关知识和心理测试。结果 2008-2011年,VCT人群HIV感染率分别为1.52%、2.33%、3.92%、4.25%,感染途径以性接触为主。其中男男同性行为占51.11%,非婚异性性行为占31.11%,婚内性行为占8.89%;异性性行为与男男同性性行为之间感染率的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。VCT求询者平均年龄为（29.69±7.52）岁,20～45岁的青壮年占94.80%;92.84%因非婚性接触（同性及异性）来咨询检测;男男同性性行为与非婚异性性行为之间的完全用套率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,大专及以上、高中（含中专）和初中及以下3组不同文化程度的非婚异性性接触者,完全用套率的差异也有统计学意义（均P〈0.05）。抽查人群的艾滋病知识水平、自我效能感相对较高。结论 VCT是发现HIV感染者和开展干预的重要窗口,应针对不同人群进一步完善健康教育和行为干预。     

Sociodemographic characteristics and HIV risk behaviour patterns of male sex workers in Madrid, Spain

This paper describes the sociodemographic and work characteristics, prevalence of HIV infection and associated risk behaviours among male sex workers (MSWs) in Madrid (Spain). Using an anonymous semi-structured questionnaire, educators attached to a mobile unit under a street-based prostitution programme surveyed 84 MSWs from several Madrid areas. Of the total surveyed: 35% were immigrants, mean age was 23 years, mean period in prostitution was four years; 21% had no primary education; 16% had injected drugs at some time; 11% reported private sexual relationships exclusively with women; 89% always used condoms in anal practices with clients; and 41% were in sexual relationships with their partners. Only 11% had ever used fortified condoms. In the preceding month, 37% had experienced condom failure, 82% without having used any lubricant. In all, 67% reported having undergone HIV testing, with a higher percentage of positive results among injecting (60%) versus non-injecting drug users (17%). Immigrants had a lower level of education, made less use of condoms, had more condom failures and, in their private lives, a greater proportion reported sexual relationships exclusively with women. In Spain, MSWs should be included in HIV prevention programmes, which ought to be specifically adapted to immigrants. Priority should be given to reducing the condom failure rate in anal intercourse, by improving access to fortified condoms.     

Are African American women worried about getting AIDS? A qualitative analysis.

The aims of this study were to explore and describe AIDS-related worry among African American women and determine whether AIDS risk behaviors were associated with women's AIDS-related worry status. Of 142 women interviewed, 36% (n = 51) expressed some worry about getting AIDS, compared to 64% (n = 91) who did not express worry. In general, both worried and nonworried women were equally likely to report risk behaviors such as no condom use or having risky sexual partners and no significant relationships were found between worry status and self-reported HIV/AIDS risk behaviors. Women gave several reasons for why they did or did not feel worried about getting AIDS. For example, 23% of worried women responded that they were worried about getting AIDS because of the uncertainty of their sex partners' risk behaviors. This contrasted strongly with the nonworried women, 10% of whom reported trusting their partners and 64% of whom reported engaging in some type of protective behavior. Results indicate that regardless of worry status, women were not protecting themselves by using condoms or using careful partner selection. Therefore we recommend that future HIV/AIDS educational intervention programs appeal to and encourage participation for all women whether or not they express concern about contracting the disease. In addition, programs must carefully address the issue of denial, and provide skills for assessing and modifying risky behaviors.     

泸州市老年人艾滋病相关知识态度和行为调查

目的 了解泸州市老年人(年龄≥50岁)艾滋病相关知识、态度和行为,为针对性地开展老年人艾滋病教育工作提供依据.方法 采用多阶段抽样的方法,于2019年10月至2020年1月对泸州市≥50岁老年人进行面对面问卷调查.结果 在纳入研究的老年入中,艾滋病知识总知晓率为30.9％(209/676),年龄、居住地、人均月收入、参...     

Sexual risk behaviors and HIV/AIDS awareness among males in a rural community in Goa

To study the heterosexual risk behaviors and to study the level of HIV/ AIDS awareness among males in a rural community in Goa. Survey was cross-sectional and community based. A sample of 300 males aged 15-49 years selected by stratified random sampling. An "UNAIDS protocol for measurement of HIV/STD prevention indicators" was used. SPSS software package was used for statistical analysis. One hundred and ninety eight (66%) males reported ever having sexual intercourse, of these 17% were single. Fifty three (17.7%) males reported intercourse with a non-regular partner in the past 12 months, of these 90.6% had intercourse with strangers, 92.5% had paid for sex and only 43.4% had used a condom for the last sexual encounter with a non-regular partner. Less educated males (<10th class), single and those employed have higher sexual indulgence with non-regular sexual partners. The level of knowledge about HIV/ AIDS was very high in all areas of causation and prevention. Although the awareness about sexual risk behavior was high, condom use was very low resulting in high risk behavior related to HIV/ AIDS and STDs among males. The study highlights the need for more effective behaviour change communication (BCC) strategies in the community as well as innovative methods like village level peer education.