匀浆膳在重症卧床患者营养支持中的应用

目的比较营养液与自制匀浆膳在重症卧床患者中营养支持的效果。方法采取回顾性研究的方法,方便选取北京市平谷区医院住院行肠内营养支持的重症患者100例,其中匀浆膳组50例,营养液组50例,比较两组患者入院14 d的营养支持效果。结果入院时匀浆膳组患者的血红蛋白、血清总蛋白、血清白蛋白分别为(118.80±27.50)、(59.27±7.64)、(33.26±6.16)g/L,与营养液组相比,差异无统计学意义;入院14 d时,两组患者的三项营养指标均有所下降,其中血红蛋白的组内差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而总蛋白与白蛋白的组内差异均无统计学意义;两组患者入院14 d时在血红蛋白、血清总蛋白、血清白蛋白方面的差异均无统计学意义;两组患者入院14 d时,以大便正常及便秘的天数较多,腹泻的发生天数较少,经Hotelling T2检验显示,两组患者排便情况之间的差异无统计学意义。结论医院自制匀浆膳可能与商家生产的肠内营养混悬液的营养价值相当,自制匀浆膳还具有操作简单、价格低廉、可随意调整配方等优点,为重症卧床患者的肠内营养支持治疗又提供了一种选择。     

自制复合全营养膳对重症病人肠内营养支持的临床应用

目的:总结自制复合全营养膳对411例重症病人的肠内营养支持的临床应用情况. 方法:观察复合全营养膳对胸科术后和脑卒中病人的肠内营养支持效果和管饲肠内营养支持对胃肠并发症的影响,并对长期应用该制剂病人的血清三酰甘油(TG)、胆固醇(CH)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Cr)进行测定. 结果: ①复合全营养膳与常规肠外营养支持和常用商品肠内营养制剂相比较,实验组与对照组间的体重、血清总蛋白(TP)、血清清蛋白(Alb)、血红蛋白(Hb)、肱三头肌皮皱厚度(TSF)、臂肌围 (AMC)均无显著差异,都维持在较好水平.实验组营养治疗费用明显低于对照组; ②18例长期管饲肠内营养支持病人血清TG、CH、TP、Alb、K 、Na 以及有关肝、肾功能生化指标测定均无明显异常改变; ③246例管饲营养支持病人中,胃肠并发症发生率与腹泻发生率分别为21.1%和6.9%. 结论:自制复合全营养膳对重症病人肠内营养支持具有胃肠道并发症发生率低、长期应用对机体物质代谢、肝肾功能无明显影响以及营养治疗费用低等特点,效果理想.     

自制匀浆膳对老年昏迷病人营养支持的疗效观察

目的: 观察自制匀浆膳食对老年昏迷病人营养支持的疗效. 方法: 选择63例老年昏迷病人,以自制匀浆膳食进行营养支持治疗并随访.定期检测血清清蛋白、前清蛋白、淋巴细胞总数、血红蛋白和肱三头肌皮皱厚度等,比较治疗前、后各项指标的差异. 结果: 平均随访1年3个月,所有病人无腹痛、腹泻、恶心和呕吐等不良反应.应用自制匀浆膳食后,病人的营养状况明显改善,血清清蛋白、血红蛋白、淋巴细胞总数较治疗前均有明显提高. 结论: 匀浆膳食是老年昏迷病人营养支持的一种较理想的制剂,可有效保证病人的营养需求.     

黄芪肠内营养对2型糖尿病合并缺血性卒中病人营养代谢的影响

目的:研究黄芪肠内营养对2型糖尿病合并缺血性卒中病人营养代谢的影响. 方法:将64例病人随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组32例.治疗组为黄芪水煎液(相当于生药60 g)加改良匀浆膳,对照组为改良匀浆膳,两组给予105 kJ/(kg·d)的营养支持,等氮、等热量供给,共30 d.两组肠内营养支持前后分别检测空腹血糖及餐后2 h血糖、血清胰岛素、血脂、清蛋白、转铁蛋白、血红蛋白、氮平衡等营养代谢指标. 结果:治疗组肠内营养支持后胰岛素抵抗改善,空腹及餐后血糖降低,与对照组比较差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).治疗组经营养支持后,负氮平衡转为正氮平衡,血清清蛋白升高,与对照组比较差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05). 结论:黄芪肠内营养支持可明显改善2型糖尿病合并缺血性卒中病人胰岛素抵抗、血糖及蛋白质营养代谢.     

食管癌术后早期鼻-空肠鼻饲匀浆膳对比研究

目的 探讨食管癌术后早期自制匀浆膳肠内营养的可行性、安全性及临床效果.方法 食管癌病人216例随机分为两组,研究组术后肠内营养我科自制匀浆膳,对照组为病人家属自制流食,分别于术前和术后第十日进行人体测量、实验室检查和临床观察. 结果 研究组体重、三头肌皮褶厚度、血清白蛋白、血红蛋白较对照组显著提高(P＜0.01).肛门排气、下床活动时间明显提前(P＜0.01),并发症明显降低(P＜0.01).研究组胃肠道不良反应发生较少(15.7%). 结论 食管癌术后早期鼻饲自制匀浆膳能促进胃肠功能恢复、改善营养状况、降低并发症、安全、价廉,在基层医院具有推广应用价值.     

匀浆膳在重症卧床患者营养支持中的效果分析

目的:探讨匀浆膳在重症卧床患者营养支持中的应用效果.方法:随机抽取2016年10月-2017年10月本院收治的行肠内营养支持的重症卧床患者82例.按照随机均等原则分为研究组(匀浆膳,n=41)与对照组(营养液,n=41).对比两组治疗效果及安全性.结果:治疗2周后,研究组淋巴细胞总数、总蛋白均高于对照组(P<0.05),但两组血红蛋白、白蛋白无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗2个月后,研究组血红蛋白、淋巴细胞总数、总蛋白、白蛋白水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);两组并发症无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:重症卧床患者营养支持中匀浆膳的应用效果更为理想.     

老年病人长期应用成品匀浆膳的营养评价

目的：观察长期管喂成品匀浆膳对高龄病人营养支持的效果。方法：应用自制的成品匀浆膳行营养，观察营养支持前及支持后4，8和12个月病人营养指标的变化。结果：营养支持12个月后血清白蛋白（Ab)，磷（P）和外周血淋巴细胞计数等有显著增高。血糖自4个月起减低，与支持前比较差异显著。结论：成品匀浆膳长期应用有助于维持老年病人自身的营养状态。     

短肽型肠内营养制剂适用于老年脑卒中病人的营养支持

目的:评价短肽型肠内营养(EN)制剂对老年脑卒中病人营养支持治疗的疗效. 方法:将60例出现吞咽障碍需营养支持治疗的老年脑卒中病人,随机分为试验组(n =30,入院48 h内鼻饲给予短肽型EN制剂)和对照组(n=30,入院48 h内鼻饲给予匀浆膳).观察两组病人营养支持前后营养指标和不良反应的发生情况.结果:经过30 d的营养支持,试验组病人较对照组能更好地维持前清蛋白、清蛋白和血红蛋白水平;对照组病人前清蛋白、清蛋白和血红蛋白水平比入院时有显著降低(P＜0.01).试验组病人不良反应(腹胀、腹泻、呕吐、胃潴留、误吸和吸入性肺炎)的发生率(36.67％)显著低于对照组(56.67％),差异有显著性统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论:短肽型EN制剂对老年脑卒中病人营养支持治疗的疗效和安全性均优于匀浆膳.     

胰十二指肠切除术后不同营养支持方式的疗效比较

目的:比较胰十二指肠切除术(PD)后病人肠内营养(EN)和肠外营养(PN)支持的临床疗效.方法:将71例在我院接受PD的病人随机分为EN组(n=36)和PN组(n=35).比较两组病人手术前后血肝功能相关指标、营养指标以及术后并发症的发生率、肛门排气时间、住院时间和营养支持费用的差异. 结果:两组病人术后血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBil)、直接胆红素(DBil)等均较术前明显降低(P＜0.05),术后第12天降低更加明显(P＜0.01).而在术后第8和12天,EN组病人ALT、AST、TBil、DBil较PN组明显降低(P＜0.05),总蛋白(TP)、清蛋白(ALB)、前清蛋白(PA)均升高(P＜0.05);术后第12天EN组的血淋巴细胞计数(LY)明显高于PN组(P＜0.05).EN组病人较PN组术后平均住院时间缩短、肛门排气时间早、并发症发生率低、营养支持费用少(P＜0.05). 结论:PD术后EN支持能明显改善病人的营养状态,促进术后恢复,降低住院费用.     

高脂肪低糖肠内营养对呼吸科危重症病人营养状况和呼吸功能的影响

目的:观察呼吸科危重症病人进行高脂肪低糖类肠内营养(EN)治疗后,营养状况和呼吸功能指标的变化。方法:选择呼吸科危重症病人120例,随机分为营养组(60例)和对照组(60例)。两组病人均接受相同的抗感染和对症治疗,营养组采用高脂肪低糖EN液(瑞能),对照组采用普通匀浆膳。分别于营养治疗前1 d和治疗后第14天测定血p H值、二氧化碳分压(Pa CO2)、氧分压(Pa O2)、呼吸商(RQ)、每分钟通气量(VE)、二氧化碳生成量(VCO2)、氧耗量(VO2)、氧合指数(Pa O2/Fi O2)以及血清总蛋白(TP)、清蛋白(ALB)、血红蛋白(Hb)、氮平衡(NB)等指标。结果:治疗第14天后,营养组病人的RQ、VCO2、VO2Pa CO2、Pa O2、Pa O2/Fi O2均较对照组显著改善(P0.05);营养组TP、ALB、NB均明显优于对照组(P0.05)。两组病人治疗后各项指标均较治疗前有明显的改善(P0.05)。结论:呼吸科危重症病人应用高脂肪低糖EN支持可显著改善营养状况和呼吸功能。     

肉苁蓉匀浆膳配方和加工工艺的研究

目的:制备适用于危重症并发吞咽功能障碍而胃肠功能良好病人的肉苁蓉匀浆膳. 方法:参照中国居民膳食指南、平衡膳食宝塔、各类食材营养素含量并结合危重症急性期病理生理特点和本地区国人饮食习惯,将肉苁蓉与匀浆膳合理搭配,确定各种食材配比,加工工艺及质量标准. 结果:制备成功普通型和低糖型肉苁蓉匀浆膳,经专业机构检测,各营养成分、肉苁蓉含量和物料加工细度等均达到预期标准. 结论:该肉苁蓉匀浆膳食材搭配合理、营养成分全面、加工质量稳定,符合中国膳食营养指南及危重症病人的营养需求.     

Nutritional analysis of blenderized enteral diets in the Philippines

The objective of this study was to analyze the nutritional quality and viscosity of blenderized enteral tube feedings (BTFs) from four hospitals in the Philippines. Samples of two different BTFs (one standard and one modified) were collected from each hospital on three separate occasions and analyzed for macronutrients, micronutrients, and viscosity. There was considerable variation among the BTFs for the concentrations of most nutrients measured. For standard BTF samples, the caloric density ranged from 66-123 kcal/100g and the percentages of total weight for protein, carbohydrate, and fat ranged from 1.5-4.0%, 8.6-21.4%, and 0.27-3.40%, respectively. Levels of specific vitamins were undetectable in 10 standard and 15 modified BTF samples. In samples where vitamin levels were detectable, results were: vitamin A, 625-8850 IU/kg; riboflavin, 0.40-5.00 mg/kg; and pyridoxine, 0.14-3.00 mg/kg. Mineral concentrations also varied greatly (eg calcium, 64-524 mg/kg; sodium, 148-886 mg/kg; iron, 3.0-13.7 mg/kg; and zinc, 1.8- 11.5 mg/kg). Correlation coefficients were statistically significant only for carbohydrate (r = 0.48, P = 0.017). Measured values tended to be lower than expected values for all nutrients, although the difference was statistically significant only for calories (P = 0.023). The viscosity of BTF samples ranged from 2.3-45,060 centipoise, excluding three samples that were too viscous for analysis. This study demonstrates that hospital prepared blenderized enteral tube feedings render unpredictable levels of micronutrients and macronutrients and appear likely to deliver less than the desired amounts of nutrients. Additionally, the viscosity of these feedings may be unsuitable for infusion through feeding tubes.     

Bacterial contamination of blenderized whole food and commercial enteral tube feedings in the Philippines

Hospital-prepared tube feedings from four Philippine acute-care hospitals were analysed for microbial contamination. Two feedings were prepared on three separate days at each hospital. The tube feedings were either blended natural whole foods or a reconstituted commercial powdered nutritional product. Samples of each feeding were collected for coliform count and standard plate count at the time of preparation and at 1, 2 and 4 h after preparation after maintenance at room temperature (26-31 degrees C).At the time of preparation, mean coliform and standard plate counts for all samples were 10.3 most probable number per gram (MPN/g) and 7.4x10(4)colony-forming units per gram (cfu/g), respectively. Nine of 24 samples (38%) had coliform counts greater than 10 MPN/g, and 22/24 (92%) samples had standard plate counts greater than 10(3) cfu/g. There were significant increases in mean coliform and standard plate counts over 4 h (P=0.0005 and P=0.008, respectively). At 4 h after preparation, the mean coliform and standard plate counts were 18.2 MPN/g and 2.1x10(5) cfu/g, respectively. At this time, 18/24 (75%) samples had coliform counts greater than 10 MPN/g and 20/24 (83%) samples had standard plate counts greater than 10(5) cfu/g. The results of this study show that the microbial quality of the majority of the hospital-prepared enteral tube feedings analysed were not within published guidelines for safety.     

匀浆膳应用于老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者饮食治疗的效果研究

目的:观察匀浆膳替代早餐对老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血糖和血脂的影响,探讨其应用于糖尿病饮食治疗的效果。方法:筛选老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者40例,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组食用匀浆膳替代早餐,对照组自由选择早餐,分别在实验前和实验后第7、14、21 d抽血检测空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖及血脂变化。结果:老年Ⅱ型糖尿病患者在食用匀浆膳替代早餐后,空腹血糖、餐后血糖及血甘油三脂、胆固醇含量均较饮食治疗前及对照组有明显下降(P<0.05)。结论:食用匀浆膳替代早餐,进行严格的饮食治疗对糖尿病的治疗及并发症的预防具有积极作用。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.