吉林192Ir源放射事故病人受照生物剂量(微核法)的估算

吉林１９２Ｉｒ源放射事故病人受照生物剂量（微核法）的估算蒋本荣姚波卢淑娟本文用胞浆分裂阻滞微核法（ＣＢＭＮ法），对吉林１９２Ｉｒ源辐射事故中１例受照者进行了生物剂量估算，结果与物理剂量、染色体畸变剂量及临床诊断完全一致，现将结果报告如下。１材料和方法...     

狗全身照射后淋巴细胞微核蜕减规律的探讨

狗全身照射后淋巴细胞微核蜕减规律的探讨蒋本荣，张海鹰，姚波淋巴细胞微核ＯＩ入）检测在核辐射事故受照者剂量估算中的重要性日益受到重视。国内一些学者相继以常规法及ＣＢ法建立了ＭＮ的剂量效应刻度曲线，用于临床，取得可喜的结果。由于射线诱发的ＭＮ主要源于染色...     

淋巴细胞微核检测可用作辐射生物剂量计

用外周血淋巴细胞微核检测法对一起６０Ｃｏ源事故及１例非何杰金氏淋巴瘤６０Ｃｏ源全身照射治疗后的生物剂量进行了估算，取得与物理剂量或染色体剂量一致的结果。照后３１天的微核剂量仍能反映实际剂量，认为微核检测可作为生物剂量计用于估算受照者的生物剂量。在事故情况下，为尽早向临床提供剂量数据，可先观察５２小时培养制片标本，计算出初步参考剂量，然后观察７２小时培养制片的标本，给出正式剂量。     

快中子照射离体血建立淋巴细胞微核的剂量效应曲线

十年来，国内外学者们用ＣＢ微核法研究了各种辐射类型诱发微核的剂量效应关系和影响因素，并建立了多条剂量效应曲线［１～４］。国内学者已报道多例用ＣＢ法估算生物剂量的结果［５～７］。本研究目的是用快中子照射离体血建立淋巴细胞微核的剂量效应曲线，以备用于中子...     

四名60Co源辐射事故受照者的生物剂量估算

四名~（６０）Ｃｏ源辐射事故受照者的生物剂量估算白玉书，侯祖洪，夏明桥，黄绮龙，关树荣，何玉庆淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析是估算受照剂量的一种可靠的生物学方法，国内外已有多例实际应用的报道［１～３］，都取得了相当满意的结果。淋巴细胞微核作为估算受照剂量的辅?..     

低剂量^60Coγ线诱发淋巴细胞微核的剂量效应研究

用细胞浆分裂阻滞微核法（ＣＢＭＮ）研究了５名健康成人离体血＾６０Ｃｏγ线低剂量照射后的淋巴细胞中含微核细胞（ＭＮＣ）及微核（ＭＮ）的剂量效应关系。结果表明，在低剂量范围内，ＭＮＣ率及ＭＮ率均随照射剂量的增加而增加，并可配合出拟合度良好的二次多项式模型。该模型适合于单次或短期内多次外照射的剂量估算，可望成为检测剂量电离辐射的生物剂量计。结果还表明，应用ＭＮＣ率或ＭＮ率所能的最低剂量为０．０５Ｇｙ。当     

哈尔滨1.2860Co源放射事故受照者的生物剂量估算

淋巴细胞染色体畸变分析是估算受照剂量的一种可靠的生物学方法。胞质分裂阻断微核法被证明是继染色体畸变分析后又一较为有价值的估算受照剂量的生物学方法。作者用本实验室建立的染色体畸变和微核的剂量效应曲线,对１９９８年１月２８日哈尔滨６０Ｃｏ源放射事故受照者所受剂量进行了估算,并用双着丝粒加环的泊松分布ｕ检验,判断是否为不均匀照射。现将结果报道如下。　　一、材料和方法１－患者受照情况：１９９８年１月２８日哈尔滨市某公司工人,男,４０岁,因排除设备故障,误受６０Ｃｏγ源全身照射（源活度为１－１１×１０１６…     

哈尔滨事故受照者的生物剂量估算

目的 对哈尔滨事故中的15例受检者进行生物剂量估算.方法 采用加秋水仙素同步培养法培养受检者外周血淋巴细胞,分析染色体型畸变,用本实验室建立的剂量-效应曲线估算生物剂量.结果 估算出6例受检者生物剂量,平均剂量范围为0.35～1.60 Gy,结果与临床诊断相一致.另9例染色体畸变在正常范围.结论 通过分析染色体畸变可以较准确地估算出生物剂量.     

南京^192Ir放射事故患者照后第4年细胞遗传学随访

目的用5种细胞遗传学方法对南京192Ir源放射事故患者进行照后第4年随访,筛选回顾性剂量估算指标,为探明电离辐射远后效应提供依据。方法采集事故患者外周血,进行非稳定性染色体畸变(双着丝粒+着丝粒环)、微核和核质桥分析,应用荧光原位杂交技术及G显带方法检测染色体易位,并估算生物剂量。结果荧光原位杂交技术及G显带方法检测染色体易位估算的剂量分别为1.45和1.21 Gy,与事故后短期内估算的生物剂量相近;非稳定性染色体畸变、微核、核质桥估算的剂量分别为0.56、0.45、0.41 Gy,低于事故后短期内估算的生物剂量,其修正系数与时间的变化规律符合幂函数模型。结论荧光原位杂交技术及G显带方法检测染色体易位估算方法,适用于回顾性剂量估算,应用非稳定性染色体畸变进行回顾性剂量估算需用修正系数进行校正。     

三例大面积放疗病人染色体畸变率、微核率检测及全身等效剂量估算

为探讨在高度不均匀照射条件下 ,以微核 (ＭＮ)率和双 环 (ｄｉｃ ｒ)率所估算的相当于一次全身均匀受照剂量 ,我们用常规ＣＡ分析和ＣＢＭＮ法对接受全淋巴区、全腹和下半身放疗的 3例晚期肿瘤病人进行了外周血淋巴细胞ＣＡ率和ＭＮ率检测 ,比较了以ｄｉｃ ｒ率和ＭＮ率所估算的相当于一次全身均匀受照剂量。并针对ＣＢＭＮ法用作辐射生物剂量计时 ,其相对偏高的本底对剂量估算的影响进行了探讨。一、材料和方法1 病人 :接受全淋巴区、全腹和下半身6 0 Ｃｏγ射线放疗的 3例男性晚期肿瘤病人 ,中心平面剂量分别为 8、6和 6Ｇｙ。2 血样…     

用FISH技术对忻州事故宫内受照者进行回顾性剂量重建

目的 对忻州事故中宫内受照者"京"进行回顾性剂量重建.方法 受照后16年取"京"及其母亲"芳"的外周静脉血,用常规方法分析非稳定性染色体畸变,用CB法分析双核淋巴细胞微核;用全染色体探针的FISH方法分析染色体易位,参照本实验室建立的全基因组易位率与吸收剂量之间的剂量-效应曲线进行剂量估算.参照"芳"的剂量校正系数推算"京"在宫内的受照剂量.结果 受照16年后未观察到两位受照者的外周血非稳定性染色体畸变,淋巴细胞微核率在正常范围内.参照本实验室建立的吸收剂量与全基因组易位率之间的剂量-效应曲线,"芳"在16年后用FISH方法估算的剂量为0.76(0.41～1.00)Gy,而"芳"在事故后短期内估算的生物剂量为2.30(2.07～2.50)Gy,其剂量校正系数为3.03;"京"在16年后估算的剂量为0.61(0.44～0.86)Gy,推算"京"在宫内受照的剂量为1.85(1.33～2.61)Gy.结论 16年后用FISH方法对宫内受照者进行剂量重建,参照受照母亲的剂量校正系数,可推算出胎儿宫内受照的大致剂量,为临床提供依据.     

用FISH技术对忻州事故宫内受照者进行回顾性剂量重建

目的 对忻州事故中宫内受照者"京"进行回顾性剂量重建。方法 受照后16年取"京"及其母亲"芳"的外周静脉血,用常规方法分析非稳定性染色体畸变,用CB法分析双核淋巴细胞微核;用全染色体探针的FISH方法分析染色体易位,参照本实验室建立的全基因组易位率与吸收剂量之间的剂量-效应曲线进行剂量估算。参照"芳"的剂量校正系数推算"京"在宫内的受照剂量。结果 受照16年后未观察到两位受照者的外周血非稳定性染色体畸变,淋巴细胞微核率在正常范围内。参照本实验室建立的吸收剂量与全基因组易位率之间的剂量-效应曲线,"芳"在16年后用FISH方法估算的剂量为0.76(0.41～1.00)Gy,而"芳"在事故后短期内估算的生物剂量为2.30(2.07～2.50)Gy,其剂量校正系数为3.03;"京"在16年后估算的剂量为0.61(0.44～0.86)Gy,推算"京"在宫内受照的剂量为1.85(1.33～2.61)Gy。结论 16年后用FISH方法对宫内受照者进行剂量重建,参照受照母亲的剂量校正系数,可推算出胎儿宫内受照的大致剂量,为临床提供依据。     

一例亚急性放射病患者的生物剂量估算及 细胞遗传学随访观察

目的对一起^192Ir源辐射事故致亚急性放射病患者进行细胞遗传学动态观察，并估算受照剂量。方法对患者照后2d、1．5年和2．5年的外周血样本进行常规染色体畸变（CA）分析和微核（MN）检测，根据双＋环（d＋r）畸变频率，用G函数方法估算累积受照剂量。结果剂量估算结果与用物理方法估算的剂量接近，与临床表现基本相符；照后1．5年和2．5年，双着丝粒体（dic）明显减少，无着丝粒断片（ace）和MN减少不明显。结论用G函数方法估算迁延性受照者的累积受照剂量基本可反映实际辐射损伤程度；亚急性放射病患者CA和MN的衰减速度可能较急性放射病缓慢。     

部分照射离体血对淋巴细胞染色体畸变形成的影响

目的 分析⁶⁰Coγ射线部分照射离体血对人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变形成的影响。方法 用2Gy⁶⁰Coγ射线37℃照射人外周血后以不同比例混合后进行培养、制片和分析染色体畸变。结果 染色体畸变随照射血比例的增加而增加,与单纯照射组相比,混合照射血的染色体畸变率高。1:1比例混合估算出的剂量为1.27Gy,大于1Gy;0.5:1比例混合估算出的剂量为0.93Gy,大于0.5Gy;而在1:0组,照射剂量与估算剂量基本一致。结论 染色体畸变可以作为估算非均匀照射的生物学指标之一。     

Dose estimation by chromosome aberration analysis and micronucleus assays in victims accidentally exposed to 60Co radiation

The objective of this study was to assess the radiation exposure levels in victims of a ⁶⁰Co radiation accident using chromosome aberration analysis and the micronucleus assay. Peripheral blood samples were collected from three victims exposed to ⁶⁰Co 10 days after the accident and were used for the chromosome aberration and micronucleus assays. After in vitro culture of the lymphocytes, the frequencies of dicentric chromosomes and rings (dic+r) and the numbers of cytokinesis blocking micronuclei (CBMN) in the first mitotic division were determined and used to estimate radiation dosimetry. The Poisson distribution of the frequency of dic+r in lymphocytes was used to assess the uniformity of the exposure to ⁶⁰Co radiation. Based on the frequency of dic+r in lymphocytes, estimates of radiation exposure of the three victims were 5.61 Gy (A), 2.48 Gy (B) and 2.68 Gy (C). The values were estimated based on the frequencies of CBMN, which were 5.45 Gy (A), 2.78 Gy (B) and 2.84 Gy (C). The estimated radiation dosimetry demonstrated a critical role in estimating the radiation dose and facilitating an accurate clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, the frequencies of dir+r in victims A and B deviated significantly from a normal Poisson distribution. Chromosome aberration analysis offers a reliable means for estimating biological exposure to radiation. In the present study, the micronucleus assay demonstrated a high correlation with the chromosome aberration analysis in determining the radiation dosimetry 10 days after radiation exposure.As early as the mid-1960s, ionising radiation was known to be capable of inducing chromosome aberrations in the metaphase of human peripheral lymphocytes [1, 2]. Since then, the chromosome aberration assay has been widely used as a sensitive biomarker for dose reconstruction following radiation exposure [3–6]. In particular, the analysis of dicentric chromosomes and rings (dic+r), two aberrations exemplifying inter- and intrachromosomal exchanges, respectively, has been generally considered to be the standard means for estimating biodosimetry based on its well-established dose–response relationship with radiation exposure and its low baseline levels in the general population [7, 8]. However, the utility of the chromosome aberration assay relies heavily on the expertise and experience of individual investigators. As an alternative method for determining radiation biodosimetry, the cytokinesis blocking micronucleus (CBMN) assay is easy to perform and less time-consuming, but its drawbacks include large individual variations in baseline values in the general population [7] and a markedly lower sensitivity when used for estimating low dose exposure compared with the chromosome aberration assay. Therefore, the micronucleus assay is widely used as a supplement to the chromosome aberration analysis [9]. In the present study, we made a comparative estimate of the radiation exposure in three victims of a ⁶⁰Co radiation accident that occurred in 1999 using dose–response curves of γ-ray-induced chromosome aberration and micronuclei, which were previously established in our laboratory. The results provide evidence of the utility of both methods in estimating biological doses of radiation exposure in humans.     

南京“5.7” 192Ir源放射事故患者的生物剂量估算

目的 用3种方法估算南京"5.7" ¹⁹²Ir源放射事故患者的生物剂量,为核与辐射事故受照者的临床救治提供剂量资料。方法 受照后第5天采集患者外周血,分别进行外周血淋巴细胞染色体"双着丝粒+环"("dic+r")畸变分析、胞质分裂阻滞微核(CBMN)分析、核质桥(NPB +FHC)分析,并估算生物剂量。用双着丝粒畸变在细胞间的泊松分布情况检验照射的均匀性。结果3种方法估算的该患者受到的一次全身等效剂量分别为"dic+r"畸变分析1.51 Gy (95% CI 1.40~1.61),CBMN 分析1.47 Gy (95% CI 1.36~1.60),NPB+FHC分析1.30 Gy(95% CI 1.00~1.60)。泊松分布检验结果显示,该患者"dic+r"畸变偏离泊松分布,受到了不均匀照射。结论 外周血淋巴细胞染色体"dic+r"畸变分析、CBMN分析、NPB+FHC分析均是有效的生物剂量估算手段,对本例急性局部不均匀照射患者估算的一次全身等效剂量与临床诊断结果相符。     

Simple biodosimetry method for use in cases of high-dose radiation exposure that scores the chromosome number of Giemsa-stained drug-induced prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC)

There is a need for quick dose estimation by a simple method in radiation accidents. This study develops a simple and rapid dose estimation protocol for victims of such accidents, in particular those involving high radiation doses. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were gamma-irradiated in vitro at several dose points up to 60 Gy, and were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) for 2 days to obtain dividing cells. PBL were then forced to condense prematurely, using 50 nM calyculin A, and the obtained chromosome spreads were Giemsa stained. The G2-PCC (prematurely condensed chromosomes) index and chromosome number for each radiation dose point were scored. G2-PCC were stably induced using calyculin A within 24 h delays in stimulation of PBL with PHA-P. The chromosome number of G2-PCC increased steeply with radiation doses up to 30 Gy at a rate of 0.31 Gy(-1) and then decreased at 0.30 Gy(-1) up to 40 Gy. More than 10% of G2-PCC index remained up to a 15 Gy dose. Even after 40 Gy irradiation, about 2% PCC index was obtained, and this value was enough to score a sufficient number of chromosome spreads for analysis. Therefore, the combined use of chromosome number and G2-PCC index allows biodosimetry to be done easily and rapidly. If PCC are not induced using calyculin A, it is strongly suggested that the radiation dose is over 50 Gy. A rapid and easy dose estimation for large dose exposure whole-body was realized by combined analysis of Giemsa-stained chromosome number of G2-PCC and PCC index using calyculin A. This simple method will be of use for rapid decision making of therapy for radiation accident victims. This method also has potential for use as a biodosimeter for partial-body exposure accidents.     

骨髓细胞染色体畸变在山东济宁事故受照人员剂量估算中的应用

目的对山东济宁“10．21”辐射事故受照者进行染色体畸变（CA）分析，并估算受照剂量。方法对2例患者（A和B）的外周血和骨髓样本进行常规CA分析，根据双着丝粒（dic）和环（r）畸变频率估算受照剂量。结果2例患者的外周血未见中期分裂细胞。骨髓获得了可供分析的细胞。2例患者的dic＋r畸变频率超过了剂量效应方程所能估计的上限剂量相对应的数值。用直接比较法估算2例患者受到比较均匀的大剂量照射，与用物理方法、微核法和ESR法所估剂量接近，与临床表现基本一致。结论用骨髓CA估算辐射事故患者的受照剂量在国内尚属首次。对肠型放射病患者A的剂量估算是迄今采用骨髓进行常规CA分析估计事故病人受照剂量的最高记录。